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The compartmentalisation of distinct disciplines limits the opportunities for teachers to work in a collaborative multidisciplinary manner. Workshops such as 'Saviour Siblings' from the Epistemic Insight Initiative encourage students to consider big questions from different perspectives and thus provide a bridge between the religious education (RE) and science curricula at key stage 4 (ages 14-16). This article reports on a collaborative teaching intervention between science and RE lecturers on a secondary PGCE initial teacher education programme. Discussing big questions with their peers proved to develop trainee teachers' beliefs about the power and limitations of science and the value of considering a diverse range of disciplinary perspectives.

The elements of global education should be at the heart of all learning and teaching. In ITE we often protect "our subject" in the belief that it should have more prominence in the curriculum and more teaching time in school. In this article a group of ITE tutors comment on their learning about global education and its inclusion in their subject following a study trip, with students and teachers, to The Gambia. A truly cross-curricular strand develops and ideas within subjects are matched to key concepts of global education. An experiential model of tutor CPD evolves which includes personal challenge of values and attitudes.

The consequences of poor breed management and inbreeding can range from gradual declines in individual productivity to more serious fertility and mortality concerns. However, many small and closed groups, as well as larger unmanaged populations, are plagued by genetic regression, often due to a dearth in breeding support tools which are accessible and easy to use in supporting decision‐making. To address this, we have developed a population management tool (BCAS, Breed Conservation and Management System) based on individual relatedness assessed using pedigree‐based kinship, which offers breeding recommendations for such populations. Moreover, we demonstrate the success of this tool in 16 years of employment in a closed equine population native to the UK, most notably, the rate of inbreeding reducing from more than 3% per generation, to less than 0.5%, or that attributed to genetic drift, as assessed over the last 16 years of implementation. Furthermore, with adherence to this program, the long‐term impact of poor management has been reversed and the genetic resource within the breed has grown from an effective population size of 20 in 1994 to more than 140 in 2020. The development and availability of our BCAS for breed management and selection establish a new paradigm for the successful maintenance of genetic resources in animal populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic diversity and maternal ancestry line relationships amongst a sample of 96 Cleveland Bay horses were investigated using a 479bp length of mitochondrial D-loop sequence. The analysis yielded at total of 11 haplotypes with 27 variable positions, all of which have been described in previous equine mitochondrial DNA d-loop studies. Four main haplotype clusters were present in the Cleveland Bay breed describing 89% of the total sample. This suggests that only four principal maternal ancestry lines exist in the present-day global Cleveland Bay population. Comparison of these sequences with other domestic horse haplotypes (Fig 2) shows a close association of the Cleveland Bay horse with Northern European (Clade C), Iberian (Clade A) and North African (Clade B) horse breeds. This indicates that the Cleveland Bay horse may not have evolved exclusively from the now extinct Chapman horse, as previous work as suggested. The Cleveland Bay horse remains one of only five domestic horse breeds classified as Critical on the Rare Breeds Survival Trust (UK) Watchlist and our results provide important information on the origins of this breed and represent a valuable tool for conservation purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of asthma, there are still several unmet needs associated with the management of pediatric asthma. Methods: A two‐day, face‐to‐face meeting was held in London, United Kingdom, on October 28 and 29, 2017, involving a group of international expert clinicians and scientists in asthma management to discuss the challenges and unmet needs that remain to be addressed in pediatric asthma. Results: These unmet needs include a lack of clinical efficacy and safety evidence, and limited availability of non‐steroid‐based alternative therapies in patients <6 years of age. An increased focus on children is needed in the context of clinical practice guidelines for asthma; current pediatric practice relies mostly on extrapolations from adult recommendations. Furthermore, no uniform definition of pediatric asthma exists, which hampers timely and robust diagnosis of the condition in affected patients. Conclusions: There is a need for a uniform definition of pediatric asthma, clearly distinguishable from adult asthma. Furthermore, guidelines which provide specific treatment recommendations for the management of pediatric asthma are also needed. Clinical trials and real‐world evidence studies assessing anti‐immunoglobulin E (IgE) therapies and other monoclonal antibodies in children <6 years of age with asthma may provide further information regarding the most appropriate treatment options in these vulnerable patients. Early intervention with anti‐IgE and non‐steroid‐based alternative therapies may delay disease progression, leading to improved clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1976, 163 patients were approved by the Department of Health and Social Security for transfer from the Special Hospitals to the open wards of the National Health Service. By autumn 1978, a quarter were still waiting for admission. Patients meeting most difficulty were the severely handicapped non-offenders, who were usually refused unseen on the ground that local subnormality hospitals were full. The role of the DHSS and of the Regional and Area Authorities was in general restricted to bewailing problems they could not help to solve. Some two years after their transfer, enquiries were made in the NHS about the 105 transferred patients. Removal back to the Special Hospital had been requested for seven, and another three had been removed by the police and prosecuted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several Haiku poems by Pearl Elizabeth Deel May are presented. "Cancer: not today thank-you." First Line: Tomorrow I might be dying. Last Line: even if tomorrow I might be dying. "Parcels." First Line: We lived in a village in Dorset when war broke out. Dad was called up to serve in; Last Line: children sleep peaceful. "The Pistol." First Line: There was a lot of poverty before ware. Mum often went without food so that we; Last Line: not understanding real war.

Focuses on the failure of the administration of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher to improve the relative performance of the British economy. Details on the electoral consequences of recession and mounting unemployment; Assessment of the achievements of the Thatcher government; Emphasis of the government to increase in real terms the public expenditure on the National Health Service.

The article examines the British Labour Party's relationship with local government in the mid-20th century. It is argued that local government and local councils are dependent on the British central government to the extent that they cannot adequately respond to local public opinion. The author believes that in order to bring about local democracy, Labour must advocate higher local spending on welfare initiatives and education and reform local public relations policy.

The article offers views on the capability of Channel Four to prosper as an independent entity selling its own advertising time. The 1980 British Broadcasting Act gave Channel Four an ingenious structure. Operated by a company subsidiary to the Independent Broadcasting Authority, it is funded by a subscription levied on the interactive television (ITV) companies which sell its advertising time. In this way Channel Four, free of financial worries, was able to implement its charter to innovate and to be distinctive. In 1987-88, for the first time, advertising revenue invoiced on Channel Four exceeded the estimated total costs of the channel, and did so by £18.9 million. This occurred even though the channel's advertising time was sold by the ITV companies at a discount of 10.3 percent in the sense that its share of advertising revenue was less than its share of the commercial audience. The case for separating Channel Four from the ITV system is overwhelming. That view has now been endorsed by the Select Committee on Home Affairs in its report. The Future of Broadcasting. House of Commons select committees, other than the Public Accounts Committee, have a difficult time. However, the report does eventually make the correct judgment. It says that at present, Channel Four should remain substantially as it is. But it observes that the advertising revenue of the ITV companies will come under pressure during the 1990s and they may no longer be able to fund the channel adequately. The Select Committee is right, both in sounding the warning and in the remedy it proposes. If ITV suffers financially in consequence of increasing competition. An independent Channel Four Authority should be established at once on the model of the Welsh Fourth Channel. There is no reason why Channel Four should not be at once placed in the same position, without any change in the funding system until the end of 1992.

Abstract: An intercomparison exercise to determine the 14C activity concentrations in a range of solid, environmental level materials was conducted between laboratories in the UK. IAEA reference materials, C2, C6 and C7, and an in-house laboratory QA material were dispatched in 2006 to ten laboratories comprising of members of the Analyst Informal Working Group (AIWG) and one other invited party. The laboratories performed the determinations using a number of techniques, and using the results each one was evaluated in terms of levels of precision, sensitivity and limits of detection. The results of the study show that all techniques are capable of successfully analysing 14C in environmental level materials, however, a shortage of certified environmental reference materials exists. The suitability of the IAEA reference materials and other material for use as reference materials was also assessed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Cleveland Bay horse is one of the oldest equines in the United Kingdom, with pedigree data going back almost 300 years. The studbook is essentially closed and because of this, there are concerns about loss of genetic variation across generations. The breed is one of five equine breeds listed as "critical" (<300 registered adult breeding females) by the UK Rare Breeds Survival Trust in their annual Watchlist. Due to their critically endangered status, the current breadth of their genetic diversity is of concern, and assessment of this can lead to improved breed management strategies. Herein, both genealogical and molecular methods are combined in order to assess founder representation, lineage, and allelic diversity. Data from 15 microsatellite loci from a reference population of 402 individuals determined a loss of 91% and 48% of stallion and dam lines, respectively. Only 3 ancestors determine 50% of the genome in the living population, with 70% of maternal lineage being derived from 3 founder females, and all paternal lineages traced back to a single founder stallion. Methods and theory are described in detail in order to demonstrate the scope of this analysis for wider conservation strategies. We quantitatively demonstrate the critical nature of the genetic resources within the breed and offer a perspective on implementing this data in considered breed management strategies., Competing Interests: No.