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Objective: To compare the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol and dinoprostone for cervical ripening before diagnostic hysteroscopy in nulliparous women., Design: Placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized trial., Setting: Teaching and research hospital., Patient(s): Ninety women of reproductive age eligible for diagnostic hysteroscopy., Intervention(s): Randomly assignment to receive 400 μg of misoprostol (n = 30) or 10 mg of dinoprostone (n = 30) vaginally before diagnostic hysteroscopy, with a control group (n = 30) not receiving any cervical priming agent., Primary Outcome: the number of women requiring cervical dilatation; secondary outcomes: cervical width before surgery, duration of dilatation time, ease of dilatation, complications during surgical procedure, and side effects of the drugs., Result(s): In the placebo group, 23 patients required cervical dilatation compared with 17 in the misoprostol group and 9 in the dinoprostone group. The mean (± standard deviation) cervical widths for the placebo, misoprostol, and dinoprostone groups were 4.23 ± 0.43 mm, 5.43 ± 0.5 mm, and 5.83 ± 0.64 mm, respectively. These widths were statistically significantly different. The duration of dilatation was also statistically significantly longer in the control group., Conclusion(s): Vaginally administered dinoprostone before diagnostic hysteroscopy is more effective than misoprostol for inducing cervical priming. Further studies are required to elucidate the most efficient option with the least side effects for cervical ripening., Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT01620814., (Copyright © 2015 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Recurrent pregnancy loss is often defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses but there are no strict criteria for initiation of investigations after a miscarriage. We compared the frequency of uterine anomalies diagnosed by hysteroscopy following one, two and three or more miscarriages., Study Design: In our study 151 patients underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy following a missed or an incomplete abortion. Uterine septum, subseptum, arcuate uterus, and uterine hypoplasia are classified as congenital uterine anomalies and polyps, synechia, and submucous myomas are classified as acquired uterine abnormalities., Results: 151 Patients were enrolled in the study. The pregnancy numbers of the patients varied between 1 and 12. Sixty nine (46%) of the patients had one miscarriage, 42 (28%) had two miscarriages and 40 (26%) had three or more miscarriages. Diagnostic hysteroscopy revealed normal uterine cavity in 61.1% of the patients, congenital uterine anomalies in 20.4% and acquired uterine pathologies in 18.5%. Among the congenital anomalies, 14 (9.3%) were uterine septum, 10 (6.6%) were subseptate uterus, 4 (2.6%) were arcuate uterus and 3 (1.9%) were uterine hypoplasia. Among acquired abnormalities 14 (9.3%) were uterine synechia, 12 (7.9%) were endometrial polyps, and 2 (1.3%) were submucous myoma. Among patients who had one miscarriage 64.1% had a normal uterine cavity, 18.2% had congenital abnormalities and 17.7% had acquired uterine pathologies. Of patients with two miscarriages, 52% had a normal uterine cavity, 21.9% had congenital anomalies and 26.1% had acquired uterine pathology. In the three or more miscarriage group, 58.4% had normal uterine cavity, 25.3% had congenital anomalies, and 16.3% had acquired uterine pathology. We did not find any statistically significant difference between the number of miscarriages and pathologic diagnostic hysteroscopy findings., Conclusions: Post-abortion office hysteroscopy is a simple and efficient tool in the early diagnosis of congenital and acquired uterine pathologies. Diagnostic hysteroscopy can be performed after the first miscarriage in order to determine congenital and acquired uterine pathologies, with regard to the patient's age and anxiety level., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose of Investigation: Over the years, hysteroscopy has been increasingly performed for various gynecological disorders. In this study, we present a review of hysteroscopic procedures performed over a 7-year period., Methods: Five hundred and eighty hysteroscopic procedures performed at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Gaziantep, Turkey from 2002 to 2009 were reviewed particularly highlighting the preoperative indications, postoperative diagnoses and complications associated with the procedure retrospectively., Results: The most common indication for diagnostic hysteroscopy was infertility followed by AUB. The most common pathologies for referal to operative hysteroscopy were uterine septum, endometrial polyps, Asherman's syndrome, submucous myomas, and other uterine anomalies. The complication rate was 0.86% of the total hysteroscopies. False passage and uterine perforation were the most common acute complications. No late complications occurred., Conclusion: Our data is consistent with reports from other studies supporting that hysteroscopy is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure with a low rate of complications with certain surgical principles.

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus. Although the first and most important site for this parasite is the liver, it can be seen in pelvic organs as well. However, primary involvement is very rare. We report and discuss a case with a primary involvement of the uterus which was operated and confirmed by microscopic studies. In conclusion, the gynecologist should be aware of the possibility of hydatid cyst when a septated cystic mass is found in the pelvis.