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2. The Changing Nature and Role of Vocational Education and Training in Europe. Volume 5: Education and Labour Market Outcomes for Graduates from Different Types of VET System in Europe. Cedefop Research Paper. No 69
- Author
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Department for VET Systems and Institutions (DSI)
- Abstract
This research paper is the fifth in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). Based on comparative analysis of labour force survey data from 2014, the report analyses the vocational effect on labour market and education outcomes, asking whether any advantages conferred by vocational qualifications in early career would be offset by disadvantages later in life. The report explores the functioning of the safety net and the diversion effects across countries, demonstrating how these vary considerably with the specific institutional structure of schooling and work-based training. The results indicate that VET graduates are potentially sacrificing the longer-term gains associated with further education in favour of short-term benefits. [This research was carried out by a consortium led by 3s Unternehmensberatung GmbH and including the Danish Technological Institute, the Institute of Employment Research (University of Warwick), the Institute of International and Social Studies (Tallinn University) and Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini. The Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) in Germany is supporting the project as a subcontractor.]
- Published
- 2018
3. The Impact of Emerging Technology in Physics over the Past Three Decades
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Binar Kurnia Prahani, Hanandita Veda Saphira, Budi Jatmiko, Suryanti, and Tan Amelia
- Abstract
As humanity reaches the 5.0 industrial revolution, education plays a critical role in boosting the quality of human resources. This paper reports bibliometric research on emerging TiP during 1993-2022 in the educational field to analyse its development on any level of education during the last three decades. This study employed a Scopus database. The findings are that the trend of TiP publication in educational fields has tended to increase every year during the past three decades and conference paper became the most published document type, the USA is the country which produces the most publications; "Students" being the most occurrences keyword and total link strength. The publication of the TiP is ranked to the Quartile 1, which implies that a publication with the cited performance is a publication with credibility because the publisher has a good reputation. Researchers can find the topics most relevant to other metadata sources such as Web of Science, Publish, and Perish.
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- 2024
4. European Identity Constructions in Public Debates on Wars and Military Interventions.
- Author
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Biegoń, Dominika
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INTERVENTION (International law) ,GEMEINSCHAFT & Gesellschaft (Sociology) ,EUROPEAN politics & government, 1989- ,DEFENSIVE (Military science) - Abstract
Drawing on the classical distinction between community (Gemeinschaft) and society (Gesellschaft) by Tönnies (1963) and the related analytical distinction between strong and weak forms of collective identities, this paper analyses European identity constructions in 'future-of-Europe'-debates on war and military interventions in German, British and Polish mass media between 1990-2006. Based on a discourse analytical framework the empirical analysis scrutinises the ways in which the European Union (EU) is represented as a distinct political space. The paper illustrates that discursive constructions of the EU as a cooperative enterprise - a political entity mainly constituted by the self-interest of its members - and as a community with a shared ethical self-understanding occur almost equally frequent in all of the three analysed public debates. Yet, there are considerable national differences with respect to the exact arguments that are employed to construct these two larger discursive dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
5. Immigrant Minority Languages and Multilingual Education in Europe: A Literature Review
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Elizabeth Pérez-Izaguirre, Gorka Roman, and María Orcasitas-Vicandi
- Abstract
Immigrant minority (IM) languages have a significant presence in certain European regions. Nonetheless, these languages are not usually included in the school curriculum. This paper aims to analyse the studies published between 2010 and 2020 considering IM languages in multilingual European education contexts. The method included a search of academic papers published in the databases ERIC, Web of Science and Scopus, which yielded 42 studies. The studies were analysed by considering: (1) the demographic characteristics of the countries where the studies were conducted, (2) the sociolinguistic or psycholinguistic focus of the papers in relation to the European country, and (3) the characteristics of the bi-multilingual education programme including IM languages. The results indicate that: (1) the demographic characteristics of the country are not strictly related to the number of studies published, (2) most studies have a sociolinguistic approach even though many studies analyse both sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic factors, and (3) only seven multilingual education programmes including IM languages were described in these papers. We conclude that there is a lack of research focusing on IM languages in educational settings and discuss how addressing these gaps could create opportunities for building equitable multilingual communities in Europe.
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- 2024
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6. 'I like money, I like many things'. The relationship between drugs and crime from the perspective of young people in contact with criminal justice systems.
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Rolando, Sara, Asmussen Frank, Vibeke, Duke, Karen, Kahlert, Rahel, Pisarska, Agnieszka, Graf, Niels, and Beccaria, Franca
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SUBSTANCE abuse ,CROSS-sectional method ,CRIME ,CRIMINALS ,INTERVIEWING ,SOCIAL isolation ,JUVENILE offenders ,CRIMINAL justice system ,DRUG abusers ,ADULTS ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Based on research undertaken as part of the EU funded EPPIC project, this paper aims to update and elaborate on the relationship between drug use and offending behaviours by exploring variations within a cross-national sample of drug-experienced young people in touch with criminal justice systems. Adopting a trajectory-based approach, interviews were undertaken with 198 young people aged 15–25 in six European countries (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland, and UK). Data were analysed by applying the Bennett and Holloway categorization of the drugs-crime link, with a focus on the concept of social exclusion as developed by Seddon. Three main types of mechanisms (economic, pharmaceutical, and lifestyles) are used to interpret the data, showing how the relationship between drugs and offending can vary according to type of substances and over time. Furthermore, it can be associated with very different degrees of social exclusion and needs. The results suggest that while economic inequalities still play key roles in explaining drug use and offending, both behaviours can originate from a state of relative deprivation, resulting from the contradictions inherent in 'bulimic societies' that raise aspirations and desires while providing young people scarce opportunities for self-realisation and social recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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7. INTERCULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN KNOWLEDGE TRANSFERS IN THE CONTEXT OF GENERATIONAL CHANGE OF SMES IN GERMANY, UK AND ITALY.
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FINKBEINER, PATRIC
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KNOWLEDGE transfer ,SMALL business ,GENERATIONS ,INTERGENERATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper discusses why there is a need for a more profound analysis of the European SMEs in the context of knowledge transfer within the state of generational change of the managing board. This paper forms basis for a doctoral thesis on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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8. Therapeutic index for local infections score (TILI): a new diagnostic tool.
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Dissemond, Joachim and Gerber, Veronika
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ALLIED health personnel ,BACTERICIDES ,PREVENTION of communicable diseases ,CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,DERMATOLOGISTS ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,HEALTH care teams ,RESEARCH methodology ,SURGEONS ,SURGICAL site infections ,WOUND healing ,WOUND infections ,WOUND care ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,EARLY diagnosis ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Objective: Local wound infections are a major challenge for patients and health professionals. Various diagnostic and therapeutic options are available. However, a generally accepted standard is still lacking in Europe. The aim was to develop an easy-to-use clinical score for the early detection of local wound infections, as a basis for decisionmaking on antiseptic therapy or decolonisation. Method: An interdisciplinary and interprofessional panel of experts from seven European countries was brought together to discuss the various aspects of diagnosing local wound infections. Results: The result was the adoption of the Therapeutic Index for Local Infections (TILI) score, developed in Germany by Initiative Chronische Wunden e.V., specifically for health professionals not specialised in wound care. Available in six European languages, the TILI score could also be adapted for different European countries, depending on their specific national healthcare requirements. The six clinical criteria for local wound infection are erythema to surrounding skin; heat; oedema, induration or swelling; spontaneous pain or pressure pain; stalled wound healing; and increase and/or change in colour or smell of exudate. Meeting all criteria indicates that antiseptic wound therapy could be started. Regardless of these unspecific clinical signs, there are also health conditions for the clinical situation which are a direct indication for antimicrobial wound therapy. These include the presence of wound pathogens, such as meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, septic surgical wound or the presence of free pus. Conclusion: The development of the new internationally adapted TILI score, which could also be used by any caregiver in daily practice to diagnose local infections in acute and hard-to-heal wounds, is the result of expert consensus. However, the score system has to be validated through a clinical evaluation. This is to be performed in expert centres throughout Europe. Declaration of interest: JD has received research support, lecture fees and travel-cost reimbursements from 4M, Coloplast, Convatec, Draco, Engelhardt, Paul Hartmann, KCI, Lohmann&Rauscher, Mölnlycke, SastoMed and Urgo. RL has received research support, lecture fees and travel-cost reimbursements from Mölnlycke and Urgo. AK has received research support, lecture fees and travel-cost reimbursements from 3M, B. Braun Melsungen, Bode/Paul Hartmann, Ethicon, Lohmann&Rauscher, Mundipharma, Oculus, SastoMed Schülke&Mayr, SERAG-WIESSNER and Urgo. JVS has received research support, lecture fees and travel-cost reimbursements from Mundipharma, Histocell, Quesper and Urgo. This work was supported by an unlimited grant from Urgo Medical. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Urgo Medical. The company had no direct influence on the content of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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9. The Press in Britain.
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Martin, Kingsley
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PRESS & politics ,PRESS & propaganda ,FREEDOM of information ,MOTION picture censorship ,PERIODICALS - Abstract
Focuses on prevalent scenario in Great Britain amidst growing political presence of Germany in various countries of Europe. Questions asked by U.S. visitors to Great Britain on the censorship of films and on editing of foreign publications like "Time"; Comment on diplomatic pressure from Germany on the press of various European countries to desist from printing anti-Nazi material with speculations on possible impact on Great Britain; Structure of commercial press in Great Britain; Potency of British laws against libel; Constituents of Incitement to Disaffection Bill.
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- 1939
10. Resonance and reach: discussions on racism between the UK and Germany from the late 1970s.
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Bojadžijev, Manuela
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RACISM ,ANTI-racism ,MARXIST philosophy ,HISTORY of capitalism ,CULTURAL studies ,IDEOLOGY ,NEW left (Politics) ,RACE & society ,HISTORY ,HISTORY of racism - Abstract
In this paper I investigate the resonance of the volumeThe Empire Strikes Backwithin the debates on racism in Germany since the late 1970s. I am interested in this long-term intellectual exchange in light of the current need to conceptualize racism in a European framework and thereby reflect upon the characteristics, concepts and possibilities of such a framework. I begin by situating the debate at that time within the context of the New Left. What connected both situations, in Germany and the UK, was an inscription of the then-ongoing anti-colonial and decolonial struggles of the South in the North, not least through the ‘retaliatory effect’ of migration movements and struggles of migration arriving in Europe. I argue that the understandings of racism and anti-racism are grounded in a materialist framework and that the concept of articulation helped and continues to help thinking the complexity and heterogeneity of the social. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2014
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11. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.
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McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam CSP, Lyon AR, McMurray JJV, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano GMC, Ruschitzka F, and Kathrine Skibelund A
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- Bayes Theorem, Chronic Disease, Europe, France, Germany, Humans, Italy, United Kingdom, United States, Cardiology, Heart Failure diagnosis, Heart Failure therapy
- Abstract
Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Coordinator) (Netherlands), P. Christian Schulze (CPG Review Coordinator) (Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt), Victor Aboyans (France), Stamatis Adamopoulos (Greece), Stefan D. Anker (Germany), Elena Arbelo (Spain), Riccardo Asteggiano (Italy), Johann Bauersachs (Germany), Antoni Bayes-Genis (Spain), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Werner Budts (Belgium), Maja Cikes (Croatia), Kevin Damman (Netherlands), Victoria Delgado (Netherlands), Paul Dendale (Belgium), Polychronis Dilaveris (Greece), Heinz Drexel (Austria), Justin Ezekowitz (Canada), Volkmar Falk (Germany), Laurent Fauchier (France), Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece), Alan Fraser (United Kingdom), Norbert Frey (Germany), Chris P. Gale (United Kingdom), Finn Gustafsson (Denmark), Julie Harris (United Kingdom), Bernard Iung (France), Stefan Janssens (Belgium), Mariell Jessup (United States of America), Aleksandra Konradi (Russia), Dipak Kotecha (United Kingdom), Ekaterini Lambrinou (Cyprus), Patrizio Lancellotti (Belgium), Ulf Landmesser (Germany), Christophe Leclercq (France), Basil S. Lewis (Israel), Francisco Leyva (United Kingdom), AleVs Linhart (Czech Republic), Maja-Lisa Løchen (Norway), Lars H. Lund (Sweden), Donna Mancini (United States of America), Josep Masip (Spain), Davor Milicic (Croatia), Christian Mueller (Switzerland), Holger Nef (Germany), Jens-Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Lis Neubeck (United Kingdom), Michel Noutsias (Germany), Steffen E. Petersen (United Kingdom), Anna Sonia Petronio (Italy), Piotr Ponikowski (Poland), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Amina Rakisheva (Kazakhstan), Dimitrios J. Richter (Greece), Evgeny Schlyakhto (Russia), Petar Seferovic (Serbia), Michele Senni (Italy), Marta Sitges (Spain), Miguel Sousa-Uva (Portugal), Carlo G. Tocchetti (Italy), Rhian M. Touyz (United Kingdom), Carsten Tschoepe (Germany), Johannes Waltenberger (Germany/Switzerland) All experts involved in the development of these guidelines have submitted declarations of interest. These have been compiled in a report and published in a supplementary document simultaneously to the guidelines. The report is also available on the ESC website www.escardio.org/guidelines For the Supplementary Data which include background information and detailed discussion of the data that have provided the basis for the guidelines see European Heart Journal online., (© 2022 European Society of Cardiology This article has been co-published with permission in European Heart Journal (published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Cardiology) and European Journal of Heart Failure (published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology).)
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- 2022
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12. Challenges in heart failure care in four European countries: a comparative study.
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Steiner, Bianca, Neumann, Anne, Pelz, Yannick, Ski, Chantal F, Hill, Loreena, Thompson, David R, Fitzsimons, Donna, Dixon, Lana J, Brandts, Julia, Verket, Marlo, Schütt, Katharina, Eurlings, Casper G M J, Boyne, Josiane J J, Gingele, Arno J, Maesschalck, Lieven De, Murphy, Marguerite, Luz, Ermelinda Furtado da, Barrett, Matthew, Windle, Karen, and Hoedemakers, Thom
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HEART failure treatment ,HEALTH services accessibility ,RESEARCH methodology ,SELF-management (Psychology) ,MEDICAL care ,POPULATION geography ,INTERVIEWING ,ACQUISITION of data ,COMPARATIVE studies ,MEDICAL care research ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,MEDICAL records ,MEDICAL informatics ,HEART failure - Abstract
Background In Europe, more than 15 million people live with heart failure (HF). It imposes an enormous social, organizational and economic burden. As a reaction to impending impact on healthcare provision, different country-specific structures for HF-care have been established. The aim of this report is to provide an overview and compare the HF-care approaches of Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and the UK, and to open the possibility of learning from each other's experience. Methods A mixed methods approach was implemented that included a literature analysis, interviews and questionnaires with HF-patients and caregivers, and expert interviews with representatives from healthcare, health service research and medical informatics. Results The models of HF-care in all countries analyzed are based on the European Society of Cardiology guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of HF. Even though the HF-models differed in design and implementation in practice, key challenges were similar: (i) unequal distribution of care between urban and rural areas, (ii) long waiting times, (iii) unequal access to and provision of healthcare services, (iv) information and communication gaps and (v) inadequate implementation and financing of digital applications. Conclusion Although promising approaches exist to structure and improve HF-care, across the four countries, implementation was reluctant to embrace novel methods. A lack of financial resources and insufficient digitalization making it difficult to adopt new concepts. Integration of HF-nurses seems to be an effective way of improving current models of HF-care. Digital solutions offer further opportunities to overcome communication and coordination gaps and to strengthen self-management skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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13. Intercultural education of nurses and health professionals in Europe (IENE).
- Author
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Taylor, G., Papadopoulos, I., Dudau, V., Maerten, M., Peltegova, A., and Ziegler, M.
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MEDICAL education ,PHILOSOPHY of education ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,NEEDS assessment ,NURSING education ,CULTURAL pluralism ,RESEARCH funding ,QUALITATIVE research ,CULTURAL awareness ,CULTURAL competence - Abstract
TAYLOR G., PAPADOPOULOS I., DUDAU V., MAERTEN M., PELTEGOVA A. & ZIEGLER M. (2011) Intercultural education of nurses and health professionals in Europe (IENE). International Nursing Review, 188-195 This paper presents the results of a needs analysis carried out during a 2-year European Union-funded project titled 'Intercultural education of nurses and health professionals in Europe'. The study aimed to explore the perceived learning and teaching needs of students and practitioners of health-care professions in relation to preparation for working in another European country and/or in a multicultural environment. The participating countries were: Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Romania and the UK. Questionnaires, consisting of open questions, were completed by a total of 118 participants. Data analysis adopted both a priori and inductive approaches. The predetermined constructs of cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity and cultural competence were used to structure suggestions for theoretical input and practical activities and experiences. Inductive analysis revealed other emergent themes that underpin all four of these constructs. Practical experiences form a fundamental part of preparation for labour mobility and/or for practice within a multicultural environment. However, health-care practitioners need to be adequately prepared for such experiences and value the opportunity to learn about culture, to explore values and beliefs, and to practise intercultural skills within the safe environment of an educational establishment, facilitated by skilled teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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14. Turkey on the European doorstep: British and German debates about Turkey in the European Communities.
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Jochen Walter and Mathias Albert
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INTERNATIONAL relations ,RESEARCH methodology ,EMPIRICAL research ,DEBATE ,DISCOURSE analysis ,EUROPEAN communities ,BRITISH foreign relations ,GERMANY-Turkey relations - Abstract
This paper seeks to provide a historically informed analysis of Europe, understood as an ‘essentially contested concept’, whereby Turkey is interpreted as a critical point of reference that evokes different discursive constructions of Europe, either including or excluding Turkey. At first, the theoretical-methodological section of this paper will introduce a discourse analytical research programme which utilizes the radically constructivist notion of communication as formulated by Niklas Luhmann in order to analyze the processes of inclusion and exclusion built into various constructions of Europe. Then, the empirical section of this paper analyzes more than 40 years of British and German news coverage (1960–2004). One of the main empirical findings is that Turkey is neither seen as a stable European ‘Other’ nor as a European ‘Self’. Instead, Turkey is predominantly interpreted as ‘the thing on the (European) doorstep’, thereby stimulating various differing constructions of Europe.Journal of International Relations and Development (2009) 12, 223–250. doi:10.1057/jird.2009.13 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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15. Cross-national comparative research and teenage pregnancy: Reply to Franz and colleagues.
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ARAI, LISA
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TEENAGE pregnancy ,CHILDBIRTH ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SEX education - Abstract
The author presents a response to a comment by Anke Franz and colleagues on her article "British Policy on Teenage Pregnancy and Childbearing: The Limitations of Comparisons With Other European Countries." Franz and colleagues observes that comparative research can be advantageous and that sexual openness and sex education are important determinants of teenage pregnancy. It compares Great Britain with Germany and other European countries in terms of fertility culture, income inequality and youth transitions.
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- 2009
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16. Reservation wage levels in UK and German financial services sectors.
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Watson, Duncan and Webb, Robert
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FINANCIAL services industry ,WAGES ,MACROECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC conditions in Europe, 1945- ,FINANCE - Abstract
Although expenditure on wages represents a major element of costs in financial services firms, there is a dearth of studies analysing wage levels in the sector. This paper examines reservation wage levels in the sector by utilising maximum likelihood selection and stochastic frontier methodologies in two leading European economies: UK and Germany. Our results show that wage achievement is higher in the UK than Germany. At first glance, this seems counter-intuitive, given that actual wage costs and the overall cost-income ratio is higher in Germany than the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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17. Religious Institutions, Church-State History and Muslim Mobilisation in Britain, France and Germany.
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Soper, J. Christopher and Fetzer, JoelS.
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ISLAM & state ,ISLAM ,MUSLIMS in non-Islamic countries ,RELIGIOUS tolerance ,CHURCH & state ,SOCIAL policy ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
With more than 10 million Muslims living in Western Europe, states are struggling to accommodate the religious needs of Muslims in state-supported institutions. Such issues include whether to fund separate Islamic schools and how or whether to teach Islam in state-supported schools. Despite these common concerns, national governments vary widely in their response to the religious needs and practices of Muslim citizens and permanent residents. This paper looks at how Britain, France and Germany have resolved these issues. We explore how pre-existing Church-State practices and institutional arrangements structured the politics of state accommodation of Muslims' religious needs in each country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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18. Migration Policies and Political Cultures in Europe: A Changing Trend*.
- Author
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Melotti, Umberto
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EMIGRATION & immigration ,POLITICAL culture ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
This paper discusses the relationships between the migratory policies of the EU countries with more experience of immigration and their national political cultures. It focuses on France, Germany and the United Kingdom. It then looks at Italy, a relatively new country of immigration, which, with 3,000,000 legal immigrants, has become the fourth country of immigration in Europe and the first in the Mediterranean basin. In its final part it highlights the incipient process of 'communitarisation' of the immigration policies of EU countries in the last decade. This process, which has already entailed a significant convergence of their migratory policies, is expected to continue after the recent enlargement of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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19. Youth Unemployment: Individual Risk Factors and Institutional Determinants. A Case Study of Germany and the United Kingdom.
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Isengard, Bettina
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YOUTH employment ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,YOUTH - Abstract
This paper deals with youth unemployment trends in Europe since the mid-1980s in general, and regards individual risk factors in the mid-1990s for Germany and the United Kingdom in particular. The study of the two selected countries shows that the individual risk of (long-term) unemployment is not equally high for all young people, but rather depends on various socioeconomic and structural factors like gender, education, nationality and region of residence. The individual level of education is an important determinant of occupational success, while the country-specific organization of educational systems and labour market institutions also affects different occupational outcomes. In addition, the welfare state structures and policies may determine labour market outcomes. Germany and the United Kingdom responded to the increasing problems of youth unemployment with the active labour market programs 'JUMP' and 'New Deal for Young People'; the concepts and results of these are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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20. 'Competence' and Occupational Standards: Observations from Six European Countries
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Lester, Stan and Religa, Jolanta
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the use of "competence" as a concept and through the use of occupational competence standards in six European countries. Design/methodology/approach: Partners in an Erasmus+ project in each of the six countries prepared a review of the use of "competence" in their countries using a common template. The authors of this paper reviewed additional literature, summarised the individual country reviews and provided an analysis and commentary. Findings: "Competence" is becoming a widely used concept across Europe, but its interpretation and application both vary. Between them, the countries in the study illustrate the use of separate occupational standards, both as a national strategy and developed by self-governing professions; as well as competence embedded directly in qualification and training specifications. The use of separate standards as a mandatory component in national vocational education and training systems is questioned, while the use of appropriate standards for licensing and qualified status is largely endorsed. Research limitations/implications: The country reviews were conducted principally from the perspective of informing the developments taking place in the project, so were not comprehensive and also differed in emphasis between countries. Practical implications: The study points to the need to avoid promoting any particular model of occupational competence at a European level, as opposed to seeking common ground that will aid mutual recognition of qualifications. It also cautions against the uncritical transfer of models and policies from one national system to another. Originality/value: The paper provides additional evidence against "policy borrowing" without careful consideration of context, and contrasts the use of competence standards as part of a system-wide strategy with their tailored application for specific purposes.
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- 2017
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21. Designing and Implementing Virtual Exchange -- A Collection of Case Studies
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Research-publishing.net (France), Helm, Francesca, Beaven, Ana, Helm, Francesca, Beaven, Ana, and Research-publishing.net (France)
- Abstract
Virtual exchange is gaining popularity in formal and non-formal education, partly as a means to internationalise the curriculum, and also to offer more sustainable and inclusive international and intercultural experiences to young people around the world. This volume brings together 19 case studies (17 in higher education and two in youth work) of virtual exchange projects in Europe and the South Mediterranean region. They span across a range of disciplines, from STEM to business, tourism, and languages, and are presented as real-life pedagogical practices that can be of interest to educators looking for ideas and inspiration. [This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2020
22. Burden of comorbid conditions in children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a collaborative analysis of 3 JIA registries.
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Kearsley-Fleet, Lianne, Klotsche, Jens, Straalen, Joeri W van, Costello, Wendy, D'Angelo, Gianfranco, Giancane, Gabriella, Horneff, Gerd, Klein, Ariane, Láday, Matilda, Lunt, Mark, Roock, Sytze de, Ruperto, Nicolino, Schoemaker, Casper, Vijatov-Djuric, Gordana, Vojinovic, Jelena, Vougiouka, Olga, Wulffraat, Nico M, (PRINTO), UK JIA Biologics Registers Investigators Group; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation, Hyrich, Kimme L, and Minden, Kirsten
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REPORTING of diseases ,JUVENILE idiopathic arthritis ,POPULATION geography ,BIOTHERAPY ,CHICKENPOX vaccines ,ANTIRHEUMATIC agents ,COMORBIDITY - Abstract
Objectives Burden of comorbidities are largely unknown in JIA. From 2000, national and international patient registries were established to monitor biologic treatment, disease activity and adverse events in patients with JIA. The aim of this analysis was to investigate in parallel, for the first time, three of the largest JIA registries in Europe/internationally—UK JIA Biologic Registers (BCRD/BSPAR-ETN), German biologic registers (BiKeR/JuMBO), multinational Pharmachild—to quantify the occurrence of selected comorbidities in patients with JIA. Methods Information on which data the registers collect were compared. Patient characteristics and levels of comorbidity were presented, focussing on four key conditions: uveitis, MAS, varicella, and history of tuberculosis. Incidence rates of these on MTX/biologic therapy were determined. Results 8066 patients were registered into the three JIA registers with similar history of the four comorbidities across the studies; however, varicella vaccination coverage was higher in Germany (56%) vs UK/Pharmachild (16%/13%). At final follow-up, prevalence of varicella infection was lower in Germany (15%) vs UK/Pharmachild (37%/50%). Prevalence of TB (0.1–1.8%) and uveitis (15–19%) was similar across all registers. The proportion of systemic-JIA patients who ever had MAS was lower in Germany (6%) vs UK (15%) and Pharmachild (17%). Conclusion This analysis is the first and largest to investigate the occurrence of four important comorbidities in three JIA registries in Europe and the role of anti-rheumatic drugs. Combined, these three registries represent one of the biggest collection of cases of JIA worldwide and offer a unique setting for future JIA outcome studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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23. British Foreign Policy.
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Barry, Gerald
- Subjects
BRITISH politics & government, 1910-1936 ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,WAR ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Focuses on political conditions in Great Britain, while discussing its foreign policy. Reason behind Britain's support of the Covenant; Comments on British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin's election campaign pledges; Compromise expected from the British government in the Italian-Ethiopian war; Discussion of the British policy in Europe; Anxiety of the German government regarding British friendship.
- Published
- 1935
24. Institutionalised cooperation and policy convergence in European defence: lessons from the relations between France, Germany and the UK.
- Author
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Pannier, Alice and Schmitt, Olivier
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,NEW institutionalism (Sociology) ,ARMED Forces ,FUNCTIONALISM (Social sciences) - Abstract
What are the prospects for trilateral concord among Britain, France and Germany in terms of defence policies? Would more institutionalised links among them lead to more convergence of their defence policies? To answer these interrogations, this article investigates the relation between policy convergence and institutionalised cooperation, in particular by studying whether and when one is a prerequisite to the other. First, this article examines the extent to which these countries' defence policies have converged since the end of the cold war based on several indicators: their attitudes towards international forums, their defence budgets, the structure of their armed forces and their willingness to use force. Second, we study each of the bilateral relations between the three states to qualitatively analyse their degree of institutionalisation and the convergence of their defence policies. This article concludes that contrary to the arguments of many discussions, think-tank reports and political actors, there is no evidence that institutionalised cooperation leads to policy convergence as far as defence is concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Parental experiences of homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic: differences between seven European countries and between children with and without mental health conditions.
- Author
-
Thorell, Lisa B., Skoglund, Charlotte, de la Peña, Almudena Giménez, Baeyens, Dieter, Fuermaier, Anselm B. M., Groom, Madeleine J., Mammarella, Irene C., van der Oord, Saskia, van den Hoofdakker, Barbara J., Luman, Marjolein, de Miranda, Débora Marques, Siu, Angela F. Y., Steinmayr, Ricarda, Idrees, Iman, Soares, Lorrayne Stephane, Sörlin, Matilda, Luque, Juan Luis, Moscardino, Ughetta M., Roch, Maja, and Crisci, Giulia
- Subjects
PARENT attitudes ,HOME environment ,ONLINE education ,TEACHER-student relationships ,SPECIAL education ,SOCIAL support ,SOCIAL media ,PARENTS of children with disabilities ,MENTAL health ,DOMESTIC violence ,SOCIAL isolation ,SCHOOLS ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,TEACHERS ,ALCOHOL drinking ,POLICY sciences ,COVID-19 pandemic ,MENTAL illness ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine parental experiences of homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic in families with or without a child with a mental health condition across Europe. The study included 6720 parents recruited through schools, patient organizations and social media platforms (2002 parents with a child with a mental health condition and 4718 without) from seven European countries: the UK (n = 508), Sweden (n = 1436), Spain (n = 1491), Belgium (n = 508), the Netherlands (n = 324), Germany (n = 1662) and Italy (n = 794). Many parents reported negative effects of homeschooling for themselves and their child, and many found homeschooling to be of poor quality, with insufficient support from schools. In most countries, contact with teachers was limited, leaving parents with primary responsibility for managing homeschooling. Parents also reported increased levels of stress, worry, social isolation, and domestic conflict. A small number of parents reported increased parental alcohol/drug use. Some differences were found between countries and some negative experiences were more common in families with a child with a mental health condition. However, differences between countries and between families with and without a mental health condition were generally small, indicating that many parents across countries reported negative experiences. Some parents also reported positive experiences of homeschooling. The adverse effects of homeschooling will likely have a long-term impact and contribute to increased inequalities. Given that school closures may be less effective than other interventions, policymakers need to carefully consider the negative consequences of homeschooling during additional waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The 'mixed bag' of segregation—On positive and negative associations with migrants' acculturation.
- Author
-
Boileau, Lucia L. A., Bless, Herbert, and Gebauer, Jochen E.
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ACCULTURATION ,SELF-perception ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,LANGUAGE & languages ,SATISFACTION ,COGNITION ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ETHNIC groups ,FOREIGN students ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Many researchers and practitioners consider ethnic segregation in neighbourhoods or schools detrimental to migrants' acculturation in host societies. Empirically, however, segregation is a 'mixed bag' and its effects depend crucially on the investigated acculturation domain (e.g., negative for language skills, positive for well‐being). As most prior studies have focused on a restricted spectrum of acculturation, a comprehensive assessment within one single study is needed to establish comparability across different acculturation domains. Among over 8000 immigrant‐background students from four countries, we investigated the association of classroom segregation, defined as opportunities for contact with natives and other migrants, with a broad spectrum of acculturation (academic, attitude‐related, identity‐related, social, health‐related, and psychological criteria). Some findings were consistent (e.g., academic acculturation), some were contrary to prior research (e.g., social acculturation). In sum, our results shed light on the 'mixed bag' of segregation and contribute to the understanding of a crucial social issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. SME Policy in Europe.
- Author
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De, Dennis
- Subjects
SMALL business ,ECONOMIC policy ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development ,COMMUNITY development ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,GLOBALIZATION ,RESEARCH & development ,RED tape - Abstract
This paper explores what small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) policy is about, how it is pursued in Europe, and the differences between the European countries. According to the author, the overall objectives of SME policy are to create employment, foster economic growth, improve competitiveness, and regional/structural development. The SME-related policy pursued in most European countries involves a collection of various objectives and fields of economic policy rather than a conceptual framework. The author discusses the various approaches of SME policy that take place in the following European countries: Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Denmark, France, and Belgium. The author also discusses the variation of instruments used in the following fields of SME policy: start-ups, finance, exports and internationalization, information, research and development, labor, and red tape.
- Published
- 2000
28. The Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on European Labor Markets: An Analysis of the Political Economies of Germany and the United Kingdom.
- Author
-
McManus, Ian
- Subjects
- *
FINANCIAL crises , *UNEMPLOYMENT statistics , *GROSS domestic product , *ECONOMIC development - Abstract
The article discusses the effect of the global financial crisis on states and markets in Europe including unemployment rate and gross domestic product (GDP). It also examines different structures within the political economies of Germany and Great Britain including financial crisis. It analyzes policies that each state pursued in response to the crisis and its implications in the economic development of Germany and Great Britain.
- Published
- 2011
29. CONFERENCE corral. Ramping Up Relevance and Digital Ethics.
- Author
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Ojala, Marydee
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,PUBLISHING ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,DATA encryption ,DECEPTION ,ETHICS ,SCHOLARLY method ,PRACTICAL politics - Abstract
The article discusses the 13th Annual Academic Publishing in Europe (APE) conference with the theme "Publishing 2020: Ramping Up Relevance" held in Berlin, Germany from January 17-18, 2018. It mentions topics discussed during the events including the aspects of open science as paradigm of research and education considering the context of open access (OA), the trends and impact of blockchain technology, and the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) on publishing.
- Published
- 2018
30. Protecting livelihoods in the COVID-19 crisis: A comparative analysis of European labour market and social policies.
- Author
-
Seemann, Anika, Becker, Ulrich, He, Linxin, Maria Hohnerlein, Eva, and Wilman, Nikola
- Subjects
WORK ,EMERGENCY management ,RESPONSIBILITY ,GOVERNMENT policy ,EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR market ,PUBLIC welfare ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
This article provides a comparative study of the labour market and social policy measures introduced in light of the COVID-19 crisis in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom between March 2020 and January 2021. Its main aim is to understand whether the crisis response has changed the structures of the welfare states concerned. Focusing in particular on the differences regarding the crisis measures taken for individuals in 'standard employment' and 'non-standard workers' in each country, it argues that, although extensive temporary protection instruments were introduced for both groups during the crisis, these did not lead to an immediate convergence as regards these groups' social protection. Rather than changing the underlying structures of welfare systems, many of the measures in fact highlighted the specific vulnerabilities of large segments of Europe's labour markets. States have, however, granted social compensation at unprecedented levels, which could result in improved infrastructures and a clearer understanding of the responsibility of the welfare state in future emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Impact of national smoke-free legislation on home smoking bans: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Europe Surveys.
- Author
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Mons, Ute, Nagelhout, Gera E., Allwright, Shane, Guignard, Romain, Van Den Putte, Bas, Willemsen, Marc C., Fong, Geoffrey T., Brenner, Hermann, Pötschke-Langer, Martina, and Breitling, Lutz P.
- Subjects
SMOKING laws ,SMOKING prevention ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,SMOKING cessation ,T-test (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,HOME environment ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,SECONDARY analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objectives To measure changes in prevalence and predictors of home smoking bans (HSBs) among smokers in four European countries after the implementation of national smoke-free legislation. Design Two waves of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Europe Surveys, which is a prospective panel study. Pre- and post-legislation data were used from Ireland, France, Germany and the Netherlands. Two pre-legislation waves from the UK were used as control. Participants 4634 respondents from the intervention countries and 1080 from the control country completed both baseline and follow-up and were included in the present analyses. Methods Multiple logistic regression models to identify predictors of having or of adopting a total HSB, and Generalised Estimating Equation models to compare patterns of change after implementation of smoke-free legislation to a control country without such legislation. Results Most smokers had at least partial smoking restrictions in their home, but the proportions varied significantly between countries. After implementation of national smoke-free legislation, the proportion of smokers with a total HSB increased significantly in all four countries. Among continuing smokers, the number of cigarettes smoked per day either remained stable or decreased significantly. Multiple logistic regression models indicated that having a young child in the household and supporting smoking bans in bars were important correlates of having a pre-legislation HSB. Prospective predictors of imposing a HSB between survey waves were planning to quit smoking, supporting a total smoking ban in bars and the birth of a child. Generalised Estimating Equation models indicated that the change in total HSB in the intervention countries was greater than that in the control country. Conclusions The findings suggest that smoke-free legislation does not lead to more smoking in smokers' homes. On the contrary, our findings demonstrate that smoke-free legislation may stimulate smokers to establish total smoking bans in their homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Productivity of European Life Insurers: Best-Practice Adoption vs. Innovation.
- Author
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Bertoni, Fabio and Croce, Annalisa
- Subjects
LIFE insurance companies ,INNOVATIONS in business ,DATA envelopment analysis ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the drivers of productivity evolution in the European life insurance industry in the aftermath of the enforcement of the Third Directive. We apply Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to a panel of 602 life insurance companies operating in five European countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the U.K.) between 1997 and 2004 and develop a generalized Malmquist efficiency decomposition to gauge the relative importance of two sources of productivity change: the improvement of best-practices via innovation, and the adoption of practices currently adopted by local or foreign best-in-class insurers. We find that productivity increased on an annual basis by 6.71 per cent; the increase has been mostly due to innovation in best-practices (6.67 per cent), while best-practice adoption contributed by a mere 0.04 per cent. Our findings also indicate that, over the period of our analysis, innovation of best-practices was attributable to technological change. We find no evidence, instead, that productivity has been driven by a shift in the risk profile of insurers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Immigrazione e conflitti urbani in Europa.
- Author
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Melotti, Umberto
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,METROPOLITAN areas ,IMMIGRANTS ,CULTURAL pluralism ,GROUP identity ,MULTICULTURALISM - Abstract
Immigration has introduced serious conflicts into European urban areas. The nature of these conflicts varies according to many factors: the countries of origin of immigrants, their cultural and religious heritage, the social and economic problems in the hosting countries. But it is also necessary to take into account the political culture of these countries, i.e. the way in which State, people and nation are regarded and the relationships between ethnicity, nationality and citizenship are conceived. It is not by chance that France has adopted a policy of integration through cultural assimilation, the United Kingdom has practised a form of uneven pluralism emphasizing the role of ethnic communities and Germany has preferred a rotatory presence of «guest workers». Yet, all of these policies have failed owing to the important changes that have occurred both in the global context and in immigration itself. This paper analyzes what has happened in recent decades by taking into account the urban riots in England since the late '70s, the xenophobic attacks on immigrants in Germany after its reunification and the recurrent explosions in the French banlieues since the late '70s until the resounding events of November 2005. The last part concerns the case of Italy, which is still virtually unknown abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Inszenierung als Legitimation? Die Monarchie im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert - ein deutsch-englischer Vergleich.
- Author
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Munke, Martin
- Subjects
- *
MONARCHY , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *KINGS & rulers ,BRITISH kings & rulers - Abstract
The article offers information on "Inszenierung als Legitimation? Die Monarchie im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert - ein deutsch-englischer Vergleich," a conference that focused on the history of monarchies in Europe, and took place in Coburg, Germany. Papers presented at the conference discussed topics such as the influence of Christianity on the German monarchy in the 1800s, the courtly ceremonies during the reign of German Emperor William II., and the role of the British royal family in the media.
- Published
- 2011
35. Elementary Teacher Education in the Top Performing European TIMSS Countries: A Comparative Study
- Author
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Sabrin, Mohamm
- Abstract
This paper analyzed elementary teacher education (hereafter 'TED') programs in the top performing European (TIMSS) countries to help inform future elementary TED policy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodological emphasis revolved around how much emphasis should be placed on general content knowledge (GCK), as opposed to general pedagogical knowledge (GPK), as opposed to methodological pedagogical knowledge (MPK). This study explored these questions while analyzing the elementary TED programs of Germany, Finland, and the U.K. relying mainly on peer-reviewed literature on these topics published between 2000 and 2016 in the English language. Three theoretical frames of reference, aside from TIMSS, were also analyzed during this process: whether the programs were consecutive or concurrent, the model of partnership followed between universities and institutions where field experiences took place, and the overall status and role of teachers in the society as categorized by career-based or position-based. It was found that the top performing European TIMSS countries usually: have consecutive and concurrent options; attract the top academic achievers into their programs; have strict filters for admission; provide very intensive TED experiences to their students focusing on practical and diverse field experiences; enforce students to major in at least one academic subject and place more emphasis on academic subject expertise than pedagogy; have challenging criteria (including exams and portfolios) for graduation from the program; have national accreditation institutes for unifying standards; their sponsor countries enforce various types of induction and professional development once in the field; and lastly these countries offer salaries competitive with other professions that require the same amount of years and training since they are usually career-based positions.
- Published
- 2018
36. Exploratory comparison of Healthcare costs and benefits of the UK's Covid-19 response with four European countries.
- Author
-
Thom, Howard, Walker, Josephine, Vickerman, Peter, and Hollingworth, Will
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,COVID-19 ,MEDICAL care costs ,COST control ,HOSPITAL care ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DEATH ,GOVERNMENT aid ,COVID-19 testing ,QUALITY-adjusted life years ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Background In responding to Covid-19, governments have tried to balance protecting health while minimizing gross domestic product (GDP) losses. We compare health-related net benefit (HRNB) and GDP losses associated with government responses of the UK, Ireland, Germany, Spain and Sweden from UK healthcare payer perspective. Methods We compared observed cases, hospitalizations and deaths under 'mitigation' to modelled events under 'no mitigation' to 20 July 2020. We thus calculated healthcare costs, quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and HRNB at £20,000/QALY saved by each country. On per population (i.e. per capita) basis, we compared HRNB with forecast reductions in 2020 GDP growth (overall or compared with Sweden as minimal mitigation country) and qualitatively and quantitatively described government responses. Results The UK saved 3.17 (0.32–3.65) million QALYs, £33 (8–38) billion healthcare costs and £1416 (220–1637) HRNB per capita at £20,000/QALY. Per capita, this is comparable to £1455 GDP loss using Sweden as comparator and offsets 46.1 (7.1–53.2)% of total £3075 GDP loss. Germany, Spain, and Sweden had greater HRNB per capita. These also offset a greater percentage of total GDP losses per capita. Ireland fared worst on both measures. Countries with more mask wearing, testing, and population susceptibility had better outcomes. Highest stringency responses did not appear to have best outcomes. Conclusions Our exploratory analysis indicates the benefit of government Covid-19 responses may outweigh their economic costs. The extent that HRNB offset economic losses appears to relate to population characteristics, testing levels, and mask wearing, rather than response stringency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Databases and Networking for Development. The Organization of Information in Europe in the Field of Policy and Planning for Developing Countries.
- Author
-
Lindsay, John
- Abstract
This work suggests that better organization of existing sources of information available in Europe and better application of these sources to training can result in improved understanding of how information systems work, and it provides an annotated list of some of these sources. The guide opens with an introduction to public policy and urban planning in the context of developing countries, and explains that because this subject area is so focused and interdisciplinary it is difficult to locate information in a consistent manner; thus, the information needs of the people living in urban areas of developing countries are little known or catered to. Definitions for the field are explored, and the prospective users of information networks within this field are identified, e.g., academics and researchers, funding agencies, students in Europe, consultants, and planners in the third world. Subsequent sections of the guide describe the types of materials included as reference sources (e.g., people, grey literature, and geospatial databases), and then list the resources by international organization or geographic location (United Kingdom, Scandinavia, Germany, France, Italy, Eastern Europe and the Benelux countries) from which the resources originate. An appendix presents a prototype information network. (SD)
- Published
- 1985
38. From job crafting to home crafting: A daily diary study among six European countries.
- Author
-
Demerouti, Evangelia, Hewett, Rebecca, Haun, Verena, De Gieter, Sara, Rodríguez-Sánchez, Alma, and Skakon, Janne
- Subjects
AUTONOMY (Psychology) ,EMPLOYEES ,JOB descriptions ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,DIARY (Literary form) - Abstract
The actions that individuals take to proactively craft their jobs are important to help create more meaningful and personally enriching work experiences. But do these proactive behaviors have implications beyond working life? Inspired by the suggestion that individuals aim for a meaningful life we examine whether on days when individuals craft their jobs, they are more likely to craft non-work activities. It also seems likely that characteristics of the home environment moderate these cross-domain relationships. We suggest that crafting crosses domains particularly when individuals gain resources through high autonomy and high workload at home. We partly supported our model through a daily diary study, in which 139 service sector employees from six European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, UK) reported their experiences twice a day for five consecutive workdays. Home autonomy and home workload strengthened the positive relationship between seeking resources at work and at home. Moreover, home autonomy strengthened the positive association between seeking challenges at work and at home, and the negative relation between reducing demands at work and at home. These findings suggest that the beneficial implications of job crafting transcend life boundaries thereby providing advice for how individuals can experience greater meaning in their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Social media and e-learning use among European exercise science students.
- Author
-
Rigamonti, L, Dolci, A, Galetta, F, Stefanelli, C, Hughes, M, Bartsch, M, Seidelmeier, I, Bonaventura, K, and Back, D A
- Subjects
LEARNING strategies ,PROFESSIONS ,SPORTS medicine ,SPORTS sciences ,STUDENT attitudes ,SURVEYS ,INFORMATION resources ,ONLINE education ,SOCIAL media ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
With the rise of digital technologies, electronic learning and communication tools are becoming a firm part of academia to promote knowledge of health sciences. This study sought to analyse the attitude of students regarding social media and digital learning for study purposes in sport and exercise science. A survey was carried out with a questionnaire (20 main items) in six sport science faculties, equally spread across Germany (G), Italy (I) and the United Kingdom (UK) between February and October 2017. The focus areas were students' usage of social media (Facebook, Google+, Instagram, LinkedIn, Skype, Twitter, WhatsApp, YouTube) for academic purposes and their use of e-learning. Data were analysed by quantitative and qualitative methods. 229 students participated in the study (G: 68, I: 121, UK: 40). While YouTube was mostly used for receiving knowledge, WhatsApp and Facebook showed additional preferences for peer contacts for learning purposes and knowledge discussions. Preferred online data sources were PubMed (77%), free access journals (67%), YouTube (66%) and Wikipedia (63%). Often used digital learning materials were own universities' PowerPoints (77%), scripts (59%) and scientific articles (53%). However, some preferences showed national differences. The evaluated participants showed an overall high use of social media and e-learning tools for their studies. Students would like more digital learning sources made available to them by their institutions. However, some differences in preferences of digital learning or communication tools may exist and this should be considered for international approaches to promote health knowledge among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Supply-Side Antecedents of Dropout Rates in MBA Programs
- Author
-
Iglesias, Víctor, Entrialgo, Montserrat, and Müller, Frank
- Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to carry out an empirical examination of the supply-side factors influencing dropout rates in MBA programs. We analyze the extent to which the resources and characteristics of the program (content, teaching methodology, course load, class size, partnerships, reputation) influence these rates. A GLM analysis was conducted on data obtained from a final sample of 94 executive MBA programs in Western Europe. The results indicate that several supply side factors significantly affect dropout: intensity of case study learning, number of credits per month, class size, and proportion of lessons given at partner institutions. Several implications for the design and management of higher education programs have been drawn from this research.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Universalism, diversity and norms: gratitude, healthcare and welfare chauvinism.
- Author
-
Bradby, Hannah, Humphris, Rachel, and Padilla, Beatriz
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH services accessibility ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL quality control ,PATIENT-professional relations ,NATIONAL health services ,NATIONAL health insurance ,PATIENT satisfaction ,CULTURAL pluralism ,PUBLIC health ,PUBLIC welfare ,RESEARCH funding ,PATIENTS' attitudes - Abstract
Access to universal healthcare is a normative expectation of citizens in European welfare states. As part of a comparative study of healthcare in diverse European neighbourhoods, we met women who described failures of the public healthcare system, together with gratitude for that system. Challenges to European welfare states of ageing populations, the retraction of resources available for healthcare, and globalised migration streams have been linked to xenophobic 'welfarist' attempts to restrict access to services for new arrivals and those seen as failing to contribute sufficiently. Stories of healthcare systems' failure to treat symptoms, pain, and suffering in a timely and caring fashion came from eight women of non-European migrant backgrounds as part of a wider interview study in four European cities (Birmingham, Uppsala, Lisbon, Bremen). These accounts suggest that a normative aspect of welfare provision has been reproduced – that is, the expression of gratitude – despite inadequate services. Where welfarist attitudes to migration meet normative aspects of healthcare, suffering may be compounded by an expectation of gratitude. The regrettable unmet healthcare need of the eight women whose cases are presented suggests that other marginalised healthcare users may also be under-served in apparently universal healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Immigration policy and the modern welfare state, 1880–1920.
- Author
-
Kalm, Sara and Lindvall, Johannes
- Subjects
HISTORY of emigration & immigration ,IMMIGRATION law ,CITIZENSHIP ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HISTORICAL research ,HUMAN rights ,INSURANCE ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,POLICY science research ,PRACTICAL politics ,PUBLIC welfare ,REFUGEES ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIAL security ,GOVERNMENT policy ,GOVERNMENT regulation - Abstract
This article puts contemporary debates about the relationship between immigration policy and the welfare state in historical perspective. Relying on new historical data, the article examines the relationship between immigration policy and social policy in Western Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the modern welfare state emerged. Germany already had comparably strict immigration policies when the German Empire introduced the world's first national social insurances in the 1880s. Denmark, another early social-policy adopter, also pursued restrictive immigration policies early on. Almost all other countries in Western Europe started out with more liberal immigration policies than Germany's and Denmark's, but then adopted more restrictive immigration policies and more generous social policies concurrently. There are two exceptions, Belgium and Italy, which are discussed in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Executive Insights: Real Differences Between Local and International Brands: Strategic Implications for International Marketers.
- Author
-
Schuiling, Isabelle and Kapferer, Jean-Noël
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL markets ,BRAND name products ,GLOBALIZATION ,MARKETING strategy ,COMPETITIVE advantage in business ,DATABASES - Abstract
In the current context of globalization, firms have concentrated their efforts on the development of international brands. As a result, international brand portfolios have been restructured, and many successful local brands have been eliminated. This article's objective is to improve the understanding of local brand differences and competitive advantages relative to international brands. To achieve this, the authors reanalyzed the Young & Rubicam database Brand Asset Valuator and examined more than 744 brands across the four largest countries in Europe: the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy. The authors discuss the managerial implications of the findings for international marketers as they develop their ideal international brand portfolios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Outcomes of International Student Mobility Programs: A Systematic Review and Agenda for Future Research
- Author
-
Roy, Achinto, Newman, Alexander, Ellenberger, Tori, and Pyman, Amanda
- Abstract
Scholarly studies of international student mobility programs have increased during the last two decades, particularly following the Bologna Declaration. Nevertheless, a systematic review of international student mobility programs and the outcomes and benefits derived from participation in such programs has not been undertaken. This paper provides a comprehensive review of studies examining the various outcomes of student participation in short-term international mobility programs and identifies under-researched areas such as employment and career outcomes. A future research agenda based on the review is outlined, along with recommendations for improving research designs in order to increase our understanding of the short- and long-term outcomes of international student mobility programs.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Crumbs from Blair's table.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *ECONOMIC policy ,BRITISH foreign relations ,GERMAN foreign relations - Abstract
Discusses foreign relations between Great Britain and Germany in light of the June 1999 publication of a joint Anglo-German paper called `Europe, the third way, die neue Mitte,' emphasizing New Labour positions on Anglo-Saxon economics. Political, economic and institutional differences between Britain and Germany; Identification of the group that prepared the paper; Possible gains for British Prime Minister Tony Blair.
- Published
- 1999
46. Role of employment-related inequalities in young adults' life satisfaction: A comparative study in five European welfare state regimes.
- Author
-
Vancea, Mihaela, Shore, Jennifer, and Utzet, Mireia
- Subjects
UNEMPLOYMENT & psychology ,EMPLOYMENT ,COMPARATIVE studies ,JOB security ,PUBLIC welfare ,SATISFACTION ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,GOVERNMENT policy ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method ,ADULTS ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Aims: There is evidence that young people are less satisfied with their lives when they are unemployed or working in precarious conditions. This study aims to shed light on how the life satisfaction of unemployed and precariously employed young people varies across welfare states with different labour market policies and levels of social protection. Methods: The analyses are based on representative cross-sectional survey data from five European countries (Denmark, the UK, Germany, Spain and the Czech Republic), corresponding to five different welfare state regimes. For economically active young adults (N =6681), the prevalence ratios of low life satisfaction were estimated through multivariate logistic regressions. Results: In all five countries, unemployed young adults presented a higher prevalence of low life satisfaction. When we compared employees with people with permanent and temporary contracts, the former were more satisfied with their lives only in Germany and the UK, examples of conservative and liberal welfare regimes, respectively. Experience of unemployment decreased young adults' life satisfaction only in Germany and the Czech Republic, examples of a conservative and an eastern European welfare regime, respectively. In almost all countries, young adults with low economic self-sufficiency presented a higher prevalence of low life satisfaction. Conclusions: There are nuanced patterns of employment type and life satisfaction across European states that hint at welfare state regimes as possible moderators in this relationship. The results suggest that the psychological burdens of unemployment or work uncertainty cannot be overlooked and should be addressed according to different types of social provisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. UK and German Defence Industry Change: Some Perspectives on Strategic Marketing.
- Author
-
Kenny, Brian and Stessen, Lothar
- Subjects
DEFENSE industries ,WEAPONS systems ,MARKETING strategy ,ECONOMICS ,SOCIAL problems ,SUPPLY chains ,WEAPONS ,ORGANIZATIONAL change ,MILITARY budgets ,MARKETING - Abstract
Over the past decade, the European defence industry has had to respond to increasing pressures of reduced defence spending, exacerbated more recently by removal of the immediate military threat from the former Soviet Union. Under the "Options for Change", the UK has abandoned certain weapons programmes, while Germany has had the additional economic and social problems brought on by re-unification. The industry's options comprise conversion, diversification or specialization, thus continuing to face structure change and competition from defence imports and "off-the-shelf" systems and equipment. Given the high exit barriers and past "cushioning" of the industry by governments, the presence of skills and know-how to compete effectively is questionable. The case for strategic marketing approach for those suppliers remaining is clear; as buyer (monopsonistic) power strengthens, the threat of new entrants increases and the associated competitive rivalry intensifies. However, the ingrained "defence culture" in many supplier organizations may be an impediment to change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. NATO's identity crisis.
- Author
-
Lubkemeier, Eckhard
- Subjects
POST-Cold War Period ,POLITICAL stability ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,COMMUNISM ,EUROPEAN politics & government, 1989- - Abstract
This article ponders the future of NATO after the collapse of European communism. NATO leaders have thought of seven reasons to stay in business, even though the communist threat has crumbled. NATO members indeed have a good reason for being pleased--the epic change in Europe's political and military landscape. More tacitly, NATO also served to fetter West German military might. For political and military reasons, the United States should remain closely allied and militarily present in Europe, and NATO guarantees that coupling. In the meantime, NATO should actively participate in building the European security community, although, in the process, it will lose importance as the Soviet Union turns into a political partner and as CSCE institutions progressively assume more of NATO's current functions.
- Published
- 1990
49. THE INTEGRATION OF EUROPEAN CAPITAL MARKETS.
- Author
-
ALTMAN, OSCAR L.
- Subjects
CAPITAL market ,ECONOMIC conditions in Europe, 1945- - Abstract
The article looks at three aspects of European capital markets. It considers the characteristics of integrated capital markets, the relationship of integration to efficiency, the extent to which developments have affected integrated capital markets, and the prospects for future development. The author notes that, while Europe contains capital markets of importance, no European capital market exists, leaving markets for long-term capital to be organized on unintegrated national lines. The efficiency of European capital markets are considered from an international point of view. Capital markets in Germany, Sweden, Great Britain, and other European countries are discussed.
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Reality Check.
- Author
-
Barrie, Douglas and Nativi, Andy
- Subjects
AERODYNAMICS ,MILITARY supplies ,BUDGET - Abstract
Lofty equipment aspirations and base financial reality will confront some of Europe's main defense players with critical choices over the coming months. Following in the wake of Germany's budgetary woes, Great Britain and Italy are now struggling with defense-expenditure dilemmas. Rome is being forced to curtail and delay acquisition programs, while in London, England, the ministry is grappling with both short-and long-term financial difficulties. In Great Britain, the government is trying to paper over a short-term defense funding problem, while the Defense Ministry faces considerable difficulty resolving a mismatch between available resources and requirements in its medium-to-long-term equipment program.
- Published
- 2003
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