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Between January and December 2019, banded carpet shell (Polititapes rhomboides, Pennant 1777) were gathered from Çardak Lagoon (Çanakkale Strait). The length value was found to range from 32.92 to 36.37 mm, weight between 7.90 and 11.75 g, condition index from 4.44 to 8.70, and meat yield was found to be ranging from 11.95% to 24.95%. Negative allometry was determined in the W/L relationship of P. rhomboides. The main meat component of P. rhomboides was moisture (54.70-65.57%) and protein (52.89-62.10%) with the other components being carbohydrate (10.95-21.30%), lipid (12.79-17.18%) and ash (7.69-19.93%). The correlation between moisture and carbohydrate was positive, whereas the correlation between moisture and protein was negative (p<0.05). The present study not only informs us on composition but also recommends consumption of the species since it is easier to market and consume. Arginine amino acid was found to be the highest in quantity, which was followed by glutamic acid, serine, methionine, alanine, and aspartic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was performed in Çanakkale Strait from September 2012 to August 2013. Biochemical composition (protein, total lipid, moisture, and ash), condition index, and meat yield of Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis in the net systems hung out the open sea cage units monthly. The mean condition index and meat yield of M. galloprovincialis were found 8.12±0.48 and 16.07±0.70%, respectively. A positive correlation was found between condition index and protein, carbohydrate, and meat yield whereas a negative correlation was seen between condition index and weight, length, lipid, moisture, and ash. In terms of seasons, condition index and protein values were high in autumn, lipid values in summer, and carbohydrate values in spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berries of Juniperus drupacea L. are important non-wood product used in traditional pekmez (fruit concentrate) production in Turkey. In this article, some chemical, nutritional and mineral properties of dried mature J. drupacea berries are reported. The materials were collected from Kahramanmaraş and Adana Provinces (Turkey). The results are given in the order of Kahramanmaraş and Adana; total dry matter 92.89 and 93.30%, water soluble dry matter 62.40 and 57.07%, protein 2.06 and 3.74%, lipid 5.49 and 3.84 g/100g, pH 5.53 and 5.65, titretable acidity 0.38 and 0.52%, K 14.5 and 17.3 g/kg, Ca 890.5 and 794.7 mg/kg, Na 67.0 and 68.1 mg/kg, Mg 439.2 and 543.6 mg/kg, Fe 33.8 and 65.8 mg/kg, Cu 4.4 and 5.5 mg/kg, Zn 16.5 and 18.1 mg/kg and finally Mn 4.7 and 5.1 mg/kg. In addition, holocellulose (carbohydrate) was determined as 14.29 and 16.01%, lignin (phenolic compounds) as 16.94 and 18.98% and ash (inorganic constituents) content as 4.00 and 3.38%. The soluble content of toluen/acetone/ethyl alcohol, hot water and cold water for Kahramanmaraş samples were 31.18, 67.08 and 60.74%. They were 37.56, 63.36 and 55.81% for specimens from Adana. The berries from Kahramanmaraş showed higher lipid, soluble solid, Ca and ash contents than those from Adana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A green microalgae, named as Ettlia texensis was obtained from local freshwater in Turkey. The effects of autotrophic, photoheterotrophic and heterotrophic cultivations on biomass and lipid production were studied. Searching the preferences of the carbon and nitrogen source revealed that this strain could grow photoheterotrophically well with glucose and yeast extract. In the optimized medium, the highest biomass productivity and total lipid content achieved were 0.97g/Ld and 26% of dry weight basis, respectively. Moreover, the major fatty acid methyl esters were C16:0; C18:1; C18:2 and C18:3. In a scale-up attempt, productions were accomplished in a 3L stirred tank bioreactor. The final biomass and lipid productivities obtained in bioreactor with 250rpm agitation rate were 0.92g/Ld and 322mg/Ld, respectively. The biochemical compositions were monitored simultaneously by the FTIR spectroscopy during the production in bioreactor. E. texensis could be potent candidate for commercial production in the bioreactor photoheterotrophically. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Aims: Our aim was to evaluate the effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) E298D polymorphism in obesity variables and essential hypertension (eHT) development risk. The genotype frequencies of E298D polymorphism in eHT patients and non-hypertensive (non-HT) controls (proven to have normal coronaries angiographically) were analyzed for their association with demographic and obesity related data of the eHT patients and controls. Materials and methods: eNOS gene E298D genotypes were determined with qPCR. Results: The eNOS E298D polymorphism frequencies for 298E/E, 298E/D and 298D/D genotypes were respectively as 41.1%, 44.6%, 14.3% in subjects eHT and 52.8%, 38.9%, 8.3% in the non-HT groups. The combined E298D homozygous polymorphic and heterozygous genotypes were found to have a decreasing effect on serum total-cholesterol levels in comparison to wild-type genotypes in eHT patients but not controls. Conclusions: Our results support the idea that, the eNOS E298D polymorphism, which is not associated with hypertension, may increase the risk of hypertension when associated with high serum total-cholesterol levels. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Objective: The effects of antiepileptic drugs on lipid profiles and liver enzymes have been well verified in studies that were, however, performed on old antiepileptic drugs, which were enzyme inhibitors and inductors. There are very limited studies of new antiepileptic drug to this date. In this study, antiepilepticssuch as valproic acid and carbamazepine were compared with the new ones, e.g. oxcarbazepine, levetiracetam and topiramate for the effects on lipid profiles and liver enzymes. Methods: In this study, we recruited a total of 63 patients with partial epilepsy who were on monotherapy for at least one year and divided them into different drug groups-carbamazepine (n=15), valporic acid (n=15), oxcarbazepine (n=9), levetirasetam (n=9), and topiramate (n=9). Two control groups, healthy control (n=15) and epileptic control (n=15), were constituted. Results: The results of healthy controls and epileptic controls were compared. Serum triglyceride and VLDL levels were high, levels of AST were low (p<0.05) in the epileptic controls. Carbamazepin group had higher total cholesterol (TC) and TC-HDL (p<0.05), valproic acid group had lower AST and ALT levels (p<0.05), oxcarbazepine group had higher TC, levetiracetam group had higher TC and TC-HDL (p<0.05), and the topiramate group had lower levels of AST (p<0.05) in comparison with the healthy controls. The topiramate group had lower triglyceride and higher HDL levels (p<0.05) than the epileptic controls. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that the new antiepileptic drugs have no negative effects on liver enzymes and that topiramate has protective effects on lipid profile against atherosclerosis and, support the literature-reported findings demonstrating that topiramate may be a drug of choice in cases of patients with coronary disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study we researched the effect of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on serum lipid profile.Method: 28 patients (age average: 58.2±7.9 years) 17 of them women and 11 of them men and 33 healthy people (age average: 51.1±7.4 years) 22 of them women and 11 of them men taking chronic hepatitis C diagnosis through liver biopsy and in that any treatment wasn’t started yet were taken into the study. Liver biopsy samples were evaluated according to Knodell’s histology activity index. As once in the patient and control group, Albumin, platelet, total cholesterol, Apolipoprotein A1, Apolipoprotein A2, Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein E, total lipid and other biochemical parameters were measured in the serum.Result: In patients with chronic hepatitis C, when compared with the control group, while alanine aminotransferase (104±11 and 21±11) IU/L, aspartat aminotransferase (74±5 and 19±7) IU/L and apolipoprotein A1 (137.68±38.46 and 119.27±19.84) mg/dl values were meaningfully high for each one (p<0.001), platelet (238±90 and 285±73) K/mm3, very-low density lipoprotein and total lipid values were found meaningfully low for each one (p<0.002). It wasn’t determined any relationship between liver stage, histological activity index (HAI) and lipid profile.Conclusion: HCV infection can lead to changes on serum lipid profile though its reason can’t be enlightened absolutely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Early detection of dyslipidemia and long-term prevention of atherosclerosis by controlling risk factors should begin in childhood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia according to non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in children and also evaluate serum non-HDL-C levels according to age groups, gender difference and living areas. Methods: Overall, 2896 children (1467 girls, 1429 boys) aged between 7-18 years, residing in urban and rural parts of Eskiflehir, Turkey, were enrolled in this randomized cross-sectional study. Serum non-HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were assessed in all participants of the study. Statistical analysis was performed Student's independent-samples T test for comparison of lipid parameters and relations between lipid parameters and age, anthropometric measurements, body fat percentage were evaluated by Pearson correlation test. Results: Serum non-HDL-C levels were significantly higher in girls (115.5±31.5mg/dl) than boys (106.7±30.2 mg/Dl) (p<0.001). For girls, serum non-HDL-C levels were higher in 7-10 year age group than in 11-14-year and 15-18-year age groups (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). For boys serum non-HDL-C levels of 7-10 year age group were significantly higher than in 11-14-year and 15-18-year age groups (p<0.001 for both). Serum non-HDL-C, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in girls than in boys especially in the 7-10-year-old age group. Serum TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels were higher in urban area residents, while serum TG levels were higher in rural area residents (p<0.001). Serum non-HDL-C levels were similar in residents of different living areas (p>0.05). In both sexes, non-HDL-C levels positively correlated with age and lipid parameters except HDL-C levels and also negatively correlated with HDL-C levels. In boys, non-HDL-C levels also correlated with total body fat percentage, weight, height. The prevalence of dyslipidemia according to non-HDL-C levels was higher (13.2%) in girls than boys (8.9%) (p<0.001). The prevalence of elevated non-HDL-C levels was higher in urban area residents than in rural area residents (p<0.05). The dyslipidemia prevalence according to non-HDL-C levels was similar with dyslipidemia prevalence according to serum LDL-C levels. Conclusion: Our results are indicative of the prevalence of dyslipidemia in children is considerably common in our population. Serum non-HDL-C levels could be used as an appropriate tool for detecting dyslipidemia in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to determine the fatty acid composition and lipid and protein levels of anchovy meal produced during the commercial fishing period. The protein content was 74.69%, 76.17% and 74.40% in November, December and January, respectively. The lipid content ranged from 8.57% to 9.14% for anchovy meal produced during the fishing season. The total saturated fatty acid content was 33.25%, 33.46%, and 33.61% in November, December and January, respectively. Within the saturated fraction, the major fatty acid was palmitic acid (C16:0), the content of which was 20.30%, 19.96% and 20.66%, respectively. The monounsaturated fatty acid contents ranged from 20.23% to 21.62%. Concerning the monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid (C18:1n-9) was present in larger percentages (12.29% to 13.44%) than the others. Among polyunsaturated fatty acids the largest concentration was for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3), varying from 17.44% to 19.16%. The eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) content, which is another important fatty acid, was between 7.52% and 8.36%. The concentrations of n-3 PUFA (27.04%-27.95%) of anchovy meal were higher than those of n-6 PUFA (4.14%-4.95%). The ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids of anchovy meal was 5.47 in November, 6.17 in December, and 6.75 in January. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]