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Distance education is an education type applied under ordinary and extraordinary conditions. This type of education has synchronous and asynchronous dimensions of realization. It can be said that computer-based internet technologies gain significance in a process where any of these dimensions are used. In these technology-supported learning environments, it is remarkable that the teacher and the student are in different perimeters. In this context, it can be stated that the concept of "distance education" requires a particular perspective, and the existing mentality of people diverts this perspective. Therefore, this study primarily aims to determine the teachers' perceptions of distance education concepts according to their genders by using mental imageries. The working group of this research, which was prepared according to the qualitative methods, consisted of 100 teachers (38 males and 62 females) who served in various academic majors in public and private educational institutions in many provinces of Turkey during the 2020-2021 school year. The study data were obtained through a survey in which the participant teachers filled in the blank spaces in the sentence of " Distance education is similar to ... because ... ". Study data were interpreted using the content analysis technique. Regarding the distance education concept, teachers produced mental imageries under twelve different themes. When these various themes were evaluated, it was observed that the teachers mostly formed their mental imagery by considering the "Image of Nature" theme.

In this study, in which the levels of ethnocentrism of those who teach Turkish as a foreign language were examined in line with various variables, the general survey model within the scope of descriptive research was implemented. The research was carried out with 185 instructors who teach Turkish as a foreign language in various state or private institutions in the 2020-2021 academic year. In order to assess the ethnocentrism level of teachers, a 5-item Likert-type Ethnocentrism Scale, comprised of 20 questions, developed by Neuliep and McCroskey (1997) and which was later adapted to Turkish by Üstün (2011) was used. In the study, it was found that the levels of ethnocentrism of those who teach Turkish as a foreign language differ significantly according to such variables as gender, age, their holding a Turkish teaching certificate for foreigners and to the MA program they graduated from, yet it was also concluded that there was no significant difference according to the other variables as the institution they work for, the department they studied in, whether they know a foreign language, where they teach Turkish, and their intercultural communication competence.

In this study, the orthography and punctuation problem was evaluated within the context of the curricula and textbooks. The data obtained from both sources were assessed by way of document reviews, and consequently, it was seen that the orthography and punctuation topics existed as learning outcomes only in the curricula for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th grades. No learning outcomes related to orthographic or punctuation rules were found in the curricula from the 6th grade to the 12th grade. The picture of the topic of orthographic and punctuation rules in the textbooks is even more blurred. These two topics were included in the textbooks for the first five grades in line with the learning outcomes of the curriculum. No activities related to orthographic and punctuation rules were seen in the textbooks for the 6, 7 and 8th grades. As a matter of fact, this situation ironically matches the curricula. As for the textbooks for the high school, even though the curriculum does not include, there are activities related to orthographic and punctuation rules. This complex situation is naturally reflected upon the teaching applications as well. Thus, the orthography and punctuation problems starting from the primary school continues through the secondary school and high school. The results of this study were compared with those of the studies in the literature, conducted on the orthography and punctuation mistakes of students.

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of playing soccer for a long time in for professional soccer players regarding sole pressure. Despite the increasing prevalence of new methods developed in the footpad pressure measurement in recent years, our knowledge about pressure distribution of the footplate is still insufficient, especially for sportsmen (Ford et al., 2006). Plantar pressure analysis system (EMED-SF) was used in the study. Statistically significant differences between the study groups were examined using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. According to the results of the research, there was no statistical difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of physical characteristics. However, significant results were found at (0.01-0.05) level in the beginning and grand total of heel medial, heel lateral, 1,2,3,4,5 metatars in the maximal force comparisons applied to the right and left foot contact area and the floor.

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of kids' athletics training program on their academic achievement and self-esteem. The kids' athletics training program is implemented for 14 weeks. The study consists of one experiment group (n: 95, 52 M, 43 F, age 10,92 ± 0,61 years old) and one control group (n: 148, 73 M, 75 F, age 10,90 ± 0,63 years old). These two groups consist of totally 243 children. The "Cooper Smith Self-esteem Questionnaire-Children's Form" whose reliability and validity was proved by Piskin in 1996 is used to measure the self-esteem [1]. Academic achievement values are identified by students' school reports. Following the pre-test, Kids athletics program whose duration is 60 minutes is implemented 3 days in a week for 14 weeks. In the last test, self-esteem and academic achievement measures of the students is done again. In the statistical analysis of the self-esteem and academic achievement of the experiment and control groups, it is seen that there is a significant increase in the total self-esteem (p:0,0377) and general self-esteem (p:0,0421) of the experimental group. Moreover, a significant increase is detected in Physical Education and Sports (p:0,0015), Music (p:0,0224), Turkish (p:0,0047) and Foreign Language (p:0,000) grades.

In this study, the academic suspension levels of the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences students and the Faculty of Education students in terms of age, gender, active sports making, department, graduated high school, mother education level, father education level, mother profession and father occupation variables have been examined. A total of 364 university students studying in the Faculty of Sport Sciences and the Faculty of Education in Gazi University, Hacettepe University and Ankara University were formed the Research group in the academic years 2017-2018. The Academic Suspension Scale developed by Çakici in 2003 was used in the study. It was compared average scores in unrelated measures, Variance Analysis (one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test) for comparison of mean scores in unrelated measures, the Tukey test to determine which groups had significant differences were used. In addition, a Pearson Correlation analysis was conducted to test the relationship between the particles collected in the single sub-dimension. Findings obtained from this research reveal that the students of Faculty of Sports Sciences showed more academic suspension behaviors than the students of Faculty of Education.

It is possible that running training for many years in athletics affects athletes' running patterns and sole structure. The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of maximal force applied to the floor area and contact area of the athletes with related to mid-distance training for athletics. 18 male athletes who represent Turkey on the International area and another 25 male volunteers who form the control group from the participants of the study. The sole pressure measurement of the participants was performed through the use of EMED-SF (Novel H, Munich, Germany) plantar pressure analysis system (pedobarographic analysis). In the study, significant differences were found in heel medial, heel lateral, foot middle, 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads and left foot 3rd, 4th, 5th finger in the contact area values of the right and left foot averages. Besides, significant differences were found in heel medial, middle part of feet, 2nd and 3rd metatarsal heads and 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th fingers in maximal force values. Athletes have pressed on sole of the feet more as a result of long-term training and as a consequence this pressure caused a change of the soles contact area and maximal strength. Also it can be said that they have used forefront part of soles more actively during running and walking.

This article exemplifies the politicisation of religious education that has polarised the Turkish Cypriot community and explores a possible approach to religious education for primary schools in north Cyprus. In the light of the long-standing debate, this study has a particular focus on the mandatory religious instruction in public primary schools and evaluates the textbooks and teachers' perceptions. Unlike lower and upper secondary schools, divinity classes have constantly been offered to primary school pupils since the 1960s. Religious education at the primary school level is a contentious issue on which the educational experts have been unable to reach a consensus, and continue to discuss on different perspectives. To this end, a comprehensive review of the content analysis of the primary school religious education textbooks and semistructured interviews with teachers and education specialists has been undertaken. Although this study is set in the north Cyprus context, it is also relevant for other conflict-affected societies as it describes the challenges of religious education, secularism and pluralism.

In this study, the purpose was to determine whether there was concordance among raters in the assessment of the writing performance using analytic rubric; furthermore, factors affecting the assessment process were examined. The analytic rubric used in the study consists of three sections and ten properties: External structure (format, spelling and punctuation), language and expression (vocabulary, sentences, paragraphs, and expression), organization (title, introduction, story, and conclusion). The basis of the study is composed of narrative texts written by 200 students studying at the sixth and seventh grades of schools located on the Anatolian side of Istanbul (i.e., Beykoz, Kadikoy, Umraniye, and Uskudar). Texts were assessed in accordance with the analytic rubric by six raters. It was determined that the concordance among raters was sufficient according to the results of the assessment. (Contains 2 tables.)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether or not deism is effective among students at Ankara University, as well as to develop a deism scale appropriate for the Turkish context. For this purpose, it was necessary to operationalize the concept of deism to identify four subcategories within it. These subcategories include distrust of religious institutions and organizations, the belief that God does not intervene in the world, independence from religious taboos and rules, and the choice of rationalism when reason and revelation conflict. The ranges in the deism questions, which were designed according to the Likert scale, were converted into a hundred-point system, and scored using an ideal theist scoring system of zero and an ideal deist scoring system of 100 to determine the level of influence of deism in each category. The research project was designed in 2018 and approved as decision number 289 at meeting number 09 of the Ankara University Ethics Committee on 19 July 2019. The study was conducted online using a haphazard sample of 453 students as a result of a number of difficulties encountered during the data collection period. There were 918 participants in the first phase of the study, but since the goal of the study was to measure the effectiveness of deism, atheists were excluded from participating in the study. The researchers found that one in five students were atheists, and one in four were deists or held another religious belief that was not related to Islam. A random sample of 1% of the student population at Ankara University was selected for the remaining participants. The demographic data obtained were regarded as independent variables, while the deism score was regarded as a dependent variable. As a result of these scores, political identity polarization among Ankara University students can be related to the effectiveness of deism. The political climate has an impact on the ongoing debates regarding deism. The crosstabulations showed no significant differences between the scores of the independent variables such as age, gender, place of residence, and socio-economic status groups. It is notable that deism is more commonly respected by the students of the social sciences as compared to the students of the natural sciences in terms of faculties. It is also noteworthy that according to the results of the study, there is a tendency for some subcategories of students who declare themselves to be Muslim to exhibit deistic tendencies. As a traditional theistic religion, Islam, which is a very influential religion among its members with its congregational activities and cultural institutionalization, has a strong influence over the participants, but when it comes to rationality and the absence of God's intervention, there is a tendency towards deism. In the conclusion of this article, the shortcomings of this scale developed for Turkey are discussed and suggestions are made for further research in this area. International scholars will be able to gain deep insight into how deism affects university students in Turkey as a result of the study and will be able to gain valuable information about religious life in Turkey as a result of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Vibrio gigantis was first identified as an opportunistic pathogen of European seabass broodstock in Türkiye. The bacterium was isolated from the reproductive organs, liver, and spleen of diseased fish. A representative isolate C24 was unambiguously identified as V. gigantis based on high whole-genome average nucleotide identity values (ANI > 97.7%). Despite causing notable problems in broodstock, the V. gigantis C24 isolate exhibited low to moderate virulence in experimentally challenged juvenile European seabass. In this study, V. gigantis strain C24 was isolated from cases of winter mortalities of hatchery-reared European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) broodstock in Türkiye. The first mortalities were reported in September 2016 and occurred annually in early autumn/late winter until the end of February 2019, when 15% of accumulated mortality was recorded. Diseased moribund fish exhibited general septicemic signs, including dermal ulcerations with hemorrhagic margins, distended abdomens, and hemorrhages below the pectorals, pelvic fins, and at the operculum. Postmortem findings showed congestion in several internal organs, hemorrhagic ascitic fluid, and congested prolapsed anal openings. The representative bacterial isolate V. gigantis strain C24 was characterized as Gram-negative, motile, nitrite-producing, and as vibrio static agent O/129-sensitive. The full-length 16S rRNA sequence (Accession No. ON778781) and gyrB gene sequence (Accession No. ON792326) of the C24 strain showed high similarity to V. gigantis strains. Moreover, the whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) values (ANI > 97.7%) against four V. gigantis strains above the species demarcation limit unambiguously identified the C24 isolate as a member of this species. A preliminary virulence-gene analysis showed that the V. gigantis isolate C24 encoded at least three exotoxins, including two aerolysins and a thermolabile hemolysin. The experimental infection showed that the C24 isolate exhibited low to moderate virulence in experimentally infected European seabass juveniles. Interestingly, antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the C24 isolate was susceptible to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and several other antibiotics but resistant to tilmicosin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ampicillin. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report that V. gigantis could be considered an emerging bacterial pathogen in Türkiye, and it may threaten the international European seabass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The proximal ulna has a complex and unique architectural anatomy, therefore, its fractures are difficult to manage. This paper aimed to evaluate proximal ulnar angulations that contribute to the fixation and restoration of proximal ulna fractures in the Turkish population. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 107 Turkish adult ulnae (55 right, 52 left) whose age and sex were unknown. The ulnar length (UL), proximal distance of varus angulation (PDVA), and widths at the point of varus angulation were measured with a digital caliper. The proximal ulna torsion angle (PUTA), varus angulation (VA), proximal ulna dorsal angulation (PUDA), articular angle (AA), and olecranon-diaphysis angle (ODA) were measured with a goniometer. The statistical analysis was carried out at the SPSS 21.0 program (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: The median UL was 251.97 mm (minimum: 196.84 - maximum: 497.76 mm), median PDVA was 82.7 mm (minimum: 16.21 - maximum: 108.62 mm), mean total width was 15.04±1.84 mm, mean posterior-interosseous width was 13.72±2.37 mm and mean posterior-anterior width was 15.15±1.93 mm. The mean PUTA was 27.10°±9.04°, the median VA was 14° (minimum: 5° - maximum: 23°), the median PUDA was 8° (minimum: -3° - maximum: 20°), the median AA was 25° (minimum: 19° - maximum: 39°), and the mean ODA was 17.39°±5.33°. A moderate negative correlation was detected between the PUDA and ODA (rs= -0.50, p<0.001). Conclusion: The mean proximal ulnar angulations in this study can be beneficial during surgery for the fixation of proximal ulna fractures. This study revealed the correlation between proximal ulnar angulations in the Turkish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language and literature education in Turkey has searched its way through a variety of trials and errors since 1923, when the education heritage inherited from the Ottoman Empire was rebuilt upon a contemporary and laic foundation, and established upon modern foundations in 2005 with the assistance of a variety of curricula used after a long preparation process. However, the 2005 curriculum has many differences from the previous ones. First of all, the new curriculum is student-centered in terms of the foundations it is built upon, and is based on a constructivist model. Frequent changes in curricula to date have led to problems in language and literature teaching. It can be said that this problem partially persists even today. This paper deals with the brief history of the language and literature education from 1923 to date, the problems encountered in application and solutions to these problems. (Contains 3 footnotes.)

Along with the quick developments in technology, expectations in health care services and attention to quality and accreditation has increased. This study aims to explore the perspectives of Health Accredited Auditors (HAAs) who work for Turkish Health Care Quality and Accreditation Institute (TUSKA) on health care accreditation. There are 202 accredited auditors within TUSKA who got their HAA title before 2021 and so far, 57 HAAs have been assigned for active duty in the audits. In this study, participants were chosen among the HAAs who attended audits actively via snowball sampling and 15 of them were interviewed. Obtained data were analyzed by MAXQDA. For the purpose of obtaining the perspectives of the HAAs, a list of 17 codes and with the review of these codes, 5 inclusive themes were created. These themes are institutional contribution, institutional development, necessity, financial performance and practicality. The HAAs clearly stated that accreditation process contributed to health care institutions positively, accelerated institutional development, proved to be necessary, affected institutions' financial performance positively, and can be implied to any health care institution easily. On the other hand, there were some dissidences among the HAAs on the effect of accreditation on patient potential, perspectives of the managers on accreditation, health care institutions' acceptance of accreditation standards, financial burden of the standards and the cost of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the historical droughts at eight meteorological observation stations in the Tigris basin of Turkey are evaluated between 1965 and 2020. The drought indices are calculated using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method for 3-, 6-, and 12-month time scales. In order to examine the change of droughts from the past to the present, three different periods designated as the first period (FP), second period (SP), and third period (TP), which correspond respectively to the time intervals of 1965–1983, 1983–2001, and 2001–2020, are taken into consideration. The trend of the drought index values is determined by innovative trend analysis (ITA). It is concluded that the mean value of the peak drought indices in the basin increased significantly from FP to TP for all time scales. The percentages of extreme and severe drought occurrences in SPI-3 and SPI-6 have increased from the past to the present. In SPI-12, although there is a significant decrease in the mean percentage of extreme drought occurrence at FP and SP, it increased considerably at TP. The trend analysis results of the SPI-3 values indicate that the number of decreasing trend stations in the basin increased from the past to the present. There is also a considerable increase in the number of stations with a decreasing trend in almost all drought classes (drought or wet) in SPI-6 and SPI-12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the reciprocal perceptions, main tendencies, prejudices and expectations of the societies in Turkey and North Cyprus. To this end, 160 participants from both societies were interviewed. The specific social processes that result in various judgements, thoughts and tendencies observed in the semi-structured interviews were evaluated by the discourse analysis method. Although the research findings and analyses are not representative of the whole populations, they still shed light on common perceptions. In fact, the results counterintuitively revealed that people from both societies exhibit increasing suspicion, if not negativity, about each other despite the widely accepted nationalist narrative of 'motherland-babyland', which is believed to be the main dynamic of the relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses the emergence of and need for alternative governmentality and Kurdish non-state justice under a conflicted and authoritarian state. It analyses how and why Kurdish de facto judges operate and negotiate prevailing power relations, illustrating the practice of the Kurdish alternative court system before 2000, and the development of local justice in Kurdish towns and cities after 2000. The article maps out the diverse and varied scene of Kurdish parallel justice procedures and mechanisms. The gendered demands and activities of key actors and beneficiaries are analysed, and relations, tensions and political rifts beyond the actual court procedures explored. The article sheds light on the different obstacles and challenges facing women and men under local justice, while also paying attention to ethnic and religious diversities. In this article, the examination of the state and understanding the everyday life of regular people are mainly based on direct ethnographical accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Düzce University Journal of Forestry / Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi is the property of Duzce University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global warming can be expressed as a serious environmental problem that occupies the agenda of the whole world today and will be shown as the source of various disasters in the coming years if the necessary measures are not taken in time. The main source of global warming is that people want to benefit from the resources in the world as much as possible with the developing conditions and efforts to shape the environment for their own interests can be shown. In Turkey, the graduate thesis was carried out in the area of global warming that the aim is analyzed using meta-synthesis method in this study, "In Turkey, there is how a trend in graduate thesis written about global warming?" Eight sub questions were sought according to the basic question and various variables. Literature review and meta-synthesis method were used in this qualitative study. The research sample consists of 18 post graduate theses in the field of education in the "Higher Education Council National Thesis Center Database" taking into account the criterion sampling method, which clearly includes the term "global warming" in the title of the thesis. With the meta synthesis method, which is defined as the evaluation of the evaluation, these theses were classified and evaluated according to certain criteria. Considering the results of the study, it can be said that remarkable results have been reached regarding the research subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the religious policies of Turkey's Justice and Development Party (AKP) targeted at promoting Islam among the Turkish Cypriot community. For the secular circles of the Turkish Cypriot community, the AKP's imposed religious policies constitute a threat to its fundamental features and social fabric. Islamisation policies are regarded as cultural imperialism of the AKP government, with the aim of generating a religious youth, a conservative mentality, and more widespread religious practice in North Cyprus. Within this context, this article analyzes the historical account of the secularization experience of the Turkish Cypriot community, the politicization of religion with reference to education, and the penetration of AKP's religious policies in North Cyprus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public building stock in Turkey is getting older and more funds are transferred for repairs and maintenance of these public buildings. Parallel to this growth, a significant increase is observed in the number of occupational accidents occurring in the Turkish construction sector. This case study focuses on compulsory investments in small or middle-scale repairs and maintenance projects of public buildings. In the determination of occupational health and safety (OHS) costs which are an integral part of the project costs, a model combining risk-based activity analysis and activity-based cost analysis is utilized and computer software developed as a calculation instrument for this model is used. The ratio of actual and estimated OHS costs to the approximate cost was found to be 3.98 and 3.58%, respectively. Further research should be conducted to test the reliability of this model and its calculation tool in estimating the actual OHS cost before the tender stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the distribution of 12 main expenditure categories included in the consumer price index (CPI) among NUTS-2 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics-2) regions is examined. The study covers the years 2007-2018. In the study, interregional consumption expenditure rates are identified with the Gini coefficient, which is a measure of inequality and the obtained consumption expenditure rates through the years are interpreted. The coefficients calculated for each expenditure category are important in terms of revealing the course of consumption behavior of households in Turkey over the years and reflecting the best and worst distribution at the NUTS-2 level. Findings regarding the expenditure categories show that the consumption behavior in Turkey in the relevant period is far from equal at the regional level. According to the findings, the expenditure category with the highest inequality at the NUTS-2 level is the food and non-alcoholic beverages category with an average Gini coefficient of 0.3031. The expenditure category with the highest equal distribution, on the other hand, is the education category with a Gini coefficient of 0.2307 according to the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to have ideas about free-reading states of international students who are having their university educations in Turkey by evaluating the terms like the type of the reading material chosen and topics read and time designated to reading. The study is a qualitative research. The data was obtained by interviewing technique. The study group consists of nine foreign students studying in Sakarya University during academic year of 2016-2017 along with eleven other students studying in Istanbul University the same year. At the end of the study it was revealed that they have difficulty in choosing material for free-reading, that they prefer screen-reading instead of published materials and that the time designated to free-reading decreases when their class levels increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Science & Technology / Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Igdir University, Institute of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New applications have been developed in every sector with Industry 4.0. Some of these application areas; supply chain developments, route optimizations, big data usage, artificial intelligence development, intelligent warehouse designs, robotics and automation, autonomous vehicles in both manufacturing and sector services development. All these developments and technologies require digitalization in the sector. This study focuses on the industry of 4.0 to occur when the winds of change which has created trends in the logistics sector in Turkey. This paper presents literature review, interviews, analysis and a survey with 65 companies including different technologies, logistics, services, IT supply and retail sector. Result of the study shows that trends in logistics in Turkey are Supergrid Logistics autonomous logistics, robotics and automation, the Internet of Things, Cloud Logistics, Big Data and e-commerce in 2017 and after. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been emphasized recently that the import dependency of export should be reduced in order to increase value added in export goods. It is necessary to understand and analyze the structure export at the provincial basis as well as the analysis of national basis. In this context, this study is aimed to analyze whether or not changes in reel exchange rate affects 11 sectors which have significant share in exports of Denizli (%96) for the period from 2006: 01 to 2016: 12 by employing Kónya Causality and the Dumitrescu - Hurlin Panel tests. According to results of this study, Denizli has a high concentration ratio in production and export of the textile and the existence of cluster in textile creates economies of scale. However the capitalintensive sectors such as the automotive, chemical and machinery industries are not competitive in Denizli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is about the classification and syntaxonomic allocation of the riparian vegetation of the Porsuk River (Eskişehir- Kütahya, western part of Central Anatolia). The Porsuk is part of the Sakarya River basin and is the longest tributary of the Sakarya River. The data were collected using the phytosociological method of Braun-Blanquet and analyzed using TWINSPAN classification and NMDS ordination. Ten syntaxa were identified, all of which are more or less widespread in the nemoral and meridional zone. The woody alluvial vegetation of the study area comprises the associations Salicetum albae, Populetum albae, and Elymo-Rubetum caesii. The riparian reed bed vegetation is represented by the associations Phragmitetum australis, Schoenoplectetum tabernaemontani, Typhetum latifoliae, Typhetum angustifoliae, Cyperetum longi, Caricetum gracilis, and Galio palustris-Juncetum inflexi. The community composition, though of azonal character, suggests marked influence of biogeographical and climatic sub-Mediterranean conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fever is one of the most frequent reasons for application to emergency service. Inflammatory diseases may vary from short-termed and self-limiting to serious conditions that may cause hospitalization at intensive care unit or death. Malaria is a disease with high mortality. We have aimed to submit a malaria case who has applied to emergency due to high fever and conscious change. A 52 years old male patient was brought to emergency by his relatives due to fever, headache, cold-shivering, conscious change at the periods with high fever. It was learnt that the patient had returned to Turkey 10 days ago from Africa where he had lived for the last six months. Systemic examination was normal and no organomegaly or icterus was observed in the patient. In thick smearing preparation, malaria forms were observed and in the thin smearing preparation, more than one ring-form gametocytes were observed and thus Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis was considered. Atovaquone/Proguanil 1x1 gr (3 days) treatment was started for the patient and he was hospitalized in the infections service. For the patients applied to emergency with high fever, travelling history should be investigated, malaria should be considered and early treatment should be started. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical development and definition of entrepreneurship training and studies related this subject in Turkey and worldwide have been examined in this study. The people, who were certified after receiving entrepreneurship training at Kırıkkale University Continuing Education Center (KUSEM‐KUCEC), were regarded as the population, 356 persons have been contacted by systematic sampling method. These persons' profiles have been examined and it has been concluded that, the persons, who were more efficient regarding entrepreneurship, were between 26‐35 years old high‐school graduates and craftsmen were more successful. These persons have been asked if they made an attempt on making a project and applying to KOSGEB (Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization) after receiving certificate. The application rate to KOSGEB with a project has been found 9,3%. They have then been asked to evaluate the entrepreneurship training, they got from KUSEM and the evaluation results have been analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information revolution has shaped a new generation. Our study focused on the relation between the social networks that benefit from the opportunities arising from information technologies and the communication behaviors of Generation 2000 university students. According to the findings of this research, in Turkey, university students’ use of mobile Internet and social networks is increasing and becoming widespread when compared to that observed in the previous years. For both Generation 2000 and others in Turkey, Facebook is the preferred network. In contrast to the expectations, our study showed that members of Generation 2000 in Turkey do not exhibit difficulty in using electronic communication. These technologies prevent face-to-face communication, determine social networks to a certain degree, and remove the above-mentioned contradiction. We found that Generation 2000 in Turkey is aware of information technology and the possible negative effects of electronic social networks. Finally, we noted that Generation 2000 in Turkey is addicted neither to the Internet nor to electronic social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article re-opens the discussion about the Ottoman millet practice. The best known stereotypes claim that the so-called 'millet system' only offered rights to non-Muslim religious minorities. This article fundamentally challenges this approach. It focuses on how the millet practice was applied to the treatment of Kurds under the early and late Ottoman Empire, and discusses how millet practices were destroyed by the disease of nationalism. The article then considers how practices like those applied by the Ottomans might act as a useful example for modern nation states facing conflicts with national, religious, ethnic or migrant minorities. It suggests that practices like the millet might be beneficial both if minorities gain territorial recognition and also for those minorities who live in non-territorial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by acute onset and a fluctuating course of globally altered mental status. It has been reported that the frequency of delirium among patients hospitalized with any disorder ranges from 2 to 30%. However, in the literature, few studies have evaluated the frequency of delirium in hospitalized patients, including those older than 65 years. According to our knowledge, this is the first study on adult patients in all age groups in an emergency department. We aimed to classify delirium according to its etiological causes and to compare the age groups for frequency and these causes. Material and Methods: Forty-three patients were included in the study; they had been diagnosed with delirium according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV in an emergency department from December 2002 to December 2003. The patients were divided into two groups (group I: age <65 years, group II: age .65 years). Following a detailed history, each patient underwent a physical and neurological examination. Additionally, the Mini-Mental State Examination was administered. Radiological and hematological examinations were conducted on all patients who had indications for such testing. Results: Of the patients with delirium, 18 were female and 25 were male. Mean age was 61.18 years (range 18 to 90 years). Of the 43 patients, 21 were in group I and 22 were in group II. The most common causes of delirium were metabolic disorders. There was no significant difference between group I and II for the frequency or etiological causes of delirium. Conclusion: In emergency departments, all patients with delirium should be evaluated for etiological factors, especially metabolic disorders, as treatment of the underlying cause is essential in delirium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is investigated how certain psychotherapists evaluate the current state of psychology as a science and psychotehrapy services in Turkey, what the theoritical and methodological preferences on theraphy practices are, and whether these experts these experts search for alternatives against dominant theories and methods. It is also investigated how therapists evaluate the change and transformation in family, and the family problems they face. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 therapists practising in Istanbul. It is determined that participants behave with traditional/cultural references while they evaluate the transformation in family and especially family problems. On the contrary, it is concluded that the majority of participants adopt dominant/Western theories and methods. They emphasize that the various deficiencies emerging in the process of theraphy can be eliminated by choosing an eclectic method and/or individiual efforts and skills of the therapist. A small number of participants emphasising the need for alternative approaches stated that they could not apply them because of various reasons Thus it can be said that in psychotherapy, the state of both theoretical and practical dependence on Western knowledge, and the interpretation of individiuals and society via this understanding, and conception, is ongoing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the discharge and velocity distributions in natural open channel flows using the entropy theory. Flow measurements were carried out at four different cross-sections in central Turkey. The mean and maximum velocities at these stations exhibited a linear distribution and the entropy parameter was calculated to be M=1.31. Using this value, discharges for all flow conditions were calculated as a function of the measured maximum velocities ( umax). It was observed that the umax/ H and zmax/ H ratios remained relatively constant when 0.2≤ y/ T≤0.8, especially for the wider channels. Using these constant values for each station, umax and zmax could be determined solely as a function of the water depth H. Although the calculated velocities were higher than those measured at some verticals, the entropy-based approach presents an attractive alternative to the traditional flow-measurement techniques for the determination of flow properties because of its simplicity and quick application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences is the property of Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to examine the attitudes that foreign students, obtaining secondary education in Turkey, have to the physical education lessons, compared with Turkish students. The study sample consists of 437 students. 325 of these are male students from 34 different countries and 112 of them are Turkish students. The study used the "Attitude Scale to Physical Education Lesson" as a data collection tool. While data analysis used descriptive statistics, independent t test was used for the comparison of the attitudes of Turkish and foreign students to the physical education lesson. The study revealed that participants in the study have positive attitudes to physical education lessons and, when compared, there is a significant difference between the attitudes of Turkish and foreign students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the first archaeometric, nondestructive analysis of a bronze tablet unearthed in 1986 in the Hittite city wall in Hattuša which is located in Turkey. The discussion focuses on the preserved state of a 13th-century BC treaty inscribed on the metal tablet. Speculation on the technical aspects of Hittite metal production and the purpose of alloys applied to the tablet and attached chains are part of the discussion. Examination of the tablet's chemical composition with energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence found the elements copper, iron, lead, cobalt, nickel, zinc, and tin.

Trace metal levels in eleven different spice and herbal plant species from western Anatolia, Turkey were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The contents of trace metals in the herbal plant samples were found in the ranges: 3.8–35.4 μg g−1 for copper, 0.2–2.7 μg g−1 for cadmium, 0.1–2.8 μg g−1 for lead, 1.4–11.3 μg g−1 for nickel, 0.1–9.7 μg g−1 for chromium, 30.0–945.3 μg g−1 for iron, 7.9–152.5 μg g−1 for manganese and 5.2–83.7 μg g−1 for zinc. Results obtained are in agreement with data reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Fe, Cr, Ni, Se, Sb, As and Cu were investigated in the nesting environment of green turtles in Mediterranean Sea near Kazanlı, Mersin-Turkey. Tissues of plants growing on the beach and the adjacent environment, beach sand, sea ground sediment, sea grass as well as the egg shells from the nests were analyzed and the results showed no significant high levels of heavy metals detected. The higher levels of metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd and As) were found in the samples from ground sea sediments. Ni and Sb were found at higher levels in river waters and Fe was at the highest in field soil. The high levels of Pb, Fe and Cd were also detected in sea grass, and the Cr, Cu and Ni in sea lily when comparison made with other plants. The levels of essential elements such as Fe and Cu were detected as the highest in most of the specimens. The herbivorous green turtles might be affected from the heavy metal concentrations in the future, since they feed on mainly sea grass. The accumulation of heavy metals via rivers into the sea might cause some pollution problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The salty steppe vegetation of the Central Anatolian subregion of the Irano-Turanian phytogeographical region was examined synecologically and syntaxonomically. In the vegetation surrounding the salt lakes of this region, a new alliance Achilleo wilhelmsii--Artemision santonici and two new associations belonging to it were described. These syntaxa were attached to order Onobrychido armenae--Thymetalia leucostomi Akman, Ketenoglu, Quezel 1985, which characterizes the Central Anatolian steppes, and the classic Astragalo microcephali-Brometea tomentelli Quezel 1973, which includes a vast part of the Turkey's steppe vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, manganese and cobalt contents of dust samples taken from Yozgat city center, Turkey were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion with aqua regia. The highest levels of the trace metal ions in the streets with heavy traffic were noted. The lowest levels of the metal concentrations were found in the samples from hospital and health centers. The results found in the present study were compared with some cities around the world. The levels of the metal ions found were generally below the mean world-wide contents of the street dust samples. Correlations between heavy trace metal levels of the dust samples were also evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out on the salt marsh vegetation covering the halophytic formations in Salt Lake and Seyfe Lake, in the middle part of Central Anatolia. The vegetation, which is under the influence of an arid and a semiarid, cold, and very cold Mediterranean climate, was analyzed according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. According to ecological and floristic characteristics, two new alliances, Lepidio caespitosi-Limonion iconici and Inulo aucheranae-Elymion salsi, and six new plant associations were described in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the spatial and temporal characteristics of Turkish seasonal cooling degree-days (CDD) and heating degree-days (HDD) in the context of climate change. Relations of regional variations of seasonal HDD and CDD to local topography and climatic features; Use of the sequential version of Mann-Kendall rank statistic; Seasonal and annual totals of HDD and CDD from 1930 to 1996.