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Aim: Our retrospective study was designed to explore the potential link between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia. Material and Methods: We assembled two groups of 150 patients each, categorized based on their endoscopic biopsy results for H. pylori - one group testing positive (study group), the other negative (control group). All subjects underwent upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopies, and we assessed their endoscopic gastric biopsy results as well as any indications of colorectal malignancies. Results: Our investigation established a noteworthy association between the presence of H. pylori infection and the incidences of CRC, gastric atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia (p<0.05). Our data suggests that individuals testing positive for H. pylori faced a 64% greater likelihood of developing CRC compared to those who tested negative. Among patients diagnosed with gastric atrophy, a remarkable 73.9% tested positive for H. pylori. Similarly, 78.9% of patients with intestinal metaplasia were also H. pylori positive. Conclusion: Our results underscore a meaningful correlation between H. pylori infection and a heightened incidence of CRC, gastric atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia. Further, prospective studies will be instrumental in deciphering the underlying causative mechanisms and assessing the feasibility of H. pylori eradication as a preventive measure against these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The updated Sydney system recommends sites and numbers of stomach biopsies (mapping) for evaluation of Helicobacter pylorii colonization, glandular atrophy, intestinal metaplasia (IM), gastrit ulcer, and cancer. The incisura angularis is considered to be a typical site for early detection of premalingnant lesions. Our study aimed to clarify whether it is necessary to take biopsy from the incisura angularis routinely during gastrocopy in addition to corpus and antrum biopsies. Methods: Nine hundred ninety-eight patients, with a mean age±SD of 51.13±15.2 were enrolled. Two biopsies had been taken from antrum, two from corpus, and one from incisura angularis during routine gastroscopy. Biopsy samples were taken from the stomach mucosa with non-visible detectable lesions. Histologic specimens were graded using the updated Sdyney classification. Results: H. Pylori was identified in 464 (46%) of the 998 patients. Two hundred and fifty-four (25%) patients of the 998 showed IM and 73 (7%) patients of the 998 showed atrophic gastritis. Of the 998 patients 15 (1.5%) showed H. pylorii positive in the angulus biopsy only. Similary, IM in 24 patients (2.4%) and atrophy in 15 patients (1.5%) were showed in the incisura angularis. Severe glandular atrophy score in the incisura was higher than the antrum and corpus. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on our study, taking routine biopsies from incisura angularis provides little additional information; however, angulus biopsies are significant to detect severe premalignant lesion especially in high-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early posthatch period is crucial to intestinal development, shaping long-term growth, metabolism, and health of the chick. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of genetic selection on morphological characteristics and gene expression during early intestinal development. Populations of White Plymouth Rocks have been selected for high weight (HWS) and low weight (LWS) for over 63 generations, and some LWS display symptoms of anorexia. Intestinal structure and function of these populations were compared to a commercial broiler Cobb 500 (Cobb) during the perihatch period. Egg weights, yolk-free embryo BW, yolk weights, and jejunal samples from HWS, LWS, and Cobb were collected on embryonic day (e) 17, e19, day of hatch, day (d) 3, d5, and d7 posthatch for histology and gene expression analysis. The RNAscope in-situ hybridization method was used to localize expression of the stem cell marker, olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4). Villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and VH/CD were measured from Olfm4 stained images using ImageJ. mRNA abundance for Olfm4, stem cell marker Lgr5, peptide transporter PepT1, goblet cell marker Muc2, marker of proliferation Ki67, and antimicrobial peptide LEAP2 were examined. Two-factor ANOVA was performed for measurements and Turkey's HSD was used for mean separation when appropriate. Cobb were heaviest and LWS the lightest (P < 0.01). at each timepoint. VH increased in Cobb and CD increased in HWS compared to LWS (P < 0.01). PepT1 mRNA was upregulated in LWS (P < 0.01), and Muc2 mRNA was decreased in both HWS and LWS compared to Cobb (P < 0.01). Selection for high or low 8-wk body weight has caused differences in intestinal gene expression and morphology when compared to a commercial broiler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are the most prevalent wild carnivores in the world and definitive hosts of many pathogenic parasites for humans and farm animals. These animals travel great distances in search of prey and nests, and cause contamination of large geographic areas with parasites. For this reason, monitoring the parasitic pathogens of red foxes is particularly important in terms of public and animal health. The goal of this study was to determine the intestinal helminths and molecular characterization of Taenia species of red foxes in Turkey. In this study, 103 red fox intestines obtained from 29 provinces of Turkey were examined with sedimentation and counting technique. Collected helminths were diagnosed according to their morphologic features. Additionally, further molecular analysis (PCR and DNA sequencing) was performed for the identification of Taeniid cestodes. At the end of the study, it was determined that 87.37% (90/103) of red foxes were infected with at least one helminth species. Detected helminths and their prevalence's were Mesocestoides sp. (56.31%), Joyeuxiella echinorhynchoides (33%), Taenia polyacantha (15.53%), Dipylidium caninum (0.97%), Pterygodermatites affinis (51.45%), Toxascaris leonina (45.63%), Uncinaria stenocephala (33%), Oxynema numicidum (20.38%), Toxocara canis (14.56%), Ancylostoma caninum (12.62%), and Trichuris vulpis (1.94%), respectively. Additionally, Pachysentis sp. (37.69%), Centrorhynchus sp. (0.97%) (Acantocephala), and nymphs of Linguatula serrata (20.38%) (Arthropoda) were also detected in the same intestinal samples. This is the most comprehensive study that has been conducted on the intestinal helminthes of red foxes in Turkey. To the best of our knowledge, molecular characterization of T. polyacantha and the detection of O. numicidum, A. caninum, Pachysentis sp., and Centrorhynchus sp. are the first reports in red foxes in Turkey. Our study revealed that red foxes are important hosts for many intestinal helminth species and are link between domestic and sylvatic cycles of these parasites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: Helicobacter pylori was considered to be responsible for chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. The frequency of coexistence of these three lesions and their relationship with H. pylori was the basis of our study. Methods: Therefore, data were collected to compare the incidence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia with the same group of patients with H. pylori (+) positive duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of H. pylori (+) positivity on the incidence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Positivity of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia was discussed in terms of statistical significance. Results: In our study H. pylori (+) positive group and 40-59 years of age, it was more frequent in the group of H. pylori (-) negative. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the group with positive antral gastritis between 40 and 59 years. There was no difference between the control group and the control group. Intestinal metaplasia was not detected according to the age groups. Conclusion: H. pylori was found to be effective on the development of duodenal ulcer, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 and to determined its virulence genes (stx1 and stx2, eaeA and ehlyA) in different samples collected from a poultry cutting satages in Samsun province, Turkey. For this purpose, 40 viscera, 40 intestinal content, 20 scalding tank water and 100 swap samples taken from various poultry processing units (plucking machine, cutting board, removing unit of intestinal organs and personnel hands and broiler carcass) were analysed. All samples were analyzed for the isolation of E. coli O157:H7 through pre-enrichment in modified tryptone soy broth supplemented with novobiocin (mTSB+N) followed by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and selective plating on CHROM agar with Cefixim - Tellurite. Presumptive E. coli O157:H7 isolates were tested with anti-O157 and H7 antisera. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed on isolates for the detection of rfbO157, fliCH7,stx1, stx2, eaeA and ehylA genes. In this study, two intestinal content (1%) isolates were identified as E. coli O157 while were found negative for H7. Both isolates contained stx1, stx2, eaeA and ehylA genes. As a result of this study, it was concluded that E. coli O157 isolates detected at low levels in the broiler intestinal contents might constitute a significant hazard for human health due to the presence of toxin genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasite infections are common during the critical developmental period in children. The occurrences of intestinal parasites are also common in orphanage, nurseries and schools in Turkey. The study was carried out to determine the percentage of microsporidium and intestinal parasites in children from Malatya, Turkey. This study was carried out at the Department of Parasitology of Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, during January-December 2006. Totally, 1,181 stool samples were examined using the native-Lugol, sedimentation-techniques, modified trichrome (MTS), acid-fast-trichrome stain and calcofluor staining methods. In addition, perianal region material was taken from the children to examine with cellophane tape method. Power analyses were performed for statistical analyses used. Microsporidia were found in 92 (7.8%) of the samples, and also intestinal parasites were detected in 329 (27.8%). The numbers of infections according to the species were as follows: 69 (5.8%) Entamoeba coli, 7 (0.6%) Blastocystis hominis, 114 (9.7%) Giardia intestinalis, 15 (1.3%) Iodomoeba butchlii, 8 (0.7%) Dientamoeba fragilis, 7 (0.6%) Taenia spp. 70 (5.9%) Enterobius vermicularis, 11 (0.9%) Hymenolepis nana, 25 (2.1%) Trichomonas intestinalis, 1 (0.1%) Ascaris lumbricoides and 2 (0.2%) Chilomastix mesnilii. Also, greater than 90% power values were achieved for statistical analyses. Whereas the detection rates of microsporidium and intestinal parasites were found to be low, it was concluded that in addition to intestinal parasites, microsporidium should be also searched for in children with complaints of intestinal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Protein distribution profiles along the human intestinal tract of transporters involved in the absorption of cholesterol and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) have been scarcely evaluated. Methodology/Principal Findings: In post-mortem samples from 11 subjects, intestinal transporter distribution profiles were determined via Western Blot. Differences in transporter protein levels were statistically tested using ANOVA and Tukey's Post Hoc comparisons. Levels in all segments were expressed relative to those in duodenum. Except for ABCG5 and FATP4, levels (mean6SEM) were the highest in the ileum. For ABCA1, ileal levels (1.80±0.26) differed significantly from those in duodenum (P = 0.049) and proximal colon (0.92±0.14; P = 0.029). ABCG8 levels in ileum (1.91±0.30) differed from those in duodenum (P = 0.041) and distal colon (0.84±0.22; P = 0.010) and jejunum (1.64±0.26) tended to be higher than distal colon (0.84±0.22; P = 0.087). Ileal NPC1L1 levels (2.56±0.51) differed from duodenum levels (P = 0.019) and from distal colon (1.09±0.22; P = 0.030). There was also a trend (P = 0.098) for higher jejunal (2.23±0.37) than duodenal NPC1L1 levels. The levels of ABCG5 did not correlate with those of ABCG8. FAT/CD36 levels in ileum (2.03±0.42) differed from those in duodenum (P = 0.017), and proximal and distal colon (0.89±0.13 and 0.97±0.15 respectively; P = 0.011 and P = 0.014). FABPpm levels in ileum (1.04±0.13) differed from proximal (0.64v0.07; P = 0.026) and distal colon (0.66±0.09; P = 0.037). Conclusions/Significance: The distribution profiles showed a bell-shape pattern along the GI-tract with the highest levels in ileum for ABCA1, ABCG8, NPC1L1, FATCD36 and FABPm, suggesting a prominent role for ileum in transporter-mediated uptake of cholesterol and LCFAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One hundred and fifty fish caught from Keban Dam Lake were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay using a random primer was performed to detect genetic variations among L. monocytogenes isolates. The selective enrichment procedure followed by selective isolation was used for listeria isolation from fish intestines. Ten (6.6%) L. monocytogenes were isolated and identified from fish intestines. Two different band profiles were obtained by the RAPD analysis of the isolates. The results indicated that the isolates might have originated from different sources, and fish contaminated with L. monocytogenes may cause serious health problems in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is an effective treatment modality in the management of advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) despite frequent adverse events and different rates of dropouts. Efficacy and safety data regarding Turkish patients on LCIG are limited. This study aims to report in detail the efficacy and adverse effect profile of LCIG among advanced PD patients from a Turkish center for movement disorders., Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients (50% male) who started receiving LCIG between December 2014 and March 2020 were recruited. The efficacy of LCIG was assessed with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS III), Clinical Global İmprovement (CGI) scale, and Quality of Life scale (PDQ8). Improvements in gait disorders and nonmotor features were also questioned. Adverse events (AE) were collated into 3 topics: related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEG-J), device-related, and LCIG infusion-related., Results: Mean age and pre-LCIG disease duration were 66.7 (8.8) and 13.3 (8.0) years respectively. UPDRS III scores and H-Y scale assessments significantly improved. Better quality of life scores, clinical global improvements, and improvements in dysarthria, dysphagia, and gait were observed. None of our patients dropped out or died during a mean 17.5-month (12.3) period. Overall 20 (90.9%) patients experienced at least one AE. Twelve patients had PEG-J–related complications; three had acute abdomen. Eight (36.4%) patients had device-associated problems. Half of the patients required at least one additional endoscopic procedure and 7 had a device replaced. Mean body weight decreased from 69.5 to 62.5 kg and seven patients had newly onset PNP at a follow-up electromyography. Dyskinesia related to LCIG infusion was observed in 5 (22.7%) patients. There was no significant increase in hallucination among patients., Conclusion: LCIG is an efficient treatment modality in the management of Turkish patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Although most of the patients had at least one AE, none of them dropped out. Patient selection, patient compliance, and collaborative management are important steps affecting the success of modality., (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)

Specimens of the millipede, Nopoiulus kochii (Gervais) were seen in faeces and vomit of a 14-year-old boy residing in Oltu, Erzurum, Turkey. The patient complained of a burning sensation in his throat and stomach-ache. Physical examination revealed no pathological findings, and how the patient became infected was unknown. Anti-parasitic drugs (niclosamide, albendazole), which he had been taking intermittently for 2 years by the prescription of a physician, had not resolved the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]