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Antagonist static-stretching and dynamic-stretching are both effective at improving muscular performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate responses to a dynamic stretching warm-up protocol, a static-stretching warm-up protocol and a combined dynamic-stretching and antagonist static stretching warm-up protocol on isokinetic leg extension performance. Twelve participants completed a baseline (PRE) isokinetic knee-extension test at 60°.s−1 and 300°.s−1, following a 5 min warm-up on a cycle ergometer. Subsequently, participants completed the following warm-up protocols randomly over a three-week period: dynamic-stretching (DS); antagonist muscle static-stretching (AMSS) and dynamic followed by antagonist muscle static-stretching (DS-AMSS). A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine where significant differences existed for peak torque, total work, average power, time-to-peak-torque and relative peak torque between warm-up protocols. DS-AMSS facilitated a significantly higher peak torque and total work compared to PRE, DS and AMSS at 60°.s−1 and 300°.s−1P < 0.05, respectively). DS-AMSS caused significantly greater relative peak torque than PRE for 60°.s−1 and 300°.s−1 (P < 0.05). DS-AMSS resulted in significantly reduced time-to-peak-torque and increased average power at 60°.s−1 compared to PRE, DS and AMSS (P < 0.05). DS-AMSS and AMSS resulted in a significant reduction in time-to-peak-torque and increased average power compared to the PRE and DS (P < 0.05) at 300°.s−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Observational studies with long‐term follow‐up of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) are scarce. Patient data over a period of four decades were retrospectively analysed from databases at Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, UK. The cohort was delineated by two distinct therapeutic eras; the first from 01/01/1982 to 31/12/2010 (n = 147) and the second 01/01/2011 to 31/07/2020 (n = 125). The median age at diagnosis was significantly older in the second era compared to the first (69 and 65 years respectively, P = 0·003). The 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month overall survival (OS) rates in the second era were significantly higher compared to the first, at 85%, 77%, 62% versus 56%, 49%, 38% respectively (log‐rank test P < 0·0001). On multivariate analysis, high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX)‐based induction protocols employed in the second era were associated with improved OS compared to those used in the first [hazard ratio (HR) 0·40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·28–0·57]. Within the second era, superior OS rates were seen with the use of intensive HD‐MTX protocols (including consolidation with high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation) compared to non‐intensive HD‐MTX schedules (HR 0·47, 95% CI 0·22–0·99). Initiating chemotherapy within 14 days of biopsy and use of rituximab were independently associated with improved OS and progression‐free survival during the second era. These data suggest that prompt treatment initiation and use of intensive HD‐MTX‐ and rituximab‐based protocols have resulted in improved survival outcomes for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2005, the Supreme Court's Kelo v. New London ruling reaffirmed governments' right to use eminent domain for economic development purposes. Widespread public backlash over the ruling resulted in numerous states quickly passing laws restricting the use of eminent domain for such purposes. This study uses the swift and uneven response of state legislatures to the public outcry that followed Kelo to test the empirical question of whether restrictions on eminent domain affect states' ability to fulfill their economic development goals. Results indicate that states that restricted the use of eminent domain following the Kelo ruling experienced no adverse effects in terms of state employment and gross state product or county employment and county income in the states' most dense counties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Previous research exploring the patient experience of awake craniotomy (AC) has yielded contrasting accounts. The current study aimed to explore the lived experience of having undergone an AC in the United Kingdom. Design. This was a qualitative, semi-structured interview study. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Methods. Seven participants (three males, four females) who had undergone an AC in the United Kingdom took part in the study. Ages ranged between 26 and 41 years old at the time of interview. Time since AC ranged from 5 months to 4 years. Results. Participants appeared to be satisfied with, and tolerant of, the AC experience. Three superordinate themes: use of self-preservation strategies prior to and during AC, a bizarre yet pleasant operation experience, and the need for more concrete information prior to surgery were identified. These themes appeared to be embedded in a core theme: relationship with the neurosurgeon. Conclusions. The relationship with the neurosurgeon appears crucial to the patient experience of AC. This knowledge underscores the need for effective doctor-patient communication skills which could lead to improved delivery of care and more positive outcomes. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Little is currently known about the patient experience of awake craniotomy in the United Kingdom., Previous studies have reported a satisfactory and tolerable experience (e.g. Danks et al. 1998) however a recent exploratory study has reported an anxiety provoking experience (Palese et al. 2008)., What does this study add? This study adds to paucity of research literature exploring the patient experience of awake craniotomy in the United Kingdom., The findings emphasize the importance of the patients' relationship with the neurosurgeon, underscoring the need for neurosurgeons to have effective communication skills when preparing patients for, and guiding patients through, the awake craniotomy procedure., The study highlights the need for better information provision in neurosurgery departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on medical sciences in Great Britain. Pressures in teaching laparoscopic surgery; Vascular surgery in smokers; Immunodeficiency in the absence of HIV.

Relates the women's movement to politics in Great Britain. What the concept of social movement allow; What stimulated feminism in Britain; Importance of Women's Committees in local authorities; Reason for decline in women's movement.

Presents several issues related to medicine in Great Britain. Estimated rise of caesarean section deliveries; Assessments on the abnormalities in daytime urinary frequencies in children; Methods for the non-operative management of perianeurysmal fibrosis.

The article focuses on the campaigns of the organization Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) in Great Britain. According to the author, the group has been such a household name for a quarter of a century due to their active protests on nuclear arms and that although membership has declined, it has revived once again and is responsible in putting issues on the agenda of political talks. A survey conducted to its members is presented to analyze the political party inclinations of CND members and priorities in their cause. An overview of the movement's organizational structure and the impacts it has so far made in the socio-political landscape is also presented.