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Background: The imbalance in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory hormones secreted by the increase in fat tissue causes chronic inflammation in the fat tissue. It is thought that this chronic inflammation causes metabolic complications resulting from obesity. Kefir is a type of probiotic that has recently attracted attention in the fight against obesity. This study aimed to examine the effects of kefir consumption on lipid profile and Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin and Irisin/FNDC5 in the high fat diet fed BALB/C mouse model. Materials and Methods: BALB/C strain male mice were divided into three groups: control group (n = 10), high fat diet (HFD) (n = 10) and HFD + Kefir (n = 10). Mice were fed specific dietary patterns for eight weeks. The control group was given standard pellet feed. The HFD group was given a high-fat diet containing 52% fat. In addition to the high-fat feed, 15 ml/kg kefir was given to the HFD+Kefir group via oral gavage. Lipid profile was measured on an autoanalyzer using commercial kits. Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin and Irisin/FNDC5 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercially available kits. Results: As a result of the experiment, there was no difference between the live weight gains of the groups. Epididymal fat weights in the HFD and HFD+Kefir groups were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group. There was no significant difference between the epididymal fat weights of the HFD and HFD+Kefir groups HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C) values in the HFD and HFD+Kefir groups were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group. No statistically significant difference was detected between the HFD+Kefir group and the HFD group in terms of HDLC, LDL-C values. There was no difference between groups in triglyceride values. Adiponectin and Irisin/FNDC5 values of the HFD+Kefir group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the other groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the control group and the HFD group in terms of Adiponectin and Irisin/FNDC5 values. There was no significant difference between the groups in Leptin and Resistin values. Conclusions: It was thought that kefir may have metabolic effects through adipokines in the high-fat diet nutrition model, and it would be useful to support this with human studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is one of the most common vasculitic diseases of childhood. Considering the effects of resistin in inflammation, we hypothesized that resistin was important in the pathogenesis of HSP. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the serum and urinary resistin levels of patients with HSP and compare them with those of healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: The study was performed between March 2015 and September 2015 at University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics. Fifteen children with HSP were evaluated during the acute phase and compared with fifteen healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Results: Atotal of 30 children, 15 of whom were in the HSP group participated in the study. There were fifteen children with a median age of 8.65±4.35 years in the HSP group, of whom 9 (60%) were male and 6 (40%) were female. In the control group, there were 15 children with 6 (60%) males and 4 (40%) females, aged 3 to 16 years. The serum resistin level of the HSP group (53.96±33.61 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of the control group (19.46±4.42 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). Similarly, the mean urinary resistin level of the patients in the HSP group (116,36±69,54 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in the control group (29,39±29,66 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). In the HSP group there was no correlation between mean serum resistin level and CRP, WBC (r = 0.038, P = 0.892 and r = 0.236, P = 0.343, respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed with respect to the presence of arthritis (P = 0.439). Conclusions: The effects of resistin in vasculitic disorders have not been clearly demonstrated so far. In our study serum and urinary resistin levels were significantly higher in patients with acute stage of HSP than that in the healthy control group. According to our results, serum and urinary resistin levels could be used as a diagnostic or prognostic marker and be considered as a secondary epiphenomenon in children with HSP. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms by which serum and urinary resistin levels elevate in HSP patients with kidney involvement and relapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Alcoholism is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. The most widely accepted hypothesis of its etiology is multidimensional and includes biological, psychological, and sociological factors. The biological factors have been the focus of investigation. In recent years, pathways related to nutrition and the relationship between alcohol addiction and craving have been studied. Our aim was to explore the relationship between the appetite hormones (adiponectin, ghrelin, and resistin) and alcohol craving. Methods Blood samples were obtained from 107 male patients over a 7-day period. Levels of adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin, the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale ( OCDS) score, and the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale ( PACS) score were assessed on days 0 and 7. Adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin levels were also tested in 83 healthy males in the control group. Results The sample group consisted of 190 males (107 patients and 83 healthy controls). Comparison of alcohol craving scales with biological markers in the patient group showed a positive correlation between adiponectin levels and the OCDS compulsive subscale scores, and a positive correlation between ghrelin levels and the OCDS total and compulsive subscale scores and the PACS resistance subscale scores. Resistin levels were negatively correlated with the OCDS total, obsessive subscale, and compulsive subscale scores. Conclusions Although we did not observe a significant relationship between craving and any of the 3 biomarkers on day 0, craving was positively correlated with the levels of adiponectin and ghrelin and negatively correlated resistin levels on day 7. Our findings support the hypothesis that appetite hormones are trait markers for alcohol craving. Nevertheless, more conclusive results require future studies that evaluate the relationship between these hormones and withdrawal/detoxification period or long-term soberness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic potential of resistin in sepsis and to compare results with C-reactive protein (CRP) in infants < 32 weeks of gestation. Study Design A total of 64 infants were prospectively included in the study. Blood samples were collected for basal CRP and resistin within the first hour of life. When sepsis was suspected, samples were collected for CRP and resistin before the treatment was started (pretreatment CRP and resistin). On the third day of sepsis, CRP and resistin levels were measured for evaluating the treatment response (follow-up CRP and followup resistin). Culture-proven septic patients were divided into groups according to early or late-onset sepsis (EOS and LOS) and gram-negative or gram-positive sepsis (GNS and GPS). Results Pretreatment and follow-up resistin levels were significantly higher than basal resistin levels in both EOS and LOS groups (p < 0.01), with a positive correlation with CRP levels. To predict the GNS and GPS area under curve, values of pretreatment CRP and resistin were 0.714 and 0.984, respectively (p = 0.039). Conclusion Resistin had a superior potential to that of CRP in the diagnosis of sepsis in preterm infants. Resistin may be used as an early marker for sepsis in premature infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Psoriasis is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the skin. Despite previous extensive studies, etiology is still unclear. Obesity is a significant risk factor for psoriasis and body mass index (BMI) correlates with the disease severity. In recent years, the relationship between psoriasis and adipose tissue cytokines has been reported. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the levels of adipose tissue cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and resistin in psoriasis patients and to evaluate their relation with disease severity. Material and Methods: Our study was performed between January 2010 and February 2010 on a total of 40 patients who were admitted to Abant Izzet Baysal University, Medical School Clinic of Dermatology with complaints of psoriasis. Additionally, forty healthy individuals whose age, gender and BMI did not differ from the patients’ ones formed the control group. TNF-α, IL-6, and resistin levels were measured in both the patients diagnosed with psoriasis and the control group using ELISA methods. The t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to examine the differences between the two groups. Results: In our study, TNF-α, IL-6, and resistin levels were all significantly elevated in the patient group, and serum IL-6 and resistin correlated with disease severity. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score showed statistically significant association with IL-6 and resistin levels. Furthermore, it was detected that BMI did not correlate with serum TNF-α, IL-6, and resistin levels. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that TNF-α, IL-6, and resistin play a part in psoriasis etiopathogenesis, and IL-6 and resistin can be used as markers to assess the severity of the disease. Also, our study showed that the elevation in serum TNF-α, IL-6, and resistin levels is independent from the increase in adipose tissue. Larger studies are needed to support our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension and obesity are risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The association between C-reactive protein, homocysteine, microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk have been debated for decades. Resistin is a newly discovered adipocyte derived cytokine. In the current study we planned to investigate the relation of resistin to these probable cardiovascular risk factors and obesity in hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 42 non-obese and 42 obese hypertensive females. After making comparisons between C-reactive protein, homocysteine, microalbuminuria and resistin in the two groups, we also sought correlations between all parameters in non-obese and obese groups. Results: In our obese hypertensive group, resistin levels were higher than in the non-obese hypertensive group (p < 0.001), but we did not find any difference in other parameters. We found a positive correlation between resistin and C-reactive protein in both non-obese and obese hypertensive groups (in non-obese hypertensives p < 0.05, and in obese hypertensives p < 0.001). Conclusions: We showed that in female obese hypertensive patients resistin levels were higher than in the non-obese patients. We also think that resistin may be associated with Creactive protein levels but not with homocysteine or microalbuminuria in both non-obese and obese hypertensive patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The demonstration that adipose tissue produces numerous cytokines increases interest of investigators in their role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Resistin is one of those cytokines. There are conflicing reports as cigarette smoking impairs insulin secretion, augments insulin resistance, or has no effect on glucose metabolism. In our study, we intended to examine the relationship of obesity with resistin levels in smokers and nonsmokers. Patients and Methods: The study included 52 male smokers and 34 age matched nonsmoker male control subjects. We classified smoker and nonsmoker groups according to their body mass index as BMI < 27 and ≥27. As well as making physical and anthropometric examinations, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, postprandial plasma glucose, lipid profile, and resistin levels were measured in all male subjects. We compared all parameters in smoker and nonsmokers either having BMI < 27 or ≥27. Results: In both BMI levels, resistin levels were higher in smoker groups than nonsmoker ones (P<0.01 all), we did not find any difference in other parameters. Conclusion: in conclusion we may speculate that if someone smokes resistin levels increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:Many different factors are involved in the pathogenesis of preterm deliveries and among them maternal or perinatal infections and inflammatory response have the major role. Researches were carried out about resistin, which is thought to have a role in inflammatory cytokine cycle and it was shown to be associated with growth in neonates. However, no research has been carried out showing its relationship with inflammation in neonates. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the resistin levels in premature neonates and the effect of events such as preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROMs) and the use of antenatal steroids on these levels.Study Design:The study included 118 preterm neonates. Their medical data together with their mothers' were recorded. Serum resistin levels together with interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin were evaluated in the first 2 h of life.Result:Mean gestational age and birth weight of babies included in the study were 29.6±2.7 weeks and 1306.4±393.4 g, respectively. Babies with PPROMs had significantly higher levels of resistin ((n=30); 70.7 (7.8 to 568.4) ng ml-1) than babies without PPROM ((n=88); 25.9 (5.5 to 528.9) ng ml-1) (P=0.005), and the babies of mothers who received antenatal steroids had significantly lower resistin levels ((n=44); 20.8 (5.5 to 159.9) ng ml-1) than the babies of mothers who did not ((n=66); 34.6 (7.2 to 568.4) ng ml-1) (P=0.015). There were significant correlations between resistin and IL-6 levels and between IL-6 and procalcitonin and CRP levels in babies whose mothers did not receive antenatal steroids. However, no correlation was found between these parameters in babies whose mothers received antenatal steroids.Conclusion:Preterm delivery and PPROM involve complex cascade of events including inflammation, and steroids are potent anti-inflammatory agents. Elevated resistin levels in babies with PPROM and suppressed levels in babies whose mothers received antenatal steroids reported in this study might have been observed as a result of the effects of fetal inflammation on resistin levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Low vitamin D (vitD) has been linked to increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, but the effects of vitD supplementation are not clarified. We evaluated the impact of vitD normalization on HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), which inversely correlates with CV risk, the proatherogenic serum cholesterol loading capacity (CLC), adipokine profile and subclinical atherosclerosis., Methods and Results: Healthy premenopausal women with vitD deficiency (n = 31) underwent supplementation. Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), measured with standard techniques. HDL CEC and serum CLC were measured by a radioisotopic and fluorimetric assay, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in HDL was quantified by the TBARS assay. Pre-β HDL was assessed by 2D-electrophoresis. Serum adipokines were measured by ELISA. VitD replacement restored normal levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and significantly improved FMD (+4%; p < 0.001), PWV (-4.1%: p < 0.001) and AIx (-16.1%; p < 0.001). Total CEC was significantly improved (+19.5%; p = 0.003), with a specific increase in the ABCA1-mediated CEC (+70.8%; p < 0.001). HDL-MDA slightly but significantly decreased (-9.6%; p = 0.027), while no difference was detected in pre-β HDL. No change was observed in aqueous diffusion nor in the ABCG1-mediated CEC. Serum CLC was significantly reduced (-13.3%; p = 0.026). Levels of adiponectin were increased (+50.6%; p < 0.0001) and resistin levels were decreased (-24.3%; p < 0.0001). After vitD replacement, an inverse relationship was found linking the ABCA1-mediated CEC with pre-β HDL (r 2  = 0.346; p < 0.001) and resistin (r 2  = 0.220; p = 0.009)., Conclusion: Our data support vitD supplementation for CV risk prevention., (Copyright © 2018 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) may present with a mild clinical course or else exhibit a severe profile with potentially fatal hemorrhaging. The pathogenesis of the disease has not yet been well described. Cytokines have recently been investigated in order to explain the pathogenesis. The latest reports show that adipokines are powerful inflammation modulators. This study investigated the effect of adipokines (resistin, leptin, and adiponectin) and ghrelin on disease severity in CCHF patients by testing their serum levels. This retrospective study was conducted with patients with CCHF hospitalized at the Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty in Turkey. Patients were divided into severe and non-severe groups. Serum adipokine levels of patients with CCHF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fifty-three patients with confirmed CCHF were investigated. Twenty-five (47.2%) of these patients constituted the severe group. Serum resistin levels in the severe and non-severe groups were 108.9 ± 24.7 ng/ml and 77.5 ± 27.7 ng/ml (P < 0.001), leptin levels 15.5 ± 9.8 and 11.2 ± 5.1 ng/ml (P = 0.074), adiponectin levels 26.8 ± 18.9 and 27.4 ± 16.3 ng/ml (P = 0.903) and ghrelin levels 57.1 ± 48.7 and 200.9 ± 182.7 ng/ml (P = 0.001), all respectively. This study confirms that significant changes in serum levels of resistin and ghrelin take place in severe CCHF., (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)