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Distinct clinical syndromes have been associated with pathogenic MT-ATP6 variants. In this cohort study, we identified 125 individuals (60 families) including 88 clinically affected individuals and 37 asymptomatic carriers. Thirty-one individuals presented with Leigh syndrome and 7 with neuropathy ataxia retinitis pigmentosa. The remaining 50 patients presented with variable nonsyndromic features including ataxia, neuropathy, and learning disability. We confirmed maternal inheritance in 39 families and demonstrated that tissue segregation patterns and phenotypic threshold are variant dependent. Our findings suggest that MT-ATP6-related mitochondrial DNA disease is best conceptualized as a mitochondrial disease spectrum disorder and should be routinely included in genetic ataxia and neuropathy gene panels. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:310-315. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the experiences and impressions of British military unit that fought on the Eastern Front of World War I. The unit was reportedly established by Member of Parliament Oliver Locker Lampson who raised funds to purchase armoured cars and guns. Also discussed are Great Britain's alliance with Russia, the unit's deployment in Belgium in 1914, and the disconnection in the understanding of the war.

This article deals with the debate that took place in the British press in the years 1918-20 on the issue of Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. It looks at the editorial campaign mounted by some key newspaper editors, proprietors and correspondents in favour of intervention and identifies some common themes that recurred in their arguments. It also examines British press coverage from the fronts of the civil war and looks at some of the difficulties faced by correspondents in the field. While coverage from the fronts was patchy, the editorial campaign was highly organized and those involved did all they could to influence the decision-making process. Although military and political decision making on intervention was more concerned with the war against Germany than with Russia, the accompanying press debate was closely focused on the nature of the Soviet regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allied policy towards Russia at the Paris Peace Conference was confused and uncoordinated. Throughout 1919 civil war continued to rage in Russia and its former borderlands. While piecemeal assistance was being given to the anti-Bolshevik forces led by Kolchak and Denikin, the Allies also made promises to support the independence of the newly established states on the borders of Russia. At the height of Kolchak's military success in May 1919, they were seriously considering recognition of his Omsk government. This article shows that the British government investigated the possibility of a reconstructed Russian federation based around the Kolchak government. James Simpson, a member of the Foreign Office's Political Intelligence Department, was sent to Paris to negotiate with the parties involved. While his efforts were a short and abortive episode in the history of the Peace Conference, his discussions and the reports he received shed interesting light on the attitudes and actions of the many unrecognized delegations from former parts of Russia at the conference and on their relations with Russia, the Allies, and each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]