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The problem of reconstructing the conceptual content of Shakespeare's tragedies in chronologically distant Ukrainian translations is solved in the article by applying the method of complex poetical and cognitive analysis, which provides for research in two directions: genre -- text -- language (from the general characteristics of Shakespeare's poetics to the analysis of the language of his works in the source text and in Ukrainian translations), and concept -- conceptual scheme -- meaning (from the reconstruction of the relevant structures of the author's consciousness to the identification of the conceptual priorities of the writer and translators). The procedures of linguistic and cognitive modelling reveal possible directions of applying the cognitive dimension of Linguistics in studying the plurality in translation regarding to the fact that the epoch in which the translator lived and his own worldview can influence the representation of the author's idea in translation. Comparing the pre- and post-Soviet translations of Shakespeare's "Hamlet" into Ukrainian allowed proving the hypothesis that the chronologically distant retranslations of the source text must be perceived as such influenced by the national and cultural specifics of the time which improves the theory of plurality in translation by the cognitive perspective.

Animal mycobacterioses, unlike those in humans, are not in the focus of veterinary science and practice for various reasons. This fact, as well as some others, including the growing incidence of human mycobacteriosis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria involved in the sensitisation of productive animals, is an objective, albeit indirect, indication of the existing problem of mycobacteriosis in veterinary medicine. This study employed the comparative geographical and epizootological methods of analysis. The findings obtained from the publications of scientists from around the world helped to summarise and objectively assess the severity of the epizootic situation regarding mycobacteriosis in animals in the world and in Ukraine, to identify a range of features of the infectious and epizootic processes, and to establish the dominant aetiopathogenetic criteria for this infection in animal populations. Animal mycobacteriosis is the subject of detailed scientific research in most countries of the world, as this disease is widespread among productive and unproductive (domestic and wild) animals, as well as the fish fauna of sea and river waters. It was found that the most common causative agents of mycobacteriosis are nontuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium avium complex, M. abscessus complex, M. kansasii, and M. fortuitum, and some others. In Ukraine, animal mycobacteriosis is not given due attention, even though parallergic reactions to tuberculin in cattle lead to complications in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection. They cause considerable losses in dairy farming due to the culling and slaughter of highly productive cows. Identification of aetiopathogenetic patterns of paraallergic reactions to tuberculin in productive animals is a key to effective control and management of the epizootic process of animal mycobacteriosis and reduction of biohazards of human infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria through food of animal origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A laboratory-based surveillance was conducted to study the transmission of Salmonella infection in Ukraine during the period 2012-2023. The study focused on the different categories of food products, feed, and animals as the main transmission factors and tried to analyze the relationship between them. The serological profile of Salmonella was predominantly observed in samples from objects of veterinary control, including biological/pathological material from animals and biomaterials from poultry within the National Poultry Salmonellosis Control Program. The study found that the most frequently isolated serovars were S. Enteritidis (20.03%), followed by S. Typhimurium (14.76%), S. Pullorum (without biovar identification;10.71%), S. Pullorum biovar Pullorum (10.50%), S. Pullorum var. Gallinarum (6.62%), S. Choleraesuis (5.79%), S. Livingstone (2.53%), and S. Infantis (1.70%). In 2021, an isolate of monophasic S. Typhimurium was identified for the first time in pathological material from pigs. The study also found that the most frequent Salmonella-positive categories of food products in Ukraine were meat and meat products (78.16%), eggs and egg products (11.75%); dairy products (3.319%), fish products (2.71%), ready-to-eat food products (1.96%). The largest specific share of Salmonella isolates from food products and feed was S. Enteritidis, followed by serotypes such as S. Infantis, S. Typhimurium, S. Livingstone, S. Virchow, and rare serotypes such as S. Nigeria and S. Thompson. The dominance of certain serovars such as S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis, S. Livingstone, and S. Virchow in biomaterials from sick animals indicates their primary role in the infection of food products of animal origin. Hence, a stress to enhance diagnostic and monitoring frameworks at animal herd levels. The findings of this study can be used as a basis for evidence-based epidemiology, as well as for the implementation of joint steps to improve the effectiveness of control measures against salmonellosis in each region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the pandemic and periods of martial law, educational institutions in Ukraine implemented various forms of organising the educational process, combining in-person and remote classes. As a result, there has been a decrease in the level of use of building premises. The analysis of the characteristics of energy consumption in these conditions requires additional attention. In this study, a dynamic energy model of the building was created using the educational building of Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute as an example. Energy consumption for heating needs was determined for normal operating conditions and quarantine conditions in Ukraine (only a specific part of the premises is being operated, ensuring that the standard temperature value is maintained while people are present). Based on the results of the study, the features of the energy consumption of the building during quarantine/martial law restrictions, subject to the partial use of the building, were analysed, and the main disadvantages of such a mode were identified. For the educational building of the university, the total energy consumption for heating needs depends on the number of rooms that are actively used, and the modes of regulation of heating and ventilation; the consumption can decrease depending on the chosen scenario by 61 %, 56 %, and 34 % in quarantine mode. The findings indicate that the efficiency of regulation modes can decrease by more than four times when compared to normal mode due to internal heat exchange with unoccupied rooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the author delves into the results of a thorough study and analysis of methodological approaches to shaping the professional competence of future electronics bachelor's students in higher education institutions. The focus is on an integrated approach to learning, combining technical components and interdisciplinary connections, and fostering the holistic development of students. This allows for a nuanced portrayal of the multifaceted process of shaping professional competence in the current realities of higher education. The author presents an analysis of scientific inquiries directly or indirectly related to the issue of forming professional competence in future electronics bachelor's students in higher education institutions. The inadequacy of the study on the chosen issue is noted, necessitating a systematic investigation and the identification of specific measures for optimizing the process of shaping professional competence in electronics. The research also highlights the peculiarities of the impact of military conflict conditions on the process of forming professional competence in future electronics bachelor's students in Ukrainian higher education institutions. Possible limitations in access to educational resources are analyzed, emphasizing the need for adjusting educational programs in the context of wartime conflict. The focus is directed towards analyzing adaptation strategies of higher education to new realities and developing effective methods to ensure safety and quality learning during military actions. The study underscores the necessity of developing innovative teaching approaches, flexibility in higher education responses to global changes, and establishing effective collaboration with the industry. Overall, the research indicates the relevance of combining technical and humanitarian aspects in the higher education of future electronics professionals and reveals prospects for educational institutions in shaping highly qualified experts capable of meeting the challenges of the contemporary technological world [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to establish long-term dynamics and ways to increase the yield and quality of grain products in the conditions of unstable moistening in Ukraine based on the use of modern cost-effective and ecologically safe technologies, which include: scientifically based crop rotations with the effective use of highly productive and competitive varieties and hybrids of grain and leguminous crops, optimal combination of mineral and organic fertilizers with the use of by-products of the predecessors - straw of winter wheat, spring barley and peas, as well as stalks of corn. It was found that during 2016-2022, when applying the organo-mineral fertilization system, there was a rapid increase in yield compared to the control option without fertilizer application: winter wheat and corn for grain - by 17%, peas - by 30%, spring barley - by 32%; increase of all productivity indicators of short crop rotation - by 20-24%. When using an organic fertilization system, an increase in quality indicators is noted: in the grain of winter wheat and peas - protein, in the grain of corn and spring barley -digestible protein and starch. It was determined that the cultivation of highly productive and competitive corn for grain and winter wheat in a short crop rotation, as well as the reduction of costs when applying an organic fertilization system with the introduction of by-products of the predecessors, ensured the highest conditionally net profit - 12.8 thousand UAH/ha, as well as a high level of profitability - 121%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian conflict has caused a significant displacement of individuals, with an estimated five million Ukrainians seeking temporary refuge in other countries. We conducted a survey among Ukrainians in various countries worldwide using a convenience sample and analyzed 144 responses. The participants were divided into two groups: group 1, consisting of 92 Ukrainian refugees who were forced to leave their country due to the conflict, and group 2, comprising 52 individuals who did not change their place of residence. Data were collected through a structured online questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic questions, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21, Insomnia Severity Index, and Symptom Checklist-90 during May–November 2022. We found that there were statistically significantly higher levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, hostility, and overall distress in group 1. Group 1 had a higher risk of depression, anxiety, and stress, but not insomnia. In our study, refugee status, dissatisfaction with the state of health, job loss, suffering due to hostilities, and the received support from volunteers, friends, or relatives were the most important factors for the mental disorders. A bi-directional relationship was discovered between anxiety and insomnia, with both symptoms being associated with COVID-19 and subsequent psychiatric disorders. This study highlights the mental health and sleep problems faced by Ukrainian refugees as a result of the conflict linked to numerous social factors. Ukrainian refugees need social support programs and special attention to their mental health to facilitate their post-migration adaptation and integration into the host society. • Ukrainian refugee mental health depends on previous mental status, health dissatisfaction, job loss, war suffering and receiving support. • Anxiety and insomnia linked bidirectionally; tied to COVID-19 and psychiatric disorders. • Ukrainian refugees need social support and mental health programs for successful post-migration adaptation and integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the prospects of Ukraine on the world grain market and ways to increase the efficiency of maize cultivation using environmentally safe technologies in the conditions of the negative impact of climate change and other stress factors. The methodological approach takes into account the peculiarities of agrarian production based on the use of data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United States Department of Agriculture, United Nations, Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine and State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The dynamics of world production and export of maize grain, sown areas, production and yield of maize in Ukraine are demonstrated, which directly focuses attention on the competitiveness of Ukrainian maize on the world grain market. These arguments are confirmed by analytical results, which show that in 2022, among the world leaders of maize grain producers, Ukraine took fifth place, and among exporters - fourth. In order to mitigate the impact of climate change and other stress factors on the effective production and export of Ukrainian maize, adaptation measures are proposed, which consist in the application of modern technologies, which include: optimization of the structure of sown areas and scientifically based crop rotations with the effective use of competitive varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers and plant protection products, the use of soil protective tillage, sideration and mulching, irrigation systems, and also the productive use of plant residues with the application of modern biodestructors. Their comprehensive implementation will contribute to the development of maize yield, grain quality, preservation of biodiversity and the solution of the grain-food problem in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of writing the article is to study the effectiveness of water resources management in the Black Sea region of Ukraine in the context of sustainable development under the conditions of military operations. The theoretical approaches to defining the essence and functions of water resources management through the prism of sustainable development goals have been considered. The main problems of water resources management in the regions of Ukraine are systematised and the ways of their solution at the present stage of the reform are outlined. The author's approach to evaluating the effectiveness of water resources management in the context of the model of sustainable development is proposed using the example of the Black Sea region of Ukraine. Methodical approaches to assessing the effectiveness of regional water resources management that includes the main stages, the criteria for assessing, indicators for each criterion, and a mathematical apparatus for their calculation have been developed. In accordance with the author's approach, a diagnosis of the effectiveness of regional water resources management was conducted based on the example of the Black Sea region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, international cooperation of territorial communities of Ukraine is defined as a strategic direction to attract financial resources and implement their investment projects. The authors name prerequisites for completing the reform of decentralization in Ukraine. It is stressed that the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine and declaration of martial law have caused structural transformations in the parameters of performance of the local government bodies. The study is devoted to the theoretical and applied aspects of the organization and development of international cooperation among the territorial communities in Ukraine. The paper describes the methodology developed to study the international cooperation of territorial communities. The authors make an assessment of the conditions of international cooperation of territorial communities bordering the European Union countries and present results of the questionnaire conducted amongst managers of the border territorial communities of Ukraine in order to identify parameters of the international activity development. The analysis was conducted to clarify peculiarities of establishing cooperation of the bodies of local government of Ukraine with foreign partners and to find out restrictions and challenges influencing the communities’ opportunity to implement international initiatives and cooperation in conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war. The researchers have developed a complex of measures necessary to improve the efficiency of the international cooperation between Ukrainian local territorial communities bordering the EU and foreign partners by carrying out a promotional campaign among the representatives of the local government bodies and developing a complex system of advanced training for the staff employed at the local power authorities in the field of international activity. It is also needed to enhance the institutional basis regulating the international activity of the territorial communities of Ukraine, to upgrade the financial and economic basis of the international cooperation implementation, as well as to accelerate the rates of development of the border infrastructure objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide a retrospective assessment of Ukraine's state policy concerning state-owned banks and evaluate their impact on the sustainability of Ukraine's public finances. The research methodology employs an empirical study of the cash flow of public funds to state-owned banks and the reverse cash flow to determine the impact of the activity and stability of public finances. The cash flow to state-owned banks includes the expenditure of public funds for the creation of authorised capital during the establishment of state-owned banks, the acquisition of shares in operating commercial banks, additional capitalisation of state-owned banks, etc. The reverse cash flow comprises dividends paid based on the performance of state-owned banks, as well as revenue generated for public funds through the sale of shares (privatisation) of state-owned banks. This study highlights the costs associated with recapitalising state-owned banks. These costs disrupt the stability of public finances, create additional debt dependency for Ukraine, impose an additional burden on public finances, and lead to structural changes that reduce funding for social spending. As a result, Ukrainian taxpayers are financing the inefficient activities of state-owned banks while experiencing reduced investments in education, healthcare, social protection, environmental protection, and other essential areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to study the possibilities to administer judicial proceedings with the use of information technologies at the current stage of judicial reform in Ukraine. The research methods are: formal and logical, analysis and synthesis, comparative and legal, generalization, forecasting, etc. The issue of the possibility and expediency of introducing full-fledged electronic justice in Ukraine in terms of the martial law has been considered. The authors have characterized the Strategy for the Development of the Justice System and Constitutional Judiciary for 2021-2023 in the context of ensuring the development of ejudiciary. The organizational and legal, financial and technical problems on the implementation of the Electronic Court and the Unified Judicial Information and Telecommunication System have been defined. The authors have characterized the factors that must be taken into account while adopting a law on the effective regulation of remote and electronic justice in terms of the martial law or the state of emergency. It has been emphasized that the main indicator for the effective functioning of remote justice should be maintaining a balance between ensuring the right to access to justice and ensuring the safety of court proceedings participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to substantiate the methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of environmental management of freshwater resources in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of environmental management of the regions' freshwater resources are suggested. The ecological and economic model designated to reveal the best options for the development of the water basin is offered. Methodological approaches are formed from the following stages of assessing the efficiency of the environmental potential of freshwater resources: the formation of indicators and indices of the environmental potential of freshwater resources; calculation of efficiency indices of the environmental potential management of freshwater resources of Ukraine and the Black Sea region; calculation of the average value of indices and standardized indicators; calculation of the integrated indicator of the environmental potential of freshwater resources, weighting standardized indicators; implementation of the ecological and economic model for the development of the water basin. The offered approaches help assessing the management of freshwater resources of a particular region and Ukraine as a whole. The model suggested in the article will specify the most negative impact factors while complying with the basin management principle in terms of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Judicial interpretation occupies a special place among other types of interpretation, because it is carried out by people with a high level of professional training, who have thorough theoretical knowledge and practical experience. Also, judges quite often have to interpret those provisions of normative or individual legal acts, regarding which there is a dispute among other legal entities. Interpretations of legal texts, which are carried out by judges of higher courts, determine approaches to solving special legal problems that always take place in legal practice. The purpose of this article is: firstly, to highlight the main approaches to understanding judicial interpretation and to define and characterize its main types; secondly: the analysis of the provisions of the current Ukrainian legislation to identify the general approaches embodied in it regarding the implementation of judicial legal interpretation activities. To achieve the goals determined during the research, the authors used a system of general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition. The authors justify the special role and importance of judicial interpretation for the legal system of Ukraine. Considerable attention is paid to improving the quality and efficiency of judicial interpretation. Based on the analysis of the regulatory material recommendations are provided on ways to improve this type of interpretation and take into account its results in the work of the government legislative branch. Considering the analysis of the source base and current legislation, the authors identify the main problematic aspects of the theoretical and legislative foundations of judicial interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ukraine, the challenges and threats to the efficient functioning of the transportation industry are intensifying during the war and infrastructure destruction. The need for emergency repairs of the ruined infrastructure hinders the reform of the Ukrainian transportation industry. Furthermore, developing an integrated EU-oriented multimodal transportation system within the "Eastern Partnership" regional network becomes more complicated. This article aims to identify the problems of efficiency and competitiveness of the Ukrainian transportation industry in the context of integration into the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) and the construction of a multimodal transportation system. The research employs a systemic analysis methodology to assess the structural indicators of Ukraine's transportation system development. The structure of Ukrainian freight transportation by mode is compared with that in EU countries to reflect differences in a modal split in the context of Ukraine's accession to TEN-T. The results demonstrate a range of problems related to the competitiveness of the Ukrainian transportation industry, which act as barriers to its integration with TEN-T. Institutional, political, and managerial-administrative problems are identified as the leading issues associated with inefficient data collection and processing, management and control functions, decision-making, communication, and interaction among governing bodies. A separate group of issues in Ukraine's transportation industry is linked to the material-technical condition of various types of transportation infrastructure, which affects service quality. Consequently, other problems arise, including the low level of development of intermodal and multimodal transport, transportation logistics, decreased efficiency in capacity utilization, insufficient level of competition in the market for transportation services, and non-compliance with European requirements for access to the transportation services market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of online platforms for educational purposes is a topical issue and detailed studies in this field are not sufficient. The purpose of the article is the comparative analysis of ways of integration of the dominant and popular Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Google Meet services into the educational process. The article describes the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts experience in the use of enumerated platforms in the learning process during the lockdown as well as in terms of the military aggression of the Russian army in 2022. The main scientific methods of the research: analysis, synthesis and empirical (SWOT analysis). The following issues were considered: digital tools used to solve educational tasks, analysis of possibilities and evaluation of the platforms, without specific characteristics of each platform. The results have shown that based on the analysis of the teachers' practice, the Zoom platform was most frequently used, nevertheless Microsoft Teams has a significant potential for the further development, but its security mechanisms and general characteristics are still insufficiently evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid doses from intake of radioiodine isotopes (131I, 132Te+132I, and 133I) and associated uncertainties were revised for the 13,204 Ukrainian-American cohort members exposed in childhood and adolescence to fallout from the Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident. The main changes related to the revision of the 131I thyroid activity measured in cohort members, the use of thyroid-mass values specific to the Ukrainian population, and the revision of the 131I ground deposition densities in Ukraine. Uncertainties in doses were assessed considering shared and unshared errors in the parameters of the dosimetry model. Using a Monte-Carlo simulation procedure, 1,000 individual stochastic thyroid doses were calculated for each cohort member. The arithmetic mean of thyroid doses from intake of 131I, 132Te+132I, and 133I for the entire cohort was 0.60 Gy (median = 0.22 Gy). For 9,474 subjects (71.6% of the total), the thyroid doses were less than 0.5 Gy. Thyroid doses for 42 cohort members (0.3% of the total) exceeded 10 Gy while the highest dose was 35 Gy. Intake of 131I contributed around 95% to internal thyroid exposure from radioiodine isotopes. The geometric standard deviation of individual stochastic thyroid doses varied among cohort members from 1.4 to 4.3 with an arithmetic mean of 1.6 and a median of 1.4. It was shown that the contribution of shared errors to the dose uncertainty was small. The revised thyroid doses resulted, in average, in around 40% decrease for cohort members from Zhytomyr Oblast and an increase of around 24% and 35% for the cohort members from Kyiv and Chernihiv Oblast, respectively. Arithmetic mean of TD20 doses for the cohort was around 8% less than that estimated in TD10, 0.60 Gy vs. 0.65 Gy, respectively; however, global median of TD20 doses somewhat increased compared to TD10: 0.22 Gy vs. 0.19 Gy, respectively. The difference between TD10 and TD20 was mainly due to a revision of the individual 131I thyroid activity measured in the cohort members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to analyze the potential of organic production in Ukraine in war conditions and determine its consequences for world food security. Methodological approaches based on cluster and rating analysis of regions based on their potential in the field of organic production are proposed and provide an appropriate evaluation algorithm, mathematical tools, and strategic alternatives for all variants of data obtained in the calculation process. With the help of the given methodological approaches, the development of strategies for organic production for the primary clustering of regions, namely in Kyiv, Odesa, and Cherkasy oblasts, is proved. The system of forming a regional model of organically oriented multidisciplinary agriculture is appropriate for these regions. This will create the preconditions for organic food production, organic livestock, and related sectors of environmentally oriented economic activities. The development of an innovative component for implementing SMART-specialization projects is possible. It is substantiated that the most affected regions (Kharkiv, Luhansk, Donetsk, Kherson, Mykolaiv, Zaporizhia) from hostilities and occupation are potential for organic production and have significant areas for agricultural production. It is projected that the other war in Ukraine will reduce the production of farm products, including organic, which will lead to food security in most countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to study the tax sustainability of agricultural companies in Ukraine. This article developed the following working hypotheses, which were derived from the main purpose of the study. The methodology for the assessment of tax sustainability has been improved due to the development of indicators of tax sustainability at all levels of the tax hierarchy. Our study confirms the hypothesis that the tax sustainability of Ukraine is worse than that of OECD member countries. The hypothesis that the tax sustainability of agricultural companies in Ukraine is worse compared to other sectors of the economy was confirmed as well. The main reason for the instability in the tax system and taxation of the agricultural sector of Ukraine is changes in tax legislation. The issue linked to the instability of agricultural companies is the lack of a company tax strategy. The research results presented in the paper are of considerable importance for ensuring the tax sustainability of agricultural companies in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study is due to the formation in Ukraine of a new public administration system focused on European standards, in which there is a need to increase the professionalization of civil servants. The purpose of the study is to investigate the professionalisation of public servants in the context of the implementation of public administration reforms, considering their individual needs. The leading method of investigating this issue is system analysis, which enables a comprehensive view of the professionalisation of the public service as a peculiar system of interrelated elements that together represent the formative components of this system. A content analysis of the report on the synthesis of public servants’ individual training needs for the year 2020 was used to investigate the individual training needs of public servants. The study substantiates the expediency of improving the professionalisation process in conditions of public administration reforms, defines the direct interconnection of public servant professionalisation with many aspects of public-service and other relations in society, analyses the results of the generalisation by the National Agency of Ukraine for Public Service of individual needs in professional training of public servants, reveals the main areas of improving the system of public service professionalisation, proposes possible measures to improve the efficiency of professional development for civil servants and local government officials. The practical significance of the study lies in the focus of its results on improving the system of public servants’ professionalisation. The findings can form the basis for further study and can also be used in the practice of public service institutions when improving or developing a new system of public servants’ professionalisation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is established that at the beginning of the 21st century due to significant exploitation of land resources of Ukraine, there was a violation of ecological balance in natural agroecosystems, intensified erosion and other degradation processes in soil, which now reached the highest level in the world. Due to the reduction in the use of organic fertilizers, the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides has exceeded the permissible limits, which has led to pollution of soils, the environment and agricultural products with harmful chemicals. Currently, the use of physiological and genetic characteristics of crops belonging to different biological groups plays an important role in agrarian production in Ukraine. Along with the productive use of the genetic potential of crops, the use of modern innovative technologies, in particular the elements of biologization in organic farming, is of great importance. These include the systematic use of scientifically sound crop rotations, the use of optimal rates of organic and mineral fertilizers, green manure, post-harvest crops, biohumus, and minimize tillage. With increasing aridity of the climate, they adapt to new climatic conditions due to the accumulation and preservation of moisture, which is an effective measure in regulating soil water regime in the arid Southern Steppe of Ukraine. It was found that among the elements of biologization, the maximum use of natural mass of surface and root crop residues and by-products of crops -- cereal straw, tops and stalks of corn and sunflower, root crop buds and green manure -- is effective. Along with increasing the production of competitive agricultural products of better quality, their use ensures the efficient use of land resources, preservation and reproduction of soil fertility, improving the ecological state of the environment. It is determined that the use of plant residues actualizes the use of modern biodestructors, which are adapted to different soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine and technologies for cultivation crops. Of great importance in the production of corn for grain is the use of effective biodestructors of stubble Ecostern and Cellulad. Such studies are gaining relevance in the arid Southern Steppe of Ukraine, especially in climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unfavorable trends in the development of the domestic economy in recent years require the search for new mechanisms to stimulate the national economy in a period of structural change. They are able to intensify the innovative activity of industrial enterprises. This also applies to the functioning of special forms of organization of innovative activity. These include technopolises, technology parks, industrial zones, and so on. The features of their functioning in the countries of Asia and Ukraine are considered. The information base of the study was made up of statistical materials, legal acts, and national programs for the development of enterprises on an innovative basis. These are such countries as India, China, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Ukraine, and Japan. It is advisable to use the positive experience of implementing legal acts in the innovative sphere of enterprise development in Ukraine. This will contribute to the activation of special forms of organization of innovative activity. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in Asian countries there are several main determining factors in the formation of innovatively active enterprises. This is the concentration of competitive enterprises in the region; availability of competitive advantages for the development of enterprises on an innovative basis; geographical concentration and proximity to populated areas. Unlike Asian countries, there are factors in Ukraine that hinder the development of innovatively active enterprises. In particular, this concerns the issues of functioning of transport and engineering infrastructure; low level of organizational development of enterprises on an innovative basis, limited access to the markets of leading Asian countries, etc. In this regard, it is necessary to develop proposals for improving the regulatory framework in terms of the creation and development of innovatively active enterprises in the industrial sector of the economy. It is also advisable to introduce state programs to promote the development of enterprises on an innovative basis. Pay attention to the development of innovative links and network cooperation. It is necessary to attract loans from international financial organizations on a program basis, as well as to increase the influence and responsibility of local authorities in the context of decentralization to ensure the development of enterprises. It is necessary to develop models for using the mechanism of public-private partnership in order to attract non-state investment resources for their development, etc. Based on the study of the features of innovative development of enterprises in Asian countries, proposals have been developed to intensify innovative activity in Ukraine. In particular, proposals have been developed on the activities of special forms of organization of innovative activities, such as technopolises, technology parks, industrial zones, etc. A significant legacy is the development of proposals for the introduction of a public-private partnership mechanism at industrial enterprises in Ukraine, taking into account the specifics of the experience of Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary source of development of transport and logistics systems is an investment. In countries with developed economies, investment in the development of transport and logistics systems is one of the most effective tools for influencing economic growth, leveling socio-economic disparities in regional development, and stimulating business activity in priority areas. This research is devoted to theoretical and applied organizational bases to substantiate the use of foreign experience of the multiplier effect of investment development of transport and logistics systems and analysis of sound methodological approaches for Ukraine. The article tests the authors' hypothesis about the adequacy of the proposed methodological approaches, which provide for the definition of the multiplier and accelerator of investment in the development of the transport and logistics system. To analyze the impact of investments on the economic development of Ukraine's national and regional systems, the authors proposed the calculation of the coefficient of the investment multiplier (Keynes multiplier). Statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine are used as the basis of the measures. Furthermore, the authors adapted the appropriate calculation method to determine the multiplier of investments in developing regional transport and logistics systems. After all, in economic models, the multiplier is used to determine the amount of investment in year t, which must be attracted to increase production (services) in period t+1, which is k times less than the increase in this production. The calculated indicators of the multiplier of investments in the transport and logistics system showed that in terms of regions, the highest multiplier effect of assets in the development of transportation, warehousing, and communications (more than twice) as of the end of 2020 is observed in Volyn, Zakarpattia, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Poltava, and Chernihiv regions. In 2020, the multiplier effect of more than five times the GRP increase in transport investment compared to 2016 was typical for some oblasts whose transport potential is used most intensively due to the geographical location of major transport routes and key transport hubs in the territory. In particular, these are Lviv (growth more than seven times), Chernihiv (6 times), Kyiv (almost five times), Mykolaiv (4 times), Poltava, and Odesa regions. In general, with various deviations in specific periods during 2016 - 2020, the multiplier effect of investing in the development of transport and logistics on GRP and the level of investment activity of economic entities was observed in all regions of Ukraine. The results of the calculations allow us to assess the extent to which the marginal propensity to save limits the growth of the volume of logistics services. Accordingly, a change in the component of aggregate costs leads to an even more significant difference in the equilibrium volume of logistics services, which reproduces the multiplier effect. It was determined that achieving the effect of an accelerator and multiplier of investments in the transport and logistics sector requires a comprehensive analysis and rational planning of capital investments in the industry and their compliance with the needs and trends of the development of the regional, national and world economy. In this context, an urgent task at the level of territorial management systems is developing a strategy for the development of warehouse logistics as an integrative component of transport and logistics systems, taking into account the proposed methods of evaluating efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article suggests a scientific and methodological approach to the evaluation of the infrastructural component's effectiveness in the anti-money laundering system due to digitalization. Structural modelling is the basis for the mentioned approach implementation, which consists of several steps. First, the input data is selected in terms of the effective regulation of the financial services market, law enforcement and judicial activities, and digitalization. Next, the moving average method is used to identify the growth rate of missing values in the available data series. Then, the selection of relevant factors for financial services market regulation, law enforcement activity, judicial activity and digitalization is based on the principal component analysis. After reducing the input array of data to a comparable form, a structural equations system can be constructed to reflect the impact of the digitalization level on the latent integral characteristics of the directions of anti-money laundering work done by regulatory authorities. Finally, the model is checked for adequacy. The result of this research can serve as an information base for further strengthening the digital vector in the development of regulation institutions and law enforcement agencies overseeing the financial services market, as well as for the radical transformation of courts in Ukraine since digitalization currently negatively affects them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, based on the methods of grouping and classification, the approaches to the interpretation of transport and logistics infrastructure proposed by various scientific schools are conventionally systematized. An author's approach to defining the meaning of the terms "transport infrastructure" and "logistics infrastructure" is proposed. Financial, economic, social, and informational factors influencing the level of investment attractiveness of transport and logistics enterprises have been identified. The approach to evaluating the effectiveness of innovative activities in the transport sector is substantiated, the use of which will allow examining the current state of the government regulation processes, the decision-making and goal-setting support system, and institutional provision. An organizational model of the national innovative transport hub and an approach to evaluating its functioning are proposed. Proposals have been made for diagnosing the investment attractiveness of transport infrastructure objects, selecting priority projects for government funding, and forming public-private partnership models for the innovative development of transport infrastructure. An investment strategy has been developed, the main provisions of which should be based on the established investment policy of enterprises in the field of transport and logistics. The relevance of the problem of modernization of transport and logistics infrastructure in the context of sustainable development and recovery of the national economy of Ukraine at the current stage is proven. The key vectors of the modernization of the transport and logistics infrastructure have been established, which include green transformation (decarbonization, implementation of the mechanism of green logistics, green investment as a non-traditional source of financial support for the implementation of infrastructure projects), innovative technologies, public-private partnership, clustering, digitalization (digital logistics, digital transport technologies). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern species composition of woody plants of the centuries-old oak grove of the State Dendrological Park "Olexandria" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was studied. The work was carried out as part of the study of the dynamics of stands of oak phytocenoses under conditions of anthropogenic load, technogenic pollution and weather fluctuations. It has been established that the oak grove of the arboretum with an area of 446 hectares out of 2000 oaks is a complex multi-species planting. The floristic core of the oak forest consists of the main forest-forming species characteristic of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: Quercus robur, Acer platanoides L. and Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Tilia cordata Mill., Carpinus betulus L., Ulmus scabra Mill. The role of the dominant species and edificator was retained by Quercus robur. In the worst growing conditions, monodominant stands are formed. In more favorable ecotopes in the upper tree layer, the participation of Quercus robur is 70-100 %, and its codominant satellites (Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, Fraxinus excelsior) are 10 % each. All oak forest phytocenoses have a well-developed multi-species second tree layer: Acer platanoides (15-80 % in various phytocenoses), Acer campestre (10-30 %), Tilia cordata (10-60 %), in some phytocenoses Fraxinus excelsior (10-20 %), Ulmus scabra (10-20 %), Carpinus betulus (30 %). The group of asectators is diverse and is represented by small species, local and adventive species, introducers, including invasive species. A characteristic feature of the oak forest is its exorbitant crushing, which, along with the massive introduction of introduced species, caused a powerful ecotonization of the oak forest and formed the cells of the greatest mortality of Quercus robur. The conducted studies establish the modern species composition of the oak forest and are the basis for the study of succession processes in oak forest phytocenoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study revised the thyroid doses for 2582 Ukrainian in utero cohort members exposed to Chornobyl fallout (the Ukrainian in utero cohort) based on revision of: (i) 131I thyroid activity measured in the Ukrainian population, (ii) thyroid dosimetry system for entire Ukraine, and (iii) 131I ground deposition densities in Ukraine. Other major improvements included: (i) assessment of uncertainties in the thyroid doses considering shared and unshared error, and (ii) accounting for intake of short-lived radioisotopes of tellurium and iodine (132Te+132I and 133I). Intake of 131I was the major pathway for thyroid exposure, its median contribution to the thyroid dose was 97.4%. The mean prenatal and postnatal thyroid dose from 131I was 87 mGy (median = 17 mGy), higher than previous deterministic dose of 72 mGy (median = 12 mGy). For 39 individuals (1.5%) the dose exceeded 1.0 Gy, while the highest dose among the cohort members was 2.7 Gy. The geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1000 individual stochastic doses varied from 1.9 to 5.2 with a mean of 3.1 and a median of 3.2. The lowest uncertainty (mean GSD = 2.3, median GSD = 2.2) was found for the subjects whose mothers were measured for 131I thyroid activity, while for individuals, whose mothers were not measured, the mean and median GSDs were 3.4. Uncertainties in thyroid doses were driven by shared errors associated with the parameters of the ecological model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, international tourism is one of the most affected sectors of the economy due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. The main purpose of this article is to analyze current trends and identify prospects for the international tourism development in the context of increasing globalization risks in the world, using the example of Ukraine's integration into the global tourism industry, as Ukraine is located in the centre of Europe and belongs to a number of countries with developing economies, and has the potential to expand its tourism industry, which may be of interest to the international scientific community in terms of overcoming the bifurcation point of its economic development. Analyzing the tourism industry, as one of the most progressive sectors of the world economy, we used general scientific and special research methods (abstract-logical, statistical, systemic analysis and synthesis, abstract-theoretical, and correlation-regression analysis). The paper analyzes major indexes of international tourism development in the modern globalized world and details the risks emerging during the global COVID-19 pandemic. It examines the global dynamics of tourism flows, where France, Spain, and the USA are unquestionable leaders. The study considers foreign exchange earnings of international tourism and the industry contribution to the gross domestic product of countries being an essential component of national budgets. Based on the study conducted, there were developed reliable forecast models for the tourism industry development in the countries under research. These models will provide an opportunity to generate reliable forecasts, which will allow timely identification of potential threats and making effective decisions to address them. At the same time, the issues of managing information support of economic entities in the field of international tourism need to be further developed in order to reduce risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article recounts that against the background of globalization processes that swept the world in the late twentieth century and left an indelible mark on the further progress of mankind there was a need to adapt the educational and social systems of Ukraine to functioning in the new conditions of crucial transformations caused by the dynamic changes triggered by universal digitalization, which now penetrates all branches and spheres of public life. It has been noted that the educational sphere is in a state of permanent change, trying to adapt to the new environment in order to ensure a decent level of training specialists of the relevant educational and qualification level capable of adapting to rapidly changing conditions, taking into account the competence acquired in the process of training. As a result, it is shown that in today's globalized world, the need to master digital competence at an appropriate qualification level comes to the fore, taking into consideration the factors of stair stepping and succession, in response to requirements and challenges of today's world, which even in a short period of time are able to significantly influence any sphere, transforming its further functioning. The content analysis of regulatory documents enabled to identify the main problematic aspects of the educational industry in the context of ensuring the compliance of the process of standardization of education at the relevant qualification levels, which is characterized by certain fragmentarity and inconsistency and requires further weighted and step-by-step transformative phases in the educational system of Ukraine ensuring its correlation with the European educational standards and guaranteeing its quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the compliance of laboratory diagnostics of gonorrhoea in Ukraine with the World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory manual. Materials and Methods: A quantitative non-randomised cross-sectional descriptive postal survey was conducted to evaluate the diagnostics of gonorrhoea in sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinics in Ukraine. Results: The survey provided data about diagnostics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in STI clinics from 14 regions of Ukraine from January 2013 to September 2014. The clinics performed microscopy, culture, and point-ofcare- testing in 100%, 85.7%, and 7.1% of the cases, respectively. None of the respondents had the option of performing nucleic acid amplification tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Two regions reported their participation in the collaborative project by WHO on antimicrobial resistance investigation, as national antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance program had not been established in Ukraine. A "three-site testing" (urogenital, pharyngeal, and rectal specimens) in symptomatic heterosexuals was conducted by 25%, "twosite testing" (urogenital and pharyngeal specimens) was conducted by 41.7%, and "one-site testing" (urogenital specimen) was conducted by 33.3% of the respondents. External quality control of laboratory tests for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae was not performed in 50% of the regions in Ukraine. Non-selective culture media for isolation of N. gonorrhoeae and culture media in tubes instead of the recommended Petri dishes were used in 16.7% and 58.3% of the laboratories, respectively. Conclusion: Increased adherence to evidence-basedWHO and/or nationally adapted management guidelines is essential for monitoring gonorrhoea and preventing antimicrobial resistance of N. gonorrhoeae in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the conditions of formation and development of Ukraine as an independent state, the priority is the need to implement economic policy, one of the components of which is cluster policy. It is to support the creation and operation of clusters. In particular, such issues as factors of formation, development and causes of cluster decline. Understanding these reasons, classifying and assessing significance will help enhance public cluster policy measures, which was the aim of this research. The information base of the study consisted of statistical materials, regulations, national cluster development programs in such countries as: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Estonia, Canada, China, Germany, Norway and others. Implementation of regulations will contribute to the creation and development of clusters. A significant achievement is the use of the method of comparison in the analysis of the peculiarities of the functioning of clusters, current regulations on the creation and development of clusters in different countries and in Ukraine. Due to the use of a systematic and structural approach, the factors that hinder the development of clusters in Ukraine have been identified. The study found that in foreign countries there are several main determinants of cluster formation: concentration in the region of competitive enterprises; availability of competitive advantages for development; geographical concentration and proximity to settlements; wide choice of participants and the presence of "critical mass". In contrast to the rest of the world, Ukraine has factors that hinder the development of clusters (limited functioning of transport and engineering infrastructure; low level of organizational development of the cluster, including lack of experience in strategic planning of cluster development, lack of effective information communication between cluster members; limited access to foreign markets, etc.). In this regard, it is necessary to: develop a regulatory framework for the creation and operation of clusters (define at the legislative level the concepts of "cluster", "cluster policy", "clustering"; create and implement government programs to promote cluster development; create a Register of clusters in Ukraine); develop cluster connections and networking; to attract credit funds from international financial organizations on program principles; increase the influence and responsibility of local authorities in the context of decentralization in relation to ensuring the development of clusters; to develop models of using the mechanism of publicprivate partnership in order to attract non-state investment resources for the development of clusters, etc. The most effective way to provide conditions for the growth of the role of clusters may be the creation of cross-border clusters, as evidenced by international experience. A promising area is cooperation between Chambers of Commerce and clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Culture is the only laboratory method that provides live gonococcal isolates for monitoring antimicrobial resistance. Many clinical settings do not have direct access to laboratories for the immediate processing of biological samples. Validated and quality-assured transport media are recommended to maintain the viability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Methods In total, 103 clinical samples were divided into two groups: 51 samples were stored in Amies agar gel medium containing charcoal and 52 samples were stored in agar gel medium without charcoal. All samples were stored at 4°C for 0.5-6 h and then transported in a thermo-protected box within 0.17-0.25 h to the laboratory of Ternopil Regional STI Clinic (Ukraine). Results The recovery rate was significantly higher for charcoal-containing Amies medium than for charcoal-free Amies medium (86.27%, 44/51 vs. 59.62%, 31/52). A higher rate of specimens transported in charcoal-containing Amies medium was isolated within 24 h (84.31%, 43/51), whereas most isolates from charcoal-free Amies medium grew within 24 h (42.31%, 22/52) or 48 h (17.31%, 9/52). Growth beyond the first quadrant of the agar plate was registered for 59.09% (26/44) of charcoal-containing Amies samples, compared with only 19.35% (6/31) of charcoal-free Amies samples. Conclusions A high rate of N. gonorrhoeae recovery after transport has considerable public health implications for establishing national antimicrobial susceptibility programs. Charcoal-containing Amies medium had higher viability rate, and it could be used for diagnostic and isolation purposes in future antimicrobial susceptibility studies. Continuous validation studies of transport medium for N. gonorrhoeae culture are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the essence of the digital transformation of enterprises, summarizes scientific views on the interpretation of the essence of "digital economy", investigates the current problems of the development of the digital economy in Ukraine. The main stages of the transformation of entrepreneurship in the digital economy have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The natural gas sector plays a significant role in the energy sector. In Ukraine, natural gas accounts for about 30 % of the total consumption of energy resources, while in the Czech Republic only about 16 %. The article presents a comparative analysis of the natural gas sector in Ukraine and the Czech Republic in 2010-2019. The dynamics of changes in the production and consumption of natural gas in the discussed countries was presented. The structure of primary energy consumption, including natural gas, in 2018 and 2019 was analyzed. The analysis also covered the import of natural gas to Ukraine and the Czech Republic for own demand. Ukraine still has to import natural gas to meet its own demand, but in recent years, there have been drastic changes in the import of natural gas - and import dependency has decreased by about 24 % in the analyzed period [1,2]. On the other hand, in the Czech Republic, the import of natural gas fluctuated within a limited range, and the import dependence increased by about 27 % compared to 2010 [1,3,4]. The article also deals with the problems of the gas pipeline system supplying natural gas from Russia to European countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comparative Economic Research is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the most obvious and long-lasting consequences of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident is the creation of an exclusion zone and a zone of unconditional (compulsory) alienation. The effect of succession is manifested in the fact that a significant part of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems as of1986 was artificial or semi-artificial systems that were under regulatory control by humans. Parasitic systems are one of the informative indicators of processes occurring in ecosystems. Any changes in the host population lead to changes in the parasite population. The degree of imbalance of the "parasite-host" system depends on the nature and strength of the influence of external factors. In order to study the parasitic systems of the exclusion zone as informative indicators, rodents were selected. Among the rodents studied for the presence of causative agents of parasitic diseases were field (Apodemus agrarius) and yellow-necked (Apodemus flavicollis) mice. A study of them was conducted for the presence of causative agents of blood-borne parasitic diseases. Examination of mice blood smears revealed the presence of causative agents of blood parasitic and infectious diseases in all of the investigated animals. Among the causative agents of these diseases, Trypanosoma spp., Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp. and others were identified. Trypanosoma spp. was identified for the first time on the territory of Ukraine in blood smears of 3 mice among investigated, which were 25 % (95 % confidence intervals 6.8-54.1). The number of parasites in 200 fields of view of the microscope from the studied mice varied from 2 to 25. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To define the factors of managing the potential of moisture resources, the regularities of accumulation and use of moisture from soil by agricultural crops while cultivating them in the system of different crop rotations in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The comparative assessment of the productivity of cereal-hoed 10-field rotation demonstrated that in 2010–2015 the yield of dry substance of the main product increased 1.35 times, the yield of fodder units –1.28 times, and that of cereals – 1.23 times. The fraction of the yield of dry substance was 12 % from the total yield which was 2.3 times higher as compared to 1965–1969. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in 5- field cereal-hoed rotation promoted the increase in the yield of fodder units by 35.7 %, cereal units – by 29.1 %. The highest yield from the fertilizers introduced was obtained for tillage, where the yield of fodder and cereal units increased by 56.6 and 60.7 % respectively. Short crop rotations had higher productivity: strong direct correlation (R>0.70) was found between the accumulation of energy in dry substance and the yield of dry substance, fodder and cereal units and the accumulation of energy per 10 t of the moisture used. Regression coefficients for the variables: dry substance, fodder and cereal units, dry substance per 10 t of moisture in the dependence equations were 3.06, 1.25, 7.25 and 2.89 times higher as compared to long crop rotations. It demonstrated the 2.59-fold higher efficiency of forming productivity in short crop rotations and using the total moisture circulation as compared to long crop rotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major health threat compromising the gonorrhoea treatment globally. AMR surveillance including whole genome sequencing (WGS)‐based epidemiology provides ideal resolution to identify and describe AMR gonococcal clones, AMR determinants and populations, which can inform management guidelines and antimicrobial stewardship policies. Our aims were to, for the first time, elucidate the WGS‐based epidemiology and characterize AMR determinants of gonococcal strains spreading in Ukraine, 2013–2018. Gonococcal isolates (n = 150) from Ternopil and Dnipro, Ukraine (2013–2018), were subjected to AMR testing (Etest) for eight antimicrobials and WGS. Overall, 11.3% of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 6.0% to tetracycline, and 0.7% to benzylpenicillin. No isolates were resistant to azithromycin, spectinomycin, ceftriaxone, or cefixime, but one isolate was bordering resistance to both cephalosporins. Twenty‐five MLST STs, 50 NG‐MAST STs, and 34 NG‐STAR types were identified. The phylogenomic analysis revealed six main clusters, mostly associated with the internationally described multidrug‐susceptible gonococcal lineage. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was associated with GyrA S91F and ParC S87R mutations; tetracyclines with rpsJ V57M and tetM; penicillins with mosaic penA‐34.001 and β‐lactamase; mtrR; PorB1b G101D, and PBP1 L421P mutations. One isolate of the multidrug‐resistant NG‐MAST ST1407, MLST ST1901 was found, which was bordering resistance to ceftriaxone and cefixime. The antimicrobial susceptibility of gonococcal strains spreading in Ternopil and Dnipro, Ukraine, in 2013–2018 was surprisingly high. Continued and expanded gonococcal AMR surveillance, ideally including WGS, in Ukraine is essential. This could inform action plans and public health policies to control the spread of AMR gonococcal strains in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current trends of globalization, the integration of banks and insurance companies worldwide into a single financial conglomerate, as well as the emergence of new electronic payment instruments, force governments of different countries to search for new approaches to analyse the risks of involvement of financial institutions in money laundering. The research explains how to use the data mining and bifurcation analysis based on the limited information on general indices of a country's characteristics to evaluate the state's resilience to the involvement of its financial institutions in money laundering. The purpose of the article is to develop a scientific and methodological approach to assessing the risk of using financial institutions in money laundering. It is based on the study of the dynamic stability of this risk on the basis of bifurcation theory. Empirical calculations show that for a group of countries, to which Ukraine belongs, the dynamic system is in a non-equilibrium state and is described as a phase portrait "saddle". Therefore, the risk of using financial institutions for money laundering is high in Ukraine, although it is under certain control by the state. However, the calculations show that under conditions of the partial reform of the anti-money laundering system in Ukraine, the system will lose its conditional stability and the corresponding risk will increase even more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than 25 years, Ukraine and China have been strategic partners. This opens up opportunities for deepening cooperation and implementing joint projects for socio-economic development, in particular in the direction of improving industrial policy. This is a significant tool for removing artificial regulatory obstacles to the development of business of the two countries. It also contributes to the creation of favorable conditions for attracting investment from China to the Ukrainian economy. This is possible by improving the regulatory framework, attracting capital to modernize domestic production, including through the creation and development of special forms of organization of innovative activity (clusters, industrial parks, special economic zones, etc.). The research information base was made up of materials from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and China. Using analysis, monitoring of Ukrainian and Chinese enterprises in the food industry on an innovative basis was carried out. For this a significant array of info-base was applied. Based on the application of various approaches (systemic, structural), the existing problems and prospects for further cooperation between Ukraine and China in the direction of the implementation of the large Chinese project «One Belt, One Road» are identified. The study identified common and distinctive features, problems and risks of creating, developing special forms of organization of innovative activity (industrial parks, clusters, technology parks, etc.) of food industry enterprises in Ukraine and China. The proposals of Ukrainian-Chinese cooperation in the direction of developing special forms of organization of innovative activity of food industry enterprises have been developed. The analysis of the current regulatory framework for the functioning of special forms of organization of innovative activities of food industry enterprises in Ukraine and China is carried out. The strengths and weaknesses of their activities, as well as opportunities and threats are identified. Institutional and legal foundations of the development of food industry enterprises in the field of functioning of special forms of organization of innovative activity (special economic zones, clusters, industrial parks and other similar structures) in Ukraine and China are disclosed. Proposals have been developed to improve the regulatory framework for the innovative activity of food industry enterprises in the framework of cooperative relations between Ukraine and China. Based on the analysis of the development of innovative activities of the PRC, it should be noted that in recent years, the country, unlike Ukraine, has been able to create a unique innovation system. It focuses on stimulating innovation through the active use of cluster policy; the state invests heavily in the development of human capital and scientific, scientific and technological development. The state has reoriented efforts towards the development of an innovative initiative, stimulating small, medium, and venture entrepreneurship. Experience for Ukraine means that the ability to absorb new knowledge and technology depends on the level and quality of education. The creation of a highly qualified link in the field of education and in the scientific and technical sector is a priority for the formation of a highly developed country. Chinese experience also shows that it is necessary to focus on the development of small and medium-sized businesses, venture capital businesses, as well as provide government support for their functioning. Thus, cooperation between Ukraine and China may become a promising direction in creating joint forms of organization of innovative activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Gonorrhea is the second most common sexually transmitted infection spreading worldwide and a serious public health problem. However, further data are required to improve the management of gonorrhea. Our aim was to review the features of gonococcal infection and characterize the challenges of its management. A retrospective descriptive study of the medical records of 136 adult patients with gonorrhea that visited Ternopil Regional Sexually Transmitted Infections Clinic (Ukraine) in 2013-2018 was performed. The male-to-female ratio was 6.6:1. Homosexually-acquired gonorrhoea was 3.7%. Also, most patients acquired gonorrhea in Ukraine (98.4%). The mean infectious period lasted 2-16 days, including the incubation period of 1-9 days and the period from the onset of symptoms to the first visit of the clinic of 1-7 days. The probability of N. gonorrhoeae transmission within the frame of the epidemiologic sexual chain was 1:2.4. Concurrent T. vaginalis (39.7%) and C. trachomatis (2.2%) were detected. HIV and syphilis screening rates were 1.6% and 0.7%, respectively. The examining rate of sexual partners was 11%, testing extragenital specimens - 0.7%, screening coverage for HIV - 46.3%, compliance with follow-up visits - 41.9%. Part of patients (16.2%) received monotherapy with clarithromycin, doxycycline, benzylpenicillin, azithromycin, or ofloxacin. The management of N. gonorrhoeae infections was compromised by a low rate of examining sexual partners, females and testing extragenital specimens, screening for HIV, compliance to follow-up visits, access to nucleic acid amplification tests, and receiving questionable or even obsolete antimicrobial treatment. Therefore, more accurate and comprehensive management of gonorrhea is urgently needed in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]