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In the present review, we summarised the information on helminths of 14 species of wild carnivorans (a total of 260 individuals examined) from Ukraine based on an investigation of collection materials. Additionally, helminths of the domestic dog, Canis familiaris L. (n = 73) and domestic cat, Felis catus L. (n = 11) were reviewed. Helminth species and main helminth taxa (Cestoda, Trematoda, and Nematoda) were classified according to their occurrence (prevalence of infection). Helminth fauna composition and structure in host families Canidae, Felidae, and Mustelidae and in separate host species were analysed. Sixty helminth species were found in wild carnivorans in Ukraine, including 18 species of cestodes, 11 species of trematodes, and 31 species of nematodes. In wild Canidae, 45 helminth species were recorded. Nematodes were a predominating group of helminths in the red fox, Vulpes vulpes L., cestodes predominated in the wolf, Canis lupus L., and trematodes occurred more often in the raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray. Mustelidae (40 specimens of 8 species) harboured 25 helminth species; nematodes predominated by their occurrence and number of species. In the American mink, Neovizon vison Brisson, however, trematodes appeared to be the predominating group of helminths. The wolf, the red fox, and the domestic dog showed maximum similarity in the helminth fauna composition. A rather high similarity was observed between the helminth faunae of the raccoon dog and the American mink (IS = 0.42), both hosts being introduced species in the fauna of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Substantiation of improvement of normative-legal regulation of use of technogenic wastes of mining enterprises for maintenance of requirements of ecological safety of settlements of Ukraine and their conformity to the European standards of realization of economic activity. Methodology. The application of methods of comparative legal research, system and structural-functional analysis, functional method allowed justifying the feasibility of optimizing the regulation of the use of man-made waste from mining enterprises. Findings. The expediency of amending Art. 4 of the Law of Ukraine “On Waste”, supplementing articles of the Mining Law of Ukraine with provisions that will provide for the competence of public authorities in the field of mining waste management, the procedure for handling all types of mining waste, duties and responsibilities of economic entities for violation of legislation in the field of managing mining waste, and others. Originality. Proposals have been formulated to amend the Law of Ukraine “On Waste”, articles of the Mining Law of Ukraine, aimed at consolidating the rights and responsibilities of the subjects of the administrative and legal regime of man-made waste of mining enterprises. Practical value. The obtained results can be used to improve the mechanism of utilization and use of man-made waste from mining enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observations at permanent stations of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are directly related to global and local movements of the Earth's crust and are also affected by various factors, such as the multipath effect and radio noise in the signal. Currently, the influence of such effects can be analyzed and excluded from further processing of GNSS observations. However, there are a number of GNSS stations that deserve more attention for the monitoring of operational stability, because they define the terrestrial implementation of the reference system. The Chernihiv station (CNIV, DOMES 15501M001), which is attributed to the class A for the definition of the European Reference Frame, is an example of such a GNSS station in the territory of Ukraine. In this article, the coordinate time series based on long continuous coordinate time series and the log file of the GNSS station Chernihiv is analyzed. The coordinates of the station during the operation of various equipment are compared, and conclusions about the stability of the station are made. It was found that the station has been working stably and has not had long interruptions in observations since its commissioning. The most significant changes that occurred at the station are associated with the change of equipment. The equipment at the station was changed three times: Trimble equipment was installed in 2005, it was replaced by NovAtel equipment in 2011, and Leica equipment was installed in 2013, which is still in operation. Analysis of the time series of this permanent station shows that there is a certain jump in the study of changes in coordinates simultaneous for all devices when the Leica equipment was installed, which is associated with the change of equipment, namely with a different system of mounting the antenna on the pole. However, in the study of coordinate residuals separately for each equipment, fluctuations in values in winter and summer are observed, which can be related to the structural deformation of the GNSS antenna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the tourism industry and the development of the country's economy as a whole complement each other, because an increase in the tourist attractiveness of the region and the number of tourists contribute to the development of the corresponding infrastructure - hotels, catering establishments, transport, roads. In addition, related sectors of agriculture and industry receive additional incentives for development. Along with the agriculture, tourism in Ukraine can become an engine of economic growth, because the country is quite interesting for both travelers and foreign investors. The purpose of this study is to assess the state of tourism development in Ukraine and substantiate the need for broader international cooperation in this area based on the use of the capabilities of the Belt and Road Initiative, formerly known as One Belt One Road. To confirm the hypothesis of the research, the authors use the provisions of the international cooperation theory, which is based on three questions: 1) what is the purpose of international cooperation? 2) What are the ways of international cooperation? 3) What is the value of international cooperation? The answers to these questions allowed the authors to substantiate the vision of the successful development of the tourism industry in Ukraine, taking into account its strengths and weaknesses. The priority steps for reforming the tourism industry in Ukraine have been identified. These steps involve state support, improvement and expansion of the range of tourist services, the introduction of modern technologies, and the adoption of the best practices of other countries. Tourism can become an effective tool for the dissemination of Ukrainian culture, economic growth in the country. Tourism will give an opportunity to represent Ukraine to the world, increasing the interest of foreign investors and encourage cooperation in international projects such as Belt and Road Initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity of freshwater gastropods recorded in the Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine is reviewed and comments on their distribution and ecology are provided. Thirty-five species were revealed in samples collected from the lowland and mountainous parts of the Ukrainian Transcarpathia. Three species are recorded for the first time in the regional fauna: Viviparus sphaeridius, Bithynia troschelii and Segmentina montgazoniana. For species found in the region brief remarks on the biotopes in which they were registered and relevant taxonomic comments are given. The most distinctive features of the mollusc fauna of Ukrainian Transcarpathia are considered; the presence as well as the absence of some taxa in comparison with adjacent regions is discussed. The results of our observations confirm that the distribution of gastropod species depends on the types of waterbodies and their altitude location. The presented data contribute to the knowledge of the regional malacofauna and should help to assess the biogeographic status of the Transcarpathian Region more clearly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the peculiarities of the layered structure and cationic composition of the interlayer space of the smectite (montmorillonite) minerals present in bentonite clays, it is possible to use such clays in the food industry, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In order to line up bentonite clays with the high content of smectite group mineral for the development of new functional fillers of hygienic cosmetics, a study of the phase composition of a number of bentonite clays of Ukrainian and foreign origin has been carried out.Using powder diffraction (CuKα radiation) and thermal analysis (a derivatograph Q-1500D) methods, the phase composition of commercial bentonite clays for food and cosmetic purposes has been analyzed. Food clays were represented by clay of the south of Ukraine, such as bentonite, blue and green clay and Minerol. Cosmetic clays were represented by South-Ukrainian yellow and pink clay, as well as French Russoul and Indian Multani-mitti. To identify smectite group mineral, an analysis of the basal reflections of XRD patterns of the clays saturated with water and dehydrated at 400 °C was performed. The shift of the first basal reflection (001) with an interplanar distance of 1.5 nm in the initial clay samples was accompanied by an increase to 1.8-2 nm or a decrease to 0.9 nm interplanar distance in water-saturated or dehydrated clay samples, which confirmed the assignment of the clay mineral to the smectite group. Thermal analysis was carried out to determine the temperatures of thermal effects corresponding to the phase transformations and clarification of phase composition of the samples. Thus, smectite group mineral was found in all clays. Associated minerals, such as kaolinite, calcite, quartz, mica, gypsum were detected in these clays as well. It has been found that the Ukrainian blue clay and Minerol, the foreign Ghassoul and Multani-mitti contain a significant amount of smectite group mineral and сan be used to modify them with various compounds to give desired properties to cosmetic compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Five specimens of a parasitic nematode Dicheilonema ciconiae (Schrank, 1788) were collected from black stork, Ciconia nigra Linnaeus, in Kyiv Zoological Park. Identification of the nematodes was confirmed by morphological examination of the specimens collected. Th e ornamentation of the body cuticle in caudal region of males (area rugosa) is fi rst described in D. ciconiae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To substantiate the essence of the technological system and ascertain its functional interactions with other structural elements of the society. Methodology. The structural-functional method has been applied to explain the internal and external instrumental function of the technological system of the society. Scientific abstraction method has been used for determining the nature of the technological system of the society, and the method of modeling - for the development of its structure. Findings. The possibility of selection of the technological system as a relatively autonomous structural element of the society has been proved and its essence is defined as a set of interconnected and functionally ordered knowledge and skills of the society, by means of which it affects the environment aiming adaptation to it or its transformation for achievement of the required social effect. A matrix of relationships between internally-system functions of the structural elements of society has been created. Based on the selection of those ones affecting the functioning of the technological system, its structural model has been built. Originality. Technological system has been selected as a relatively autonomous structural element of the society. We propose to consider the structure of any social system as a set of interrelated elements (subsystems), the composition of which includes the core of their selfdevelopment and it is functionally subordinate to all other elements of components of society. Practical value. The results can be used to develop the concept of reforming and innovation of the technological system of Ukrainian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article profiles Yurii Alekseevich Mitropol'skii, director of the Institute of Mathematics of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences. He graduated at the Kazakh University and Ryazan Military Artillery School. He is the author of various scientific works and monographs translated into different languages and published in many countries. Furthermore, Mitropol'skii was awarded the State Prize of the Ukraine for the achievements in science.

Profiles Igor Nikolayevich Kovalenko, a Ukrainian mathematician in the field of probability theory and its applications. Personal background; Professional background; Scientific research of Nikolayevich.

The species composition of the main communities, including phyto- and zooplankton, microfauna, zoobenthos, fish fauna, and fish parasites, of the upper reaches of the Tisa river within the territory of Ukraine was investigated. It has been found that the number of species of the hydrofauna essentially decreased as compared to that registered in recent decades, which was conditioned by changes in the water regime of the river as a result of excessive timber purchasing in the Ukrainian Carpathians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2020, a sharp decrease in the number of new cancer cases was registered in Ukraine in the setting of the quarantine restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which contrasted with the previous trends., Aim: To study trends of cancer incidence rates in Ukraine in the recent decade and to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer detection in 2020., Materials and Methods: Records on cancer cases diagnosed during 2010-2020 (n = 1,498,911) from the database of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine were used; the data being submitted early in 2022. Trends of the age-standardized incidence rates in 2010-2019 were estimated by the Joinpoint Regression Program., Results: During 2010-2019, the incidence rates increased (p < 0.05) for colon, prostate, and pharyngeal cancers in males and for colon, thyroid, and pancreas in females with the rates of other prevalent cancers being stable or decreasing (lung and larynx in males, cervix and rectum in females, stomach in both genders); the incidence increased mainly at the expense of the population aged 60-74 years. A significant decrease in cancer incidence was in males aged 40-59 years. In 2020, the serious negative impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the timely detection of cancer occurred in all adult age groups of the Ukrainian population and involved all the most common cancers. The most pronounced diminution of the incidence rate was observed for non-melanoma skin cancers (by 35.9%- 37.9%); the decrements of the rates for other prevalent cancers varied from -23.0% (prostate gland) to -9.7% (pharynx) in males and from -21.2% (kidney) to -9.1% (pancreas) in females, the greatest ones being in the population aged 75+., Conclusions: The sharp drop of the cancer incidence rates registered in Ukraine 2020 is evidently the result of the limited access to healthcare facilities as well as the reduced oncological alertness of the population due to the predominant focus on COVID-19 during the pandemic. However, it is not a manifestation of a decrease in cancer incidence as such. In the following years, this may increase the proportion of advanced-stage diagnoses, the load on the cancer care system, and cancer mortality in the Ukrainian population. An evaluation of the short-termand long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cancer burden in Ukraine requires further monitoring.

Aim: To describe incidence of malignant germ cell neoplasms (GCNs) in Ukraine and assess the medical care to patients with GCNs and its efficacy., Materials and Methods: Records on 6495 males and 1038 females with malignant GCNs diagnosed in 2000-2013 extracted from the database of National Cancer Registry of Ukraine have been analyzed using methods of descriptive epidemiology and survival evaluation., Results: In Ukraine, GCNs covered 79.1% of testicular cancers and 48.9% of ovarian cancers in patients aged 0-19 years, while their proportions in total cancer incidence did not exceed 0.7% in males and 0.1% in females. Most of GCNs in males (75.9%) were diagnosed at the reproductive age (20-49) and in females 72.2% of GCNs were diagnosed at the age of 0-44 years. Female gonadal GCNs were divided by germinomatous and nongerminomatous as 49.3% vs 50.7% while in males this proportion was 65.3% vs 34.7%. Age-specific incidence of genital GCNs in Ukraine reached peak values in males aged 25-39 years and in females aged 10-24 years. Nonseminomatous testicular GCN cases were more common than seminomatous cases in males until the age of 30 years with an incidence of seminomas peaked 10 years later than non-seminomas. Ovarian germinomas were more common than non-germinomas in females aged 15-29. Total GCN incidence rate in 2013 was 1.99 ± 0.09 0 / 0000  in males and 0.32 ± 0.04 0 / 0000  in females, being closer to that in the countries of Eastern Europe and Asia. In Ukraine, 5-year survival of patients with testicular GCN of stage I who received surgery combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy was lower than that reported for Europe and USA, and substantially lower in patients with stages II-IV. Five-year survival of patients with ovarian GCN treated with surgery plus chemotherapy was close to that reported in a study for populations of European countries., Conclusion: The trends and patterns of GCN incidence in Ukraine are similar to those in other European countries, while patterns of treatment and survival in Ukraine are closer to that in countries in transition. Further research and analysis are impossible without due registration of both the diagnosis and the treatment undertaken as well as close follow-up of patients' life status.

The paper is devoted to determination of α-emitting radionuclides of 238, 239 + 240Pu and 241Am in liver, lungs, muscular and bone tissues of the boars on the territory of the Belarusian part of the ChNPP exclusion zone. It is shown that the content of Pu and Am isotopes in boar organs and tissues decreases in the following order: liver > bone tissues > lungs ≥ muscular tissues. The results received allow evaluation of penetration of 238, 239 + 240Pu and 241Am through the biological chain "soil-ration-organs and tissues". It is calculated that 1.7% of a boar's ration falls on the soil getting into the stomach with food. Translocation and accumulation coefficients characterizing the transfer of radionuclides through the chain "soil-vegetation-organs and tissues" were calculated. The conclusion about accumulation of Pu in the boar's body is made.

Following the Chernobyl accident, radioactive fission products, including (131)I and (137)Cs, were deposited in Bryansk Oblast in Russia. Intakes of radioiodines, mainly (131)I in milk, were the principal sources of radiation doses to thyroids of residents of the contaminated areas, but those radionuclides decayed before detailed contamination surveys could be performed. As a result, (137)Cs deposition density is the primary measure of the contamination due to the accident and there are relatively few measurements of the ratio of (131)I to (137)Cs in vegetation or soil samples from this area. Although many measurements of radiation emitted from the necks of residents were performed and used to estimate thyroidal (131)I activities and thyroid doses, such data are not available for all subjects. The semi-empirical model was selected to provide a dose calculation method to be applied uniformly to cases and controls in the study. The model was developed using dose estimates from direct measurements of (131)I in adult thyroids, and relates settlement average thyroid doses to (137)Cs contamination levels and ratios of (131)I to (137)Cs. This model is useful for areas where thyroid monitoring was not performed and can be used to estimate doses to exposed individuals. For application to children in this study, adjustment factors are used to address differences in age-dependent intake rates and thyroid dosimetry. Other individual dietary factors and sources (private/public) of milk consumed are reflected in the dose estimates. Countermeasures that reduced thyroid dose, such as cessation of milk consumption and intake of stable iodine, are also considered for each subject. The necessary personal information of subjects was obtained by interview, most frequently of their mothers, using a questionnaire developed for the study. Uncertainties in thyroid dose, estimated using Monte Carlo techniques, are presented for reference conditions. Thyroid dose estimates for individual children made using the semi-empirical model and questionnaire data compare reasonably well with dose estimates made for 19 children whose thyroid burdens of (131)I were measured from May to June 1986.

Knowledge of the mode of deposition (wet or dry) during the main fallout period following the Chernobyl accident in late April 1986 is one of the most important parameters in environmental reconstruction of the radiation dose to the thyroid from 113I following the accident. Meteorological data are available only for a small number of locations, but routine field measurements in 1997 of exposure rates in areas still contaminated by 137Cs revealed that there is a natural indicator of wet deposition. Follow-up measurements confirmed that there is a significant difference in exposure rates measured on different sides at the bases of inclined birch trees in areas of wet deposition. In such areas, the exposure rates measured on the "sheltered" sides of the trees were on average 2.3+/-0.2 times those measured on the unsheltered side. In areas of dry deposition the comparable ratio was 1.01+/-0.02 for similarly inclined trees. Because birch trees are a common feature in the contaminated territories, this effect has a wide potential for use in determining whether the fallout in many areas was due to wet or dry deposition.