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This article focuses on prevailing political conditions in the U.S. and around the world, as of April 22, 1897. The protests against the Dingley bill by European countries are based upon the idea that the U.S. is abandoning the policy of non-discrimination in foreign tariff, notwithstanding its treaties, and that the way to meet this action on the part of the U.S. is for the various European Governments to lay their duties so as to keep out American products whenever possible. Another development focuses on the teaching methods of English language in the schools of the U.S. and Great Britain.

The article throws light on the book "Birds of the World, for Young People," by Charles R. Knight and Ella Hardcastle. It presents a brief description of such birds of the world as are usually to be seen in zoological collections and in museums." In fact, almost any museum which really deserves the name will contain many specimens not described in this text. And though the expressed purpose "to give special attention to birds of the U.S., to corresponding species and allied forms found in Great Britain and on the Continent of Europe and to certain of the more remarkable and interesting birds of other continents" is a pretty difficult undertaking, especially within limits of the present volume.

Focuses on various political and economic issues from around the world. Realization by the British government of the risk involved by a further restriction of the sale of cotton in Europe; Progressive degradation of the standards of administrative independence and competence in Washington; Information on charges against the striking machinists of Bridgeport; Discussion of a conference on the universities and public service.

The National Municipal League has the honor of having called the first national conference on the subject of reconstruction. To some of those who spoke at Rochester reconstruction meant mainly the repairing of war damage in Europe. To others it signified the immediate business of effecting the transition to a peace footing, but to most it implied a much wider programme. The first evening was given to representatives of Great Britain, France, Belgium and Italy who spoke, in the main, of needs of their respective countries in the task of making good the ruin wrought by the war.

Focuses on political conditions around the world at the end of World War I. Determination of international relations by military imperialism of several countries of which Prussia was the chief. Emergence of modernization from Prussian Germany; Impact of disappearance of imperial organizations on the world; Urge of countries for a compromise with Prussia; Inscription of Fourteen Points in Paris, France, to reach an agreement following the World War I; Growth of practice of international cooperation in trade; Rearrangement of Allied powers' diplomacy on the axiom of a complete victory in order to form a working partnership between the nationalist forces of Central Europe and the cause of the Allied powers; Provisions incorporated in Treaty of Peace for the disarmament of Germany as a world power; Emergence of Great Britain and the U.S. as undisputed leaders of world politics; Difficulties in amending the covenant's principles; Lack of seriousness in the attitude of victorious countries to the creation of a Europe which will be sterile to Bolshevism; Need for an international organization by which the world can be administered into an era of stability.

Speculates on the type of loan to be granted to the ruling French government in Germany by rest of European powers and the U.S. Justification given on the chimerical nature of the loan. Statistics on outstanding loans made by British investors in foreign countries under the British Empire; Implications associated with subscription of half of the amount of loan suggested, to Germany to the lender and the borrower of the loan; Reasons associated with the difficulty of floating loans in New York City.

Presents an update on recent political and social events in the U.S. and the world. Conditions in Europe after completion of five years of the First World War with Germany being curbed by France is on the verge of political and economic collapse; Tactics adopted by French Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré to escape from an awkward predicament of attending the conference to discuss the debt crisis in Europe with Great Britain and the U.S. by placing unacceptable conditions for his attendance; Reply to the questions on the closeness of nations placed by the New York World; Account of unaltered views of former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson on world politics; Comment on the recommendations by U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Andrew William Mellon.

The article presents information on the book "Reconstruction," by S.D. Whelpley. Whelpley dwells upon the vast mountain of public debt under which the Allied powers are struggling and thinks that, with the exception of Great Britain, the only escape is in abandoning the pretense of paying these great sums and in reducing the cost of government establishments. In spite of the physical recovery of Europe the trade of the world is less than in 1914, due to the lessened purchasing power of millions of people and to an increased industrial nationalism.

The article discusses the state of the global economy as of the third quarter of 1926 including the performance of mid-summer business, security markets and bond markets. Also discussed are the prices of agricultural produce like grain, cotton and wheat. The economic conditions in European countries are also noted such as the French government's borrowing from the Bank of France and the rising unemployment rate in Great Britain.

This section offers international business and political news briefs as of April 15, 1927. Topics discussed include Chinese Nationalists' entry into the wealthy and foreign commercial sections around Shanghai, disputes between Nicaragua's two presidential parties, and the expansion of British railway revenues. Also mentioned are improvements in French foreign trade, the German Reichsbank's increase of its gold holdings, and the firmness of the Italian lira.

The article reports on the decline in U.S. foreign trade, as of June 1928. It presents an analysis of the U.S. foreign trade position as indicated in the nation's imports and exports and the need to use exceptional care in scrutinizing the divergent conditions in certain crucial markets to maintain a satisfactory level in overseas economic efforts for 1928. It also provides an update on the foreign trade situation in Europe, Great Britain, Latin America, and the Far East.

The article provides a survey of business conditions in different countries in the world as of April 1932. A state of suspense prevails in Europe with Germany and France awaiting election results. Stern budget is said to be disappointing in Great Britain although business tone continues to be good with government adopting a new exchange policy to protect the sterling. Japanese business expectations are cited taking into consideration aid to farmers and stabilization of exchange.

The article presents an update of business activities in Europe as of August 12, 1933. According to the article, European business registered slow improvement, stock markets were as active and commodities recovered from losses. It notes that the heat wave and coming holiday season benefited British railroads, resort hotels and concessionaires. In France, the investing public took longer than a month to subscribe to its government's 10-year treasury bond offering.

The article discusses the latest business and political developments in Great Britain as of April 28, 1934. It examines the political program of the national government including the improved defences against the possibility of war in Europe, the revitalization of the agriculture sector and advancement of the housing programs. The state of the country's iron and steel sector is also examined.

At the outbreak of the war the U.S. President called upon every U.S. citizen, in the interest of keeping this country at peace and out of the European disaster, to be neutral in thought and deed. Most patriotic citizens endeavored to live up to that Presidential counsel. Many besides members of J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. did not. Like the Morgans they were on the side of England by tradition, inheritance, taste, and business and other associations. Mr. J.P. Morgan owned a great deal of property there, and his banking house in London was, and is, a most influential British institution.

Focuses on political conditions in Great Britain, while discussing its foreign policy. Reason behind Britain's support of the Covenant; Comments on British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin's election campaign pledges; Compromise expected from the British government in the Italian-Ethiopian war; Discussion of the British policy in Europe; Anxiety of the German government regarding British friendship.

The article looks at the possibility that Germany will devalue the mark in 1936. Germany is said to be unlikely to devalue the mark unless its creditors will reduce its foreign obligations and interest charges. It is emphasized that the gold reserve of Germany to back its currency is only worth 28,000,000 U.S. dollars. The role being played by European countries particularly Great Britain and the Soviet Union in the strategy of Germany is explained.

Reports on the Nazi propaganda against Czechoslovakia that it is assisting communist activities and is giving land support to the Soviet Union so that the Soviet aviators can launch a large scale offensive against the Germans. Denial of the accusations of the Germans by Czechoslovakia president Edvard Benes; Account of preparations by German dictator Adolf Hitler on world level to launch a large scale armed conflict against Bolshevism leading to a direct war with Czechoslovakia; Apprehensions among Czechoslovaks on unwillingness of Great Britain to involve itself in the war to defend Europe; Course of developments that might favor the Germans to go according to their intentions regarding Czechoslovakia.

Focuses on the negotiation between Lord Halifax of England and German dictator Adolf Hitler. Problem of the claim for the restoration of colonies by Germany; Effect of the negotiation with European politics; Return of Germany to the League of Nations.

Comments on the announcement by the Foreign Secretary that Great Britain has no commitments in Central Europe and no obligations to come to the defense of the Republic. Decision of the British Cabinet aid Brussels and Paris; Sabotage of every effort to prevent or frustrate Fascist agression by the Tory leaders of Britain's National Government; Organization of London Non-Intervention Committee to prevent Madrid from purchasing arms for defense against fascism.

Focuses on prevalent scenario in Great Britain amidst growing political presence of Germany in various countries of Europe. Questions asked by U.S. visitors to Great Britain on the censorship of films and on editing of foreign publications like "Time"; Comment on diplomatic pressure from Germany on the press of various European countries to desist from printing anti-Nazi material with speculations on possible impact on Great Britain; Structure of commercial press in Great Britain; Potency of British laws against libel; Constituents of Incitement to Disaffection Bill.

Features the rise of dictatorship in Europe with emphasis on German dictator Adolf Hitler. Role of European democracy in the formation of policies that will stop the rise of dictators; Negotiations made between British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and Hitler fall apart because of the lack of faith; Moves made by Hitler as he perpetuates his plan of German expansion; Agreement made between Hitler and Rumanian authorities that Rumania will provide him wheat and oil in return for safety and protection from external invasions; Description of fascist dictator Benito Mussolini.

Focuses on chances associated with an alliance between the Soviet Union and Great Britain to counter German invasion. Obstacle associated with the possible alliance; Agreement of professor Frederick L. Schuman with the delegates of the Soviet Union in regard to the intentions of Great Britain to keep the Soviet Union and Germany antagonistic; Comment on the vagaries linked with the British foreign policy regarding probable war with Germany.

One of the few encouraging facts about the war situation is that here in England one finds universal recognition of the fact that if the Allies win there must be a new order and collective security in Europe if the Continent's civilization is to survive. Here there continues to be a great deal of favorable discussion of Clarence Streit's plan for the federalization of Europe. It is admitted that the League of Nations is dead save for its Labor Office and its humanitarian activities. So the solution is rightly sought in a new machinery which will avoid the errors of the League, foredoomed to failure as it was by being tied up to that body of death, the treaty of Versailles.

This article focuses on political conditions around the world during the second world war. The French army, broken into four fragments, is still fighting. The dictators' immediate concern is to get France completely out of the war in order to concentrate all their forces for a rapid conquest of Great Britain. That achieved, they can revise their conditions without interference. In an effort to save some children at least, from the Nazi juggernaut an organization known as "Save Europe's Children" was formed in Washington last week under the leadership of Secretary Harold Ickes.

With the conquest of Greece, the German Chancellor, Adolf Hitler has achieved three objectives. He has ousted Great Britain from its last toehold on the mainland of Europe, excluding Gibralter; he has rescued his Italian partner from an extremely embarrassing situation; and he has considerably improved the strategic position of the Axis in relation to the vital British base in Egypt. There are, of course, several major obstacles 'to be overcome' before the Germans can strike at Suez with any assurance of success. Between Greece and Alexandria there is a wide stretch of water where the British navy remains dominant, even though its advanced base in Crete is now exposed to bombing attacks.

Focuses on a conference that was held in London, England, which dealt with the working conditions of laborers in a munition plant in Great Britain, necessary aid to Soviet Union and opening of a second front in Western Europe. Information on the bureaucrats of the national trade unions, who are always workers rivals and incline to radicalism; Suggestion regarding the opening of a second front in Western Europe and for the admission of more women into, the munitions factories; Statement that the North French coast has been fortified by the Germans, while the Royal Air Force has battered the ports which British shipping would have to use; View of the Labor Party on giving aid to the Soviet Union; Fact that the chief objection raised against an expedition is that the prime duty of the army is to ward off, invasion; Report that the British army would collapse in a month sprang rather from prejudice than from ignorance.

Queen Victoria, when some jesting at her table touched on the things sacred to Victorianism, produced the crushing comeback, "We are not amused." The British people are no longer Victorian; it would not be possible today to name the things they hold sacred or to say definitely that there are any such things. Yet people are still capable of being shocked. When the full meaning of an Admiral's appointment, and the consequences likely to occur in Italy and the rest of Europe, became clear to the British people, they were — to use the old Victorian word — flabbergasted. And very little in the way of visible reaction to this appointment has become obvious.

Focuses on the thinking process in Great Britain and how it is different under Nazi rule, where people cannot afford the luxury of thinking. Reaction of the conservative and reactionary forces against the new process; Efforts of the government to take up issues held by private groups and disinterested bodies; Suggestion on holding town meetings everywhere in conquered or liberated territories, allowing the people to choose their own representatives for purposes of local government; Proposal to start a "European movement," an organization which would be pledged to consider every question affecting Europe.

Focuses on plans of European invasion formulated by Great Britain, during the World War II. Need of the second-front campaign to invade Europe; Statement that Great Britain alone cannot invade Europe; Need of a definite military strategy for the invasion; Statement of British statesman Winston Churchill that absolutely essential condition for a British invasion of Europe was always to have been that Russia and the United States must join with England; Argument that British military had compelled Germany to attack the Soviet Union; Demand of Soviet Communists for an immediate second front; Risks involved in those second!front campaigns; Refusal of liberals to support second-front campaign because they were afraid of Soviet predominance in Europe; Opposition to the invasion of Europe in the U.S.; Statement of U.S. Senators that Japan should be attacked first; Support of the American public to the British invasion on Europe, due to the fear of Russian predominance in Europe.

This article focuses on the political developments in Great Britain. The British Labor Party will hold its annual conference in December, and until then there will be continuous discussion as to the policy the party should adopt. This is a question which affects not only the British but progressive elements everywhere, for the entire democratic future of Europe may be determined by the stand British Labor takes. It is the only force in Great Britain capable of opposing the reactionary - tendencies of the English Conservatives.

Rushing across Europe, the comet-like Harry Hopkins left a glittering wake of speculation before he vanished behind the overcast of censorship which hides the deliberations of the Big Three, that is, Soviet Union, Great Britain and the U.S. Reports arriving from these three countries suggests a new and firmer American policy in Europe. It is hoped that the U.S. Senate Military Affairs Committee will not let itself be stampeded into passing the May-Bailey work-or-fight bill without full hearings, and it is hoped that the committee will amend the bill to increase the powers of the War Manpower Commission and the Office of War Mobilization.

In 1942 civil war could have been avoided. It was still possible to reorient Allied policy so as to secure a democratic victory without obliging the left to launch a new kind of war against fascism as soon as the military war should have ended. The Western Allies did not want it that way. They did not want a victory of the people. So far as the British government was concerned, its attitude was, deliberately counter-revolutionary. On the part of the people of the U.S. it was, rather, a lack of understanding of Europe and a still greater determination to ignore the true character of fascism.

Presents information on the socio-political conditions in the world. Reference to the voting of the longest recess by the senate; Description of the political and public reaction on the issue of Potsdam Declaration; Statement that Labor's victory in Great Britain is affecting Congress; Reference to the decision by liberal Democratic senators to hold a protest meeting on delayed reconversion legislation; Acknowledgement of the relief extended to Europe by private groups; Optimism over quick ending of the Japanese war.

The article reports on the movements in the stock markets. Factors responsible for the market losses are discussed including the market's weak technical position, the sizable liquidation program by traders, and the growing apprehension over the economic future of Great Britain and Europe. Possibilities of a bull market is justified in terms of the little letup in incoming orders, strong commodity prices, and continued American economic aid. Bull market in 1942-1946 is examined in comparison with the bull market of 1929.

The article presents recent developments around the world related to various issues. The U.S. Secretary of State, George C. Marshall recently made a statement in which he challenged all who cling to a policy of drift in the face of Europe's economic crisis. The survival of Spain's dictator, Francisco Franco and his Fascist regime two years after the war's end is an arrogant challenge to the United Nations Assembly which convenes this week. The communal riots in India continue to engage the attention of the governments of India and Pakistan. The latest British by-election, in the edge Hill district of Liverpool, England, it has been said that this was real test of the Labor government's hold and popular support and that the Labor Party had a hard fight on his hands.

The article focuses on the outlook for U.S. foreign policy. U.S. position for a Pacific Union is explained in relation to priority given to Europe. Decisions subsequent to the release of the China White Paper are presented together with suggestions from Great Britain for order in Southeast Asia. Plans of the International Monetary Fund to restore drawing rights to Marshall Plan countries are examined as well as the signs of solid prosperity in France. The effect of the Commonwealth agreement on trade between India and Great Britain are also evaluated.

This article focuses on the ideological crisis faced by Western Europe, and the threatened disappearance of the so-called Third Force. The "Third Force" has been much discussed as an ideological, a political, and a military concept. There was a time-about three or four years ago when one frequently heard it said that Western Europe, under the inspiration of the Labor Party of Great Britain, would develop a social and ideological system of its own which would be different from both American capitalism and Soviet communism. The military, or geographical, Third Force was the brain-child of French political thinkers. But, long before the signing of the Atlantic Pact, which finally turned Western Europe into part of the American military sphere, this concept of the Third Force went up in smoke.

This article focuses on the unification of Western Europe. There is no doubt about it that Western Europe is "unified" only by the Atlantic Pact and anti-communism. If there was no united Western Europe, it was the fault of the British Labor Party, which was the most powerful "Third Force" party in Europe and could have taken the lead. Instead, it did nothing about Europe and was concerned only about two things: the success of its economic experiment within Great Britain and its relations with the U.S. Everything now suggests that, far from supporting the Third Force, the U.S. is supporting the right. Yet at least until recently the Labor Party persisted in believing in some invisible leftward trend in the U.S., and thought that real Social Democracy would materialize much sooner in the U.S. than, say, in Italy.

The article says that it was a shock to read the latest issue of the quarterly Bulletin of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe that the rate of industrial production declined in most European countries during the third quarter of 1949. Only in Socialist Britain was wholly satisfactory progress registered. In France there was a reversal of the upward trend noted earlier in the year and in Belgium both light and heavy industry suffered a setback. Western Germany and Italy, the report adds, made little or no progress. The increase in industrial production in Great Britain was due only to a slight extent to the employment of larger numbers, for Britain has had practically full employment for the last three years and its working population is growing very slowly.

The article assesses the strength and readiness of the Spanish armed forces under the regime of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco in 1951. France and Great Britain have acknowledged the importance of the Spanish army in countering the expansion of Communism in Europe. The inability of the Spanish army to enhance its military equipment is cited as its weakness. The Spanish navy also lacks modern communication equipment.

The article reports on the outlook of U.S. relations with other countries in 1952. The British government is planning a bid to the U.S. government for new policies to strengthen the Atlantic alliance. Decision is being awaited on the plan for a joint European army. U.S. allies are said to have expressed concern over U.S. leadership of the Western alliance.