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The paper aimed to study the effectiveness of corn cultivation under different irrigation methods on the experimental field of the Askanian State Agricultural Research Station, which is located in the semi-arid, steppe, arid climate zone of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, in the Kakhovsky irrigated massif. The investigation pointed out the effectiveness and provided an economic assessment of the use of different irrigation methods in corn cultivation. Two methods of irrigation (sprinkling and subsoil drip irrigation) were studied, with the maintenance of the humidity of the soil layer 0-50 cm at the level of 80% LMC and corn hybrids of different maturity groups. Under subsoil drip irrigation, the irrigation rate was lower on average by 24% than when sprinkled, on the other hand, the yield was higher on average by 40.9%, which significantly affected the cost price of the obtained corn grain. Subsoil drip irrigation yielded a net profit of 62% higher than sprinkler irrigation. and the profitability accordingly increased by 78.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research was to study the ecological plasticity and stability of winter wheat varieties under the arid conditions of the southern steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2015/16‒2019/20 at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture, NAAS, and the Askanian State Agricultural Research Station, Kherson region, Ukraine. The material for the research was 10 varieties of winter wheat which were sown under conditions of optimal (irrigation) and stress (without irrigation) moistening. The response of winter wheat cultivars to growing conditions was analyzed using regression coefficient, homeostatic parameters, general adaptability, variance of specific adaptability, selection value of genotype and others. The minimum yield of varieties varied from 2.02 t ha-1 to 3.72 t ha-1 and the maximum - from 8.10 to 9.81 t ha-1. The obtained results are a contribution to the study of both theoretical and practical aspects of wheat drought resistance and can be used as elements of selection programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to establish the use of various desiccants, preparations based on adhesives and surfaceactive substances and their combination on the productivity and seed preservation of sesame plants. The research was conducted under irrigation in the arid climatic zone of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. In these studies, the best option for the use of various desiccants and preparations based on adhesives and surface-active substances was established. Sesame seed productivity and yield structure elements were established; correlation analysis was conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work was to study the influence of rhizobacteria, arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi and their combination on alfalfa seed productivity and the economic effect of their use. The research was conducted during 2018−2020 in a three-factor field experiment under different conditions of moisture (irrigated and non-irrigated) and three varieties of alfalfa under inoculation with bacterial and fungal preparations at the experimental field of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the NAAS, located in the steppe zone of Southern Ukraine. In the first year of the life of the herbaceous plant, the seed yield under irrigation was 187.0 kg/ha, which was 83.5 kg/ha more than under natural irrigation conditions. Alfalfa cultivars also differed in seed yield. The minimum seed yield was obtained on the control variant (without inoculation) with irrigation - 147.9 kg/ha in the Unitro variety, 180.6 kg/ha in the Elehiya variety and 161.8 kg/ha in the Luyiza variety, while without irrigation 79 .9, 106.5 and 89.0 kg/ha, respectively. The highest seed yield was obtained by complex (AMF and Sinorhizobium) seed inoculation with Drugs 2 and 4. In the sum of two years, the lowest seed yield was also obtained by the control option (without inoculation) and amounted to 588.5 kg/ha when irrigated in the Unitro variety, of the Elehiya variety - 695.9 and 631.9 in the Luyiza variety, under natural moisture conditions - 386.5, 463.8 and 417.3 kg/ha, respectively. The highest seed productivity under complex inoculation (Drug 2 and Drug 4), which amounted to 715.7–725.7 kg/ha with irrigation in the Unitro variety, 842.2–864.0 kg/ha in the Elehiya variety and 769.9– 780.5 kg/ha in the Luyiza variety, while under conditions of natural moisture – 451.5–454.1 kg/ha, 534.9–547.2 and 485.4–488.0 kg/ha, respectively. The best indicators of economic efficiency were obtained with irrigation, namely the cost price was 1.30 €/kg, conditional net profit – 1,775.40 €/ha. The highest seed productivity was characterized by the Elehiya variety, which, when irrigated, had a seed cost of 1.19 €/kg, conditional net profit of 2,008.36 €/ha, under conditions of natural moisture 1.21 and 1,297.60, respectively. Among the inoculants, the lowest cost price and the largest conditional net profit were obtained with the use of drug 2, which amounted to 1.30 €/kg and 1,779.09 €/ha for irrigation in the Unitro variety, 1.10 €/kg and 2,288.00 for the Elehiya variety €/ha and 1.21 €/kg and 1,980.88 €/ha in the Luyiza variety. Under conditions of natural moisture, the values of these indicators in alfalfa varieties were: 1.39 and 1,074.06, 1.16 and 1,416.63 and 1.29 €/kg and 1,198.69 €/ha, respectively. Inoculation of seeds with fungal and bacterial drugs contributed to the increase of seed productivity, regardless of the year of life of the grass stand, variety and moisture conditions. However, the highest seed yield, and correspondingly the lowest cost and the highest profit, was obtained by complex (AMF and Sinorhizobium) seed inoculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research is devoted to a comprehensive approach to the study of soybean productivity depending on the different tillage technologies and plants' spraying of salicylic acid of climate change in Southen Ukraine. The proposed measures will save water resources up to 30% through the use of portable moisture meters to control soil moisture and the no-till technology; increase the soybean yield by up to 14% by spraying plants of salicylic acid. It was determined that the density of soybean plants during the growing season decreased on variants with traditional technologies in comparison with no-till the deviation makes almost 6%. The soybean water consumption coefficient in the experiment varied significantly in the range from 1,710 to 2,330 m3 /t. Soybean plants used water reserves most rationally in variants where traditional technologies were used. The average increase in yield according to the experiment under traditional technologies was 5.4%, with no-till was 20.3%. In terms of economic and bioenergy efficiency, no-till does not have significant advantages over traditional technologies. Reduction of costs in the introduction of no-till for energy consumption of machinery, fuel, electricity is fully offset by the growth of indirect energy costs, in particular, the cost of herbicides, due to high weed infestation of uncultivated crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study has been conducted to evaluate the virtual reality technology and online teaching system among medical students of Bogomolets National Medical University, Ukraine during COVID-19 pandemic. The final questionnaire contained the 15 questions with 5 options to comprehensively evaluate the virtual reality technology and online teaching system. The feedback of the survey was analyzed to find effectiveness of virtual reality technology and online teaching in medical education in Ukraine. Data of survey reflected that mostly students adopted and agreed on virtual reality technology and online teaching and admitted that these technologies are best alternatives to physical learning with the 65.79% an agreement with the user-friendly interface for virtual reality and online teaching system, while, 64.03% showed an agreement that virtual reality and online teaching system compensated the suspension of face-to-face medical education during the COVID-19. During online learning, there was ample time for educational activities as depicted from their response of 36.84% as strongly agree, 35.96% as agree, 6.14% as disagree, 4.39% as strongly disagree and 16.67% as neither agree nor disagree. Tutors/teachers also enjoyed virtual reality and online learning through their experience and flexibility in time management. Likewise, the results of all questions showed positive reviews and encouraged virtual reality and online teaching in academic continuity and stability in medical education in Ukraine. It can be concluded that digital learning environments are extremely effective in terms of medical students and staff satisfaction, accomplishment, and technical learning skill growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tests of medium-temperature consistent grease "NATOL-P-1" on the advanced roller friction test machine SMC-2 showed a high efficiency of this grease at high specific loads, which allows to use it in the sheet metal production. It is pointed out by results of the industrial tests on the metallurgical enterprises of Ukraine and Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bumble bees were studied in Ukraine between 2002 and 2009 under field conditions, by examining historical and recent collections and by the literature data. Forty one species are reported from the whole territory, 32 of them being recorded from the forest-steppe zone. Ten species are rare in all their habitats: B. confusus, B. distinguendus, B. fragrans, B. gerstaeckeri, B. ruderatus, B. armeniacus, B. mesomelas, B. laesus, B. veteranus, and B. cullumanus. The present persistence of the steppe species B. armeniacus, B. laesus, and B. cullumanus is restricted to the eastern part of the country, and B. fragrans-to the Crimean Peninsula. The information on distribution, abundance, habitat, and floral preferences of bumble bees is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]