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Rosa damascena Miller known as 'Oil rose, Isparta rose' in Türkiye was a species complex. It is considered to be formed by hybridization. There is not type specimen and no exact description of it. Economic importance of the species is very high. But, its systematic basis remained very weak. The study was conducted between 2009-2016. In the study, it was aimed to examine samples belonging to R. damascena found in Türkiye and to re-evaluate the taxonomical status of its allied taxa. Totally 164 samples were collected from gardens in all regions of Türkiye. The studies were conducted on herbarium materials and observations of living samples in gardens. There were three varieties of R. damascena in the country. These varieties were recorded as R. d. var. trigintipetala, R. d. var. semperflorens, and R. d. var. versicolor. However, there were no identification keys, descriptions, and type specimens of the varieties. In this study, R. damascena (including var. trigintipetala) has been redefined and its taxonomical foundation strengthened. Other varieties (var. semperflorens and var. versicolor) have been upgraded to the species category and renamed as Rosa stipulata sp. nov., Rosa comantema sp. nov., respectively to systematical rules. Lectotype of R. damascena was created and its current description was prepared. Our studies on the naming, description, and classification of cultivars continue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosa damascena Mill. is the most prominent rose source for the manufacturing of rose oil, rose water, concrete, and absolute from flower petals. The purpose of this study was to see how different harvest dates affected the essential oil components and rates obtained from flowers in oil rose planted for the first time in Turkey's Mardin Province. Blossoms were taken five times with three replications, at around one-week intervals, from a garden in the Yaylabaşı district at 6:00 a.m. (4, 11, 18, 24, and 31 May). Animal manure and leonardite were used instead of chemical fertilizers for plants. No chemical pesticides have been applied. Essential oil components of the oils obtained by a water distillation system (Clevenger apparatus) were determined by GC/MS. The citronellol ratio, which is the most important component for the quality of the essential oil in the plant, was found to be highest (35.90%) in the first harvest period and lowest in the last harvest period (17.57%). Geraniol levels decreased in the first three harvests, with the greatest level (27.16%) coming in the last harvest. The percentages of citronellol/geraniol varied between 1.51 and 0.65 depending on the different harvest dates. Nerol rates peaked at 15.44% on the first harvest, progressively declined until the fourth harvest (7.92%), then slightly increased on the fifth harvest. Nonadecane continuously increased from the first to the last harvest (4.10%-11.66%). No methyl eugenol was detected. Mardin is a promising location for oil-bearing rose cultivation, given the essential oil components and their ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flower of oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.), with its characteristic floral scent is the most important source for cosmetic, food, parfume and pharmaceutical industries. Oil-bearing rose is cultured in many countries of the World, especially in Turkey, Bulgaria, Iran and India. In this research, it was aimed to compare the essential oil compounds detected by GC-FID of Turkish (Isparta), Bulgarian (Kazanlak), Iranian (Darab) and Indian (Kashmiri) rose oil samples, which were produced according to distillation methods of their own countries, based on international quality parameters (ISO 9842:2003). According to the results of analysis, while Turkish and Bulgarian rose oils were high in citronellol (34.05% and 31.06%, respectively), geraniol (16.55% and %21.11, respectively), and nerol (7.68% and 10.68%, respectively), Iranian rose oil were rich in nonadecane (23.56%), nonadecene (10.26%), and heneicosane (8.82%) at high ratios. The total monoterpene alcohols (oleoptens) were determined as 58.28%, 62.85% and 13.39%, respectively, and total aliphatic hydrocarbons (stearoptens) were determined as 17.03%, 20.55%, and 44.14%, respectively in Turkish, Bulgarian and Iranian rose oils. As a result, it was determined that Turkish and Bulgarian rose oils conformed to the international rose oil standard, while Iranian rose oil remained outside the standards and Indian rose oil partially complied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae) is commonly cultivated all over the world due to its fragrances, aromatic and medicinal properties. The plant has been usually utilized as astringent, analgesic, cardiac, and intestinal tonic in traditional medicine. This plant is cultured in mainly Isparta, Burdur, Afyon and Denizli in Turkey and known as "Isparta gülü, Şam gülü, yağ gülü". The goal of this study was to determine whether or the samples in different cities of Turkey sold with the name of "gül" carry qualities appropriate for the definition of herbal drug. Roses samples were obtained from 5 different cities in Turkey. Morphological characteristics of all samples were investigated and their purities were checked. The standard sample was obtained from Isparta. The cross and surface sections from the sepals and petals were investigated and determined. Furthermore, the characteristic anatomical structures of the powdered samples (standard sample and purchased samples) were determined. It was observed that the samples sold were usually composed of rosebuds. In anatomical examinations, unicellular non-glandular trichomes were densely observed in the sepal and petal. Calcium oxalate crystals and glandular trichomes with multicellular head and stalk were seen both the sepal and the petal, but glandular trichomes were seen rarely on the petal. Conical papillae and striated cuticle with epidermal cells were observed on the petal. As a result, it was found that the samples examined did not have the necessary properties to be herbal drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and impairment of language. Alzheimer’s disease is strongly associated with oxidative stress and impairment in the cholinergic pathway, which results in decreased levels of acetylcholine in certain areas of the brain. Hence, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity has been recognized as an acceptable treatment against Alzheimer’s disease. Nature provides an array of bioactive compounds, which may protect against free radical damage and inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. This study compares the in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of five cultivars of Rosa Damascena Mill. petals (R. damascena ‘Bulgarica’, R. damascena ‘Faik’, R. damascena ‘Iranica’, R. damascena ‘Complex-635’ and R. damascena ‘Complex-637’) from Isparta, Turkey. The antioxidant activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts were tested for ferric ion reduction and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was also evaluated. All rose cultivars showed a high potency for scavenging free radical and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity. There was a significant correlation between antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among cultivars, Complex-635 showed the highest inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 3.92 μg/mL. Our results suggest that all these extracts may have the potential to treat Alzheimer’s disease with Complex-635 showing more promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out during 2006-07 in oil rose (Rosa damascena) production areas in the Lakes region of Turkey. During the months of April and August, leaf samples showing virus and virus-like symptoms were collected periodically from rose plantations. During surveys, photos of typical virus symptoms were taken. A total of 218 samples from 10 oil rose growing plantations were collected. All samples were tested for Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Among the samples tested, ArMv, PNRSV, and ApMV were found in 51.8%, 35.7%, and 17.8% of the collection, respectively. Serological tests also indicate that ArMV is the most common virus on oil rose varieties. Mixed infections of ArMV+PNRSV, ArMV+ApMV, PNRSV+ApMV, and ArMV+PNRSV+ApMV were also detected in the rose samples tested. An infection by ArMV, PNRSV, and ApMV, either singly or in combination, is usually responsible for rose mosaic disease. However, mixed infections of PNRSV and ArMV were detected in 54 rose samples tested. Inoculation with extracts from ArMV-positive plants produced systemic vein banding on Cucumis sativus, chlorotic local lesions on French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and systemic mosaic on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Inoculation with extracts from PNRSV-positive plants produced systemic mosaic, stunting, and vein banding on C. sativus, and necrotic local lesions on cowpea. Inoculation with extracts from ArMV-positive plants produced necrotic local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor and Chenopodium quinoa, and chlorotic local lesions, mottling, and systemic mosaic on C. sativus. As a result, the existence of ArMV, PNRSV, and ApMV were found in this region. This is the first study of the occurrence and incidence of ApMV on oil rose in Turkey. In addition, symptoms caused by Rose spring dwarf virus and Rose rosette virus were observed in these plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosa damascena Mill. is the most important rose species for rose oil production. The main rose oil producers in the world are Turkey and Bulgaria and they obtain the rose oil almost exclusively from R. damascena. In spite of coming from the same original populations, R. damascena plants grown in Turkey show some morphological differences. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the genetic relationships among R. damascena plants grown in Turkey by using microsatellite and AFLP markers. Twenty three AFLP and nine microsatellite primer pairs were used for this aim. No polymorphism could be detected among the plants, as the marker patterns obtained from different plants are identical. The conclusion from these data is that all R. damascena plants under study are derived from the same original genotype by vegetative propagation. Furthermore, the observed morphological differences originate from point mutations not detectable by molecular markers. Therefore, they are equivalent to sport mutations frequently observed in cut and garden rose varieties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

late viviparous females of Wahlgreniella nervata (Gillette) were found on a Damask rose ( Rosa damascena Mill.) plantation in Isparta Province, Turkey. The aphid is recorded for the first time from Turkey. Besides, Damask rose is a new host for this species. Brief information about this aphid including a key to the alate females of aphid species known to infest Damask rose in Turkey is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]