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The Anamas Block is located at the apex of the Isparta Angle which is one of the most important tectonic structures of Anatolia. The Isparta Angle, which has a complex tectonic structure, was formed as a result of compressional and extensional tectonic events that initiated from the Late Cretaceous continuing to the present. The GPS and kinematic data indicate the Anamas Block currently rotates clockwise due to the impact of the normal faults (Beyşehir Gölü and Sarıidris) with a minor right lateral strike-slip component on the east and west boundaries, while it is moved to the southeast by the effect of the normal fault (Gelendost) bounding the block from the north. In this study, paleoseismological trench investigations were carried out on the Sarıidris, Gelendost and Beyşehir Gölü faults. Data related with activity and fault kinematics of all three faults during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene period was collected on the trench walls. Sedimentological and structural evidences were observed for one earthquake on the Sarıidris, Beyşehir Gölü faults, and two earthquakes on the Gelendost Fault, which resulted in surface rupture during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Within the Aegean extensional system, the İzmir-Balıkesir Transfer Zone (İBTZ) is a crucial element in the late Cenozoic evolution of western Anatolia since it accommodates the differential deformation between the Cycladic and the Menderes metamorphic core complexes. Here, we determine the rotational history of western Anatolia using new paleomagnetic data from 87 sites in Miocene volcano-sedimentary rocks to better understand the role of the İBTZ. Our results reveal two discrete and opposite major rotational phases during the Miocene. The first phase is derived from early Miocene volcanic, sedimentary and granitic rocks and is controlled by detachment and strike-slip faults. It is characterized by an average (net) 23 ± 6 ° clockwise (CW) rotation within the İBTZ since the early Miocene. Our new data from the Menderes part on the other hand show an average − 23 ± 10 ° counter-clockwise (CCW) rotation. The data from the Cycladic part show no significant (net) rotation since the early Miocene. The second phase is derived from middle–late Miocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks and is controlled by high-angle normal and strike-slip faults. The rotations from this phase show a very consistent pattern of − 22 ± 11 ° CCW within the İBTZ, while now the Menderes part shows an average CW rotation of 25 ± 14 ° . Our paleomagnetic results hence document a major change and inversion of rotation. Between the early and late Miocene the İBTZ region experienced a large 45° CW rotation, while during the same time interval the Menderes part outside the zone experienced a similar (48°) CCW rotation. After that, the İBTZ became narrower and the sense of rotation inverted to CCW ( − 23 ± 10 ° since the late Miocene), while in the Menderes part it inverted to CW ( 25 ± 14 ° since the late Miocene). Our new results do therefore fit the hypotheses of two-stage-extension scenario, rather than a one-single-phase of extension. We also conclude that the observed rotations are not directly related to major detachment faulting, but to the change in extensional regime of western Anatolia. The focal mechanism solutions of recent seismic events corroborate that the İBTZ is still active and transfers west Anatolian extensional strain into the south Aegean Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In our study, we wanted emergency medicine physicians who were working in several cities in our country to investigate the number, time, variety, and content of compulsory rotations of emergency medicine physician student (EMPS) education. We aimed to find out the beneficial factors about rotations in EMPS education. Material and Methods: A questionnaire form (28 questions) was applied to emergency physicians about rotations of EMPS. Results: We included 294 physicians into the study. We found that time period of all rotations except cardiology and radiology should stay the same; the time period of these two rotations should be longer. When we asked if 'this rotation should be removed or elective?', participants' answers were chest disease, neurology, gynecology, surgery, and anesthesiology consecutively. Conclusion: For reaching the real aims of rotations, suitable rotations should be provided to emergency residents, and they should be able to improve themselves at the educational point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC) exposes metamorphic, ophiolitic and igneous rocks that were formed and deformed during closure of the Neotethyan ocean. The CACC is located in central Turkey, between the Pontides in the north and the Taurides in the south, separated by major fault zones. Composite plutons intruded the meta-sedimentary and ophiolitic units between ∼95 and 75Ma, and form linear magmatic belts (∼100km long) along the western and northern margins of the CACC. Exhumation of the metamorphic and igneous complex was finalized by the Paleocene time. In this study, we paleomagnetically study fifteen plutons spanning the entire non-deformed upper Cretaceous granitoid belt to test whether the initial configuration of the CACC was modified by vertical axis rotations after its exhumation. Our results show three internally coherent domains with significantly different vertical-axis rotations: (1) in the north-east, the Akdağ–Yozgat block (AYB) records ∼15° clockwise rotation, (2) in the north-west, the Kırşehir–Kırıkkale block (KKB) shows ∼6–9° counterclockwise rotation and (3) in the south-west, the Ağaçören–Avanos block (AAB) shows 28–35° counterclockwise rotation. We propose that these rotations were accommodated by two transpressional fault zones: in the south, the existing Savcılı Thrust Zone between the AYB and KKB and in the north, the newly introduced Delice–Kozaklı Fault Zone between the KKB and AAB. The restored configuration of the CACC suggests that the three blocks were largely aligned in a ∼NNE orientation at an early stage of their history. Consequently, since the late Cretaceous the shape of the CACC was affected by large scale deformation, resulting in its modern triangular geometry. This deformation phase is best explained as a result of collision of the CACC with the Pontides. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study analyses the students' performances in two-dimensional transformation geometry and explores the mistakes made by the students taking the analytic geometry course given by researchers. An examination was given to students of Education Faculties who have taken the analytic geometry course at Eskisehir Osmangazi University in Turkey. The subject of this study included 126 third-year students in the Department of Mathematics Education. Data were collected from a seven questions exam. This exam consisted of three procedural questions, two conceptual questions and two procedural-conceptual questions. In data analysis, a descriptor code key was used. When the students' overall performances were considered for all seven questions, the results showed that they did not understand how to apply rotation transformation. The mostly observed mistakes showed that the students seemed to know the algebraic meaning of translation and also rotation but they did not seem to understand the geometric meaning of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Insights into tectonic processes operating in ancient ocean basins are provided by analyses of fragments of oceanic lithosphere preserved as ophiolites during collisional orogenesis. Here we present a palaeomagnetic analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Hatay (Kizil Dağ) ophiolite of Turkey that provides evidence for intraoceanic microplate rotation and variations in ridge axis orientation in a Neotethyan ocean basin. Magnetizations at 46 sites are shown to be pre-deformational in origin and rotated from the relevant reference direction. A net tectonic rotation approach to the analysis of the data provides information on permissible net rotation poles and angles and allows uncertainties in input vectors to be considered. Results demonstrate that all levels of the ophiolite have been rotated anticlockwise by angles in excess of 90° around steeply inclined axes. The Hatay ophiolite formed in the same supra-subduction zone spreading system as the Troodos ophiolite (Cyprus), which is known to have rotated 90° anticlockwise in an intraoceanic setting in the Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene. By considering our results in the context of the known timing of the Troodos rotation, we infer that 50–60° of rotation of the Hatay ophiolite took place as part of an areally extensive “Troodos microplate”. This phase of rotation was triggered by initial impingement of the Arabian continental margin with the Neotethyan subduction trench, consistent with models for modern day oceanic microplate rotation in complex convergent plate boundaries. The Hatay ophiolite then became detached from the actively rotating microplate and was emplaced onto the Arabian margin in the Maastrichtian, undergoing a further 30–40° of anticlockwise rotation during thrusting. Back-stripping of rotations allows correction of the Hatay sheeted dykes to their initial orientations. The restored dyke trend of 020° differs from that inferred previously for the Troodos sheeted dyke complex, demonstrating a primary variation in orientation of Neotethyan spreading axes. Such variability is commonly observed in modern spreading systems in marginal basins; these may act as analogues for the supra-subduction zone spreading inferred for many ophiolites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Two important tectonic phases generated by African and Arabian plate movements influenced the evolution of trends in SE Turkey's oilfields. The main phase occurred during the late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) time, while the second phase reactivated the existing trends in Miocene. Paleogeological evolutions reveal that SE Turkey was tectonically stable from Paleozoic up to the end of Cretaceous, during which the structural trends were oriented in a WSW-ENE direction, contrarily, under the influence of opening of the Red Sea area, the existing trends rotated in a counterclockwise direction and oriented in a SW-NE direction. This rotational tectonic event is evidenced by SW-NE alignments of SE Turkey's oilfields in subsurface and Karacadag basaltic expensions and appearance of major faults, like the Dead Sea fault, Adiyaman fault, and Akcakale fault, on surface. Subsurface interpretations indicate that, contrarily to the previous works, which considered the Dead Sea fault and Adiyaman fault separate tectonic features from each other and also attached them to the East Anatolian fault, the Adiyaman fault is the continuity of the Dead Sea fault through the Adiyaman, Diyarbakir and Selmo areas. The Akcakale fault, which generated the Karacadag basaltic flows, is another tectonic element and has influenced the exploration activities in SE Turkey. Moreover, detailed interpretations of well data reveal that the SW-NE structural trends also improved reservoir conditions by creating fractures and dolomitizations in reservoir rocks, and the high geothermal and potential (piezometric) gradients and porosity trends are also aligned in the same direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cappadocian ignimbrite succession of central-southern Anatolia comprises at least nine major and two minor calc-alkaline rhyolitic sheets emplaced at 1–2-Ma intervals between 11.2 and 1.1 Ma. It records the last phase of Neotethyan subduction during final emplacement of the Tauride orogen in southern Turkey. This study reports magnetostratigraphy and describes associated rock magnetic properties. Remanence resides in Ti-poor titanomagnetites. Haematisation is locally produced by post-emplacement oxidation but does not contribute significantly to the palaeomagnetic signature although secondary processes within the ignimbrite sheets have produced composite isothermal remanent magnetisation spectra and variable intensities of magnetisation. Weak anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility describes tensors with maximum axes close to bedding and minimum axes perpendicular to this plane. Directions of kmax with weak imbrication mostly suggest flow away from centres of eruption located by gravity and remote sensing. Older ignimbrites (Upper and Lower Go¨reme, Akdag-Zelve) from the C¸ardak Centre are all of normal polarity. Later ignimbrites, partly erupted from the Derinkuyu Centre, comprise the Sarımaden (R), Cemilko¨y (R), Tahar (R), Kızılkaya (R), Incesu (N) and Valibaba-Sofular (R) ignimbrites. The overall (reversed) group mean is D/I=174/−51° (N=10 units, R=9.84, α95=6.6°, k=55) and all magnetisation directions from the Upper Go¨reme (9.0 Ma) onwards are rotated anticlockwise with respect to Eurasian and African palaeofields. This sense of rotation characterises most of central Anatolia and averages 9±5° in this sector. The rotation rate from 8 to 1 Ma BP was ∼1.25°/Ma but it appears to have accelerated during the latter part of the Quaternary to about an order higher than rates determined from GPS. Rotation has resulted from extrusion of fault blocks during tectonic escape of the Anatolian collage to the southwest and followed crustal thickening as the Afro-Arabia Plate has continued to impinge differentially into Eurasia. Cenozoic magnetic inclinations are systematically shallower across Anatolia than inclinations expected from the geocentric dipole model and the apparent polar wander of bordering major plates. Only part of this difference (∼400 km) can be accommodated by northward movement and crustal thickening in Central Anatolia since mid-Miocene times. Shallow inclinations observed in the Aegean region extend into Turkey; they are observed in young volcanics and appear to reflect a regional geomagnetic anomaly. The pattern of neotectonic declinations across Anatolia shows rotations that are strongly anticlockwise rotated in the east near the Arabian pincer but diminish towards the west to become zero or slightly clockwise at the western extremity of the collage. Rotations also seem to become generally younger towards the south. Crustal deformation has therefore been distributed and the net effect of terrane extrusion to the west and south has been to expand the curvature of the Tauride Arc and, by inference, the Cyprus Arc. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Paleomagnetic results from the Marmara region were reported since the Late Cretaceous. • Middle Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary rocks show counterclockwise rotation of 27°. • The Thrace Basin, İstanbul Zone and the Sakarya Zone were considered as a stable area. • Deformation was found to be associated with the westwards movement of the Anatolian plate. The Marmara region (northwestern Turkey) is located along the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt, and consists of tectonic fragments of the İstanbul Zone, the Rhodope Strandja Massif, the Sakarya Zone and the Thrace basin. The Middle Eocene-Lower Miocene sedimentary rocks of the Thrace Basin covers a large area over the Rhodope Strandja Massif. It has been reported that the İstanbul Zone began to migrate southward, away from the Moesia Platform, along the dextral Western Black Sea Fault to the west and the sinistral Western Crimean Fault to the east, post the opening of the Western Black Sea in the Late Cretaceous. The İstanbul Zone and the Sakarya Zone collided after the closure of the Intra-Pontide Ocean in the Early Eocene. In this study, the Upper Cretaceous–Oligocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks, sampled from 90 sites in the Marmara region, were used to examine the deformation history of the Marmara region since Late Cretaceous. Our palaeomagnetic data showed counterclockwise rotation of R ± ΔR = 33.2° ± 9.8° and R ± ΔR = 28.5° ± 6.8° in the Sakarya Zone, for periods of Late Cretaceous and Middle Eocene-Oligocene, respectively. Similar rotations were detected from the Middle Eocene to Oligocene rocks in the Thrace Basin and the İstanbul Zone. Our results indicate that the tectonic entities in this region were underwent a post-Oligocene counterclockwise rotation of ca. 27° due to the westwards movement of the Anatolian plate, regardless of fault affected block deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to ascertain the effect of gender and cultural habits on hip, knee and ankle range of motion (ROM) and to determine the differences between the ROM of right and left side symmetric joints of the lower extremities., Methods: The study included 987 (513 males and 474 females) healthy volunteers. Individuals with a history of illness, prior surgery or trauma involving any joint of either lower extremity were excluded from the study. The terminology and techniques of measurements used were those suggested by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons., Results: Left side passive hip flexion and active internal rotation was higher than the right side. Passive flexion of the hip joint was higher in male subjects and internal and external rotation was higher in female subjects. In the knee joint, passive extension was higher in males. Plantarflexion and inversion of the ankle joint were higher in male subjects and dorsiflexion and eversion were higher in female subjects. The differences were considered insignificant in clinical terms as all were less than 3 degrees., Conclusion: There is no clinically significantly difference between right and left side hip, knee and ankle joints ROM. Gender and cultural habits do not appear to have clinically significantly effects on lower extremity joint ROM.

Twenty-eight children with femoral shaft fractures, treated with early spica cast, were evaluated with computed tomography (CT), for their femoral shaft rotational deformities. The femoral torsion angles were measured on both sides. If the torsion angle of the fractured side was more than the other side, it was considered as an internal rotational deformity and if it was less, it was considered as an external rotational deformity. Internal rotational deformities were detected in nine cases and external rotational deformities were detected in 17 cases. Rotational deformity was not observed in two cases. Four cases, with a rotational deformity more than 10 degrees, were corrected with a gypsotomy through the level of the fracture. We concluded that a rotational deformity, which is an important complication in conservative treatment of the femoral shaft fractures in children, can be determined exactly with CT and corrections on the spica cast can be made with a gypsotomy.