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Some host community members (HCMs) develop positive attitudes toward refugees, while others do not. The current literature on perceptions of refugees offers different explanations for these varied responses to intergroup encounters (positive contact, negative contact, and exposure). Nevertheless, few scholars have examined the outcomes of intergroup relations at the microlevel to better understand the various impacts of intergroup encounters between HCMs and refugees. Even fewer scholars have focused on the everyday implications of HCMs' attitudes toward refugees in response to changing local demographics. In this article, I argue that in addition to the type of intergroup encounters, the locations where these encounters occur at the neighborhood level serve as a critical factor in understanding HCMs' sociospatial attitudes or their attitudes toward refugees at the microlevel of everyday life. In doing so, I introduce the concept of everyday strategies to describe the sociospatial attitudes that HCMs adopt in different types of urban public spaces following their encounters with refugees in neighborhoods that have experienced a large refugee influx. Empirically, the analysis draws on interviews conducted with 60 HCMs in Bursa, Turkey, in 2018 and, through the concept of everyday strategies, extends the literature on HCMs' attitudes regarding refugees. Overall, this article contributes to the wider study of international migration by detailing the influence of microlevel intergroup encounters on HCMs' sociospatial attitudes in a South-South forced migration context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reception of Syrian refugees has dominated negotiations between neighbouring host states, such as Jordan and Turkey, and donors in the Global North. Despite the growing literature on external funding, how international stakeholders navigate the domestic context is understudied. This article employs the lens of depoliticisation and analyses tools employed by international stakeholders manoeuvring domestic contexts in centralised states. We argue that international stakeholders adopt a depoliticised approach that portrays them and the actors they work with as service providers while working with national governments that engage in rent-seeking. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with donors and international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) as international stakeholders in Jordan and Turkey, the contribution of the article is two-fold. First, although the 'local' is ever present in policy and research discussions, research and policy often conflate regional organisations, national governments and municipalities. We therefore further disentangle the power relations between the various actors categorised as 'local'. Second, we offer a conceptual understanding of how international stakeholders navigate the dynamics of local power relations and the domestic politics in centralised states with rent-seeking behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do refugees perceive the regulations of government officials in their neighbourhoods? To answer this question, I introduce the concept of everyday regulations and define it as all practices, formal and informal, implemented by local authorities to manage, organise, and control refugees' daily lives within neighbourhood spaces. I support my concept with an empirical analysis based on 40 semi-structured interviews with Syrian shop owners and shop workers in Bursa, Turkey, conducted in September and October 2019. I analyse perceptions related to two types of everyday regulations: (1) Syrian shop visits by the municipal police (Zabıta) and (2) handouts distributed in the neighbourhood by the provincial directorate of security (Emniyet Müdürlüğü). My findings reveal that Syrian shop owners perceive everyday regulations as both discriminatory and acceptable. Those with discriminatory perceptions assess these regulations in terms of exclusionary treatment by local authorities, while those whose perceptions label encounters with government officials as acceptable associate these interactions with learning Turkey's customs and laws. By detailing the differences in refugees' perceptions of local refugee governance, this study unveils potential explanations for why some local refugee policies are perceived better than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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