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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ramadan-intermittent fasting and different times of the day on the physical parameters of taekwondo athletes. A total of 15 professional Taekwondo athletes, 8 male and 7 female, participated in the study. Performance tests were performed one week before Ramadan (BR), the second week of Ramadan (SWR) and the end of the fourth week of Ramadan (ER) at 07:00 and 17:00. The descriptive statistics of the participants were as follows: mean age 21.131.90 years, height 169.53±8.64, weight 64.80±18.48 in BR and 62.33±16.91 in ER. Speed (30m), agility (hexagon), lower extremity flexibility (hip flexion angle=ROM), and vertical jump strength (counter movement jump=CMJ) performance determination tests were performed. Goniometer was used for lower extremity flexibility measurement and My Jump2 application, which has been proven to be valid and reliable, was used for CMJ performances. The data obtained were evaluated in the statistical package programme (SPSS) at a significance level of 0.05 using parametric (independent t-test) for agility and nonparametric (Mann-Whitney U) test for other tests according to normality test. It was observed that morning and evening hours of different days had no significant effect on speed, agility, flexibility and jumping force values (p>.05), agility test data differed only before and after Ramadan and this difference was in favour of after Ramadan. At the same time, it was observed that the values obtained from the agility test were higher in the morning before Ramadan (11.20 sec) and in the evening before Ramadan (11.28 sec) than in the evening after Ramadan (10.06 sec). As a result, we can say that long-term malnutrition of athletes does not have a positive or negative effect on many performance characteristics. It is thought that learning the findings obtained in this study and future studies by the coaches may provide important contributions to the coaches to prepare and organise more appropriate training programmes for the athletes.

In the study, it was aimed to determine the opinions of social studies teachers in distance education for specific days and weeks. An explanatory sequential pattern, one of the mixed method designs, was used. The quantitative sample consists of 204 social studies teachers. 112 of the teachers are women and 92 are men. The qualitative study group consists of 14 teachers selected from the quantitative sample. The quantitative data collection tool is the "Opinions of Social Studies Teachers on Benefiting from Specific Days and Weeks in Raising Social Responsibility Awareness." The scale was developed by Yazici, Koca and Dönmez (2017). Qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher. Data were collected by e-mail. IBM SPSS 24.0 package program was used in the analysis of the data. Qualitative data were analyzed with content analysis. No difference was found in the variables of gender, age and professional seniority of teachers for specific days and weeks. In terms of school type, a difference was found in favor of teachers working in primary schools. It was found that teachers mostly used expression, presentation and question-answer techniques. It was determined that the importance of the day could not be grasped by the students. The attendance to the lessons was low and this was due to digital reasons. Teachers suggested an increase in digital support and sharing platforms.

Translation has been considered as a cross-cultural act comprising the transference of the cultural signs, rather than only finding the equivalence of linguistic patterns in the target text. As bridge-builders between different cultures, translators assume a very significant role in order to achieve the most appropriate cognitive, cultural, stylistic, and linguistic equivalence in the target system. This role becomes more challenging and problematic when the target audience are children. By emphasizing the difficulties in translating children's literature and the required strategies, the present study examines the Turkish translation of culturally-bound words and expressions in Tolkien's "Letters From Father Christmas." Within the framework of Lawrence Venuti's concepts of domestication and foreignization, and Klingberg's scheme of cultural context adaptation categories, this study analysed the translator's strategies and decisions and discussed whether the translator successfully conveys the same impression in the target audience in a context which is foreign to the Turkish culture and children in particular.

Nations that have strong connections with their past can reach their objectives more reliable and secure. This can be achieved through culture. Culture is transmitted to new generations mostly by education. Educational institutions undertake the role of transmitting culture to new generations, developing and changing the culture of that society. Schools are the most important educational institutions of one's life. Schools use different kinds of materials while carrying on this goal. Textbooks are the most important element of these materials. Aim of this study was to examine Social Sciences' textbooks which are being used in 7th grade classes in public schools; recommended by National Education authorities, in terms of selected cultural values which are determined as: family life, lifestyle, traditions, ceremonies, and holidays. This study was implemented by document analysis which is one of the qualitative studies. This study was based on a descriptive analysis and descriptive study model which investigates cultural objects within specified textbooks in regard to visual and textual respects. After the inspection of 7th grade social sciences textbooks of Ministry of National Education, it can be concluded that some cultural objects were mentioned but these are not enough. Especially for social science course culture should be more emphasized. Social sciences course is not only a history course but also a course that should include culture as well.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the socio-political rituals such as national festivals and student pledges have changed in the Turkish Republic primary schools over the last twenty years. Method: The data used to achieve this purpose was collected from four different sources; the applicable legislation, statements of policymakers, teacher organizations and an interview with primary school class teachers. Findings: Developments in politics have affected both the daily life and the celebration of special occasions in primary schools considerably. Abolishing the Student Pledge which took place in 2013 can be regarded as the most important alteration in the everyday life of the school since the foundation of the Turkish Republic. The most significant change in the celebration of special occasions in primary schools was made in 2012, and was ostensibly to free the marking of these festivals from their militaristic framework. However, a knock-on effect of this change appeared to be a waning of enthusiasm for such festivals in general. After the failed coup attempt on 15th July 2016, Turkey announced the 15th July Democracy and National Unity Day. During the first week of the school year, activities are carried out for this day.

Purpose: This article introduces the history and development of Turkish national holidays. It also describes how these holidays being celebrated overtime in Turkey. Thus, the purpose of this article is providing fundamental information regarding Turkish national holidays and discussing possible role of these holidays in promoting character and citizenship education in Turkey. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article is created based on literature review, document analysis and qualitative observations of the authors with the support of several audiovisual materials that show the celebrations of these national holidays. In order to provide the fundamental information (history, development, and etc.) regarding to the holidays, relevant literature presented and synthesized. Also relevant official documents (laws, regulations, and orders) analyzed. Finally, observations of the authors based on their experiences of these national holidays included in the article with the aid of several audiovisuals materials that provided as hyperlink in the text. Findings: After analyzing all materials described above, we concluded that national holidays in Turkey has some aspects that promote character and citizenship education while these national days may have been lost their spirits and passions comparing their early years.

The purpose of this study was to identify prospective teachers' consumption patterns on special days. The sample was comprised of 29 prospective teachers (22 females and 7 males) who studied Primary School Teaching in the Faculty of Education at Sakarya University during the 2014-2015 Academic Year. The study was designed as a phenomenological one, a qualitative research design. The data were collected with a semi-structured interview form, a qualitative data collection instrument. The interview form consisted of two parts. The first one contained questions as to descriptive information about the prospective teachers while the second was intended for the identification of their views on their consumption patterns on special days. The content validity of the questions was examined by three specialists, and they were revised in accordance with their recommendations. In addition, the comprehensibility of the questions was tested by five prospective teachers, and the form was finalized. The data were subject to content analysis. The results showed that the great majority of the prospective teachers (90%) considered Mother's Day, Father's Day, Valentine's Day and birthdays to be special days. Furthermore, 69% of them regarded shopping on special days as meaningful.

Amount of time spent at school is one of the mostly discussed educational matters. The present study was carried out to put forward the relationship between the time spent at school and learning acquisitions. In the study, 52 parents living in Bursa and 59 teachers were asked for their opinions. According to the data, while nearly half of the parents found the annual periods of academic years insufficient, nearly half of the participant teachers found it sufficient. More than half of the teachers thought that daily lesson hours and the length of a lesson hour were enough but the length of semester holidays and the numbers of academic terms were insufficient. From the results, it appeared that the parents and teachers held different opinions with respect to the time spent by students.

The need to integrate culture and its teaching into foreign language education is not a new debate, and has long been highlighted in countless studies. Yet, it seems to be common practice that foreign language textbooks and classrooms frequently overlook the conclusions drawn in such studies and neglect the essential information about the target language culture that would help students reach a cultural understanding to accompany their linguistic knowledge. The authors of this paper draw attention to this ignorance by using Turkey as an example, and argue that there will always be something missing in language learners' L2 proficiency and use, if culture is left out in their language learning. Thus, language teachers are offered specific ways of integrating culture into their classrooms and supplementing their textbooks with cultural elements. As an implication, the authors provide a practical unit plan that includes three lessons showing practitioners how to teach about American holidays. These sample lessons demonstrate one of the creative ways for teachers to incorporate culture into their classrooms. Lesson Plans are appended. (Contains 1 footnote.)

Copyright of Boğaziçi Journal: Review of Social, Economic & Administrative Studies is the property of Bogazici University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of E-International Journal of Educational Research is the property of E-International Journal of Educational Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Monuments, schools, hospitals and named streets, parks or squares that are mutually constructed in big cities as examples of historical and cultural values are places of common memory in Turkey and Pakistan. Accurate understanding of the collective past and historical consciousness affects not only the present, but also the shaping of the future. Therefore, cultural phenomena such as tradition, language, and religion, national and religious holidays in the collective past of a society contribute to the formation of historical consciousness and national identity. The memory places, which play an important role in the construction of the common future through the cultural values of the Pakistani and Turkish societies, also reflect the socio-political and cultural memory objects of both societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irregular migration has become a prominent issue around the world, particularly in Turkey. Irregular migrants, who have an impact on the country's economy, socio-cultural environment, and many other factors, have also different effects on the tourism industry. This study was conducted using a qualitative method to determine the effects of irregular migration on the holiday destination. Certain questions, within the scope of the study, were asked to 12 participants who have had a holiday in Cesme, Izmir. Responses (audio recordings) were decoded to reveal codes, categories, and themes. Five different themes were identified in this study. According to the findings of this study, it was concluded that irregular migration has negative impacts on the holiday destination. The most frequent coded dimensions are security concerns and anxiety, lack of control and supervision, deterioration in socio-cultural environment, unrest or harassment, and socio-cultural and political conflicts. A number of recommendations were made in line with the results of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change affects the comfort level of tourists visiting coastal areas. Researching these impacts is important for a more comprehensive understanding of climate change and for developing effective adaptation solutions. Considering this fact, the study derived the Holiday Climate Index (HCI: Coast, HCI: Urban, and HCI: Combined) in the Mediterranean coastal provinces of Türkiye from 1976 to 2020. Utilizing the derived indices, the effects of climate-related holiday comfort on the number of tourist arrivals as well as on overnight stays between 1976 and 2020 were examined by panel data analysis. The study examined how comfort patterns could change during the period 2026-2050 under the pessimistic RCP8.5 scenario. It was detected that the comfort level significantly and positively affects the number of arrivals and overnight stays of tourists. Besides, comfort levels were found to deteriorate in the period 2026-2050 compared to the reference period, 1976-2020. As the comfort conditions get worse, the number of tourist arrivals and overnight stays is expected to decline in the future. It is envisaged that the results of the study can be useful for tourists, tourism professionals, operators, other stakeholders, and policymakers., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The decisions of where and how people want to spend their leisure time have a direct effect on the tourism industry, their well-being, and their happiness. Stemming from the social comparison theory, the present study investigates the impact of couple holiday decision tactics on their emotional well-being and the satisfaction and the mediating effect of emotional well-being on the relationship between holiday decision tactics and couple satisfaction. The fundamental framework was examined using 513 questionnaires distributed online, to married couples in Turkey. The results of path analysis were obtained using SPSS and AMOS software. Results showed those decision tactics significantly and positively affect emotional well-being and couple satisfaction. Furthermore, the study confirmed that emotional well-being mediates the relationship between holiday decision tactics and couple satisfaction. This study contributes to the discussion on the effect of both partners' holiday decision tactics on their emotional well-being and their satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The art of aitys, which has an important place in Kazakh oral literature, is a poetry duelling competition performed by at least two akins (ashiqs) before a large audience while mostly playing a dombra with the aim of defeating the other performer. The equivalent of "aitys" in Turkey is "atishma". Aitys (atishma) competitions, which are loved by people of all ages in Kazakhstan and which are normally organized at least once a month to celebrate national holidays and various important events as well as to commemorate national heroes, have not been organized for a long time due to the novel coronavirus that has swept across the globe. Therefore, the aitys competition held in the Kazakh city of Oral on 25-26 September 2020 after a hiatus of eight months with the participation of sixteen akins is greatly important. The aityses performed in this competition does not have written records yet; therefore, the study uses the video records available on the internet and examines them according to performance theory. These aityses focus on the developments that the Covid-19 pandemic has caused both globally and in the country, the pandemic-related restrictions over people's social lives, the measures that even prevent live audiences from attending aitys competitions, and the importance of wearing masks, social distancing and quarantining. In this regard, the performer, the audience and the aitys pieces are regarded as a whole; and the aityses, which are performed orally, are considered as a "live event". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a time-series analysis is applied to the daily accidents between the periods January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019 of Turkey. The most important feature of the data used in the study is the official daily traffic accident records kept by the law enforcement units. Regarding these data, the most appropriate time series model is determined and it is examined whether there are periodic components in traffic accidents or not. It is observed that the data is first-order integrated. In this case, the difference of the series from the first order should be taken in terms of statistical conclusion. When the graphs of the series are examined, the stationarity of the series has been also tested with the periodogram-based unit root test proposed by Akdi and Dickey (1998) with the assumption that possible periodicity can be found in the series, and it has been observed that the series is stationary at the 10% significance level. According to the results 33, 36.5 and 73-day periods are significant in the number of daily traffic accidents in 2019. It has been demonstrated that the 73-day period corresponds to the period between Ramadan Feast and Feast of Sacrifice (there is a 70-day interval between the two religious holidays). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scuba diving is an increasingly popular activity in resort destinations worldwide, providing tourists a more active experience in their holiday. By following the Push and Pull Theory, this study examines the scuba diving motivations of holiday tourists. Whilst of substantial importance for the practice of the activity, host marine destinations and broader ocean literacy, this an under-researched topic in the tourism literature. Data were collected from a comprehensive data set of holiday tourists who participated scuba diving in Kemer, Antalya-Turkey. Exploration & excitement, personal development, and socialisation & challenge were identified as the push motivations, while tourism & diving offerings, safety & accessibility, ancillary attributes, new area, and unspoiled diving destination were determined as the pull motivations. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed four groups who had various motivations to participate scuba diving, namely Enthusiastic Positivists, Youthful Hedonists, Amateur Explorers, and Single Regulars. Findings of the research were discussed along with their theoretical and managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community center practice, which was started in Ankara by the community centers established in 1932, was integrated with the local press and assumed a unifying mission in terms of informing the public as well as art and literature. This situation, which is reflected all over Turkey, has come to life with community centers. Amasya Community Center is one of the branches established at that time. Amasya Community Center has been involved in many activities and events since the day it was put into service. He participated in national holidays and other events celebrated in the city. Apart from the holiday ceremonies, commemoration events were held in Amasya Community Center. Yeşilırmak magazine, one of the magazines published in Amasya, was important in terms of revealing the course of Amasya at that time and undertook the task of conveying the idea of the republic to all members of the society throughout its publication life. In the magazine, besides the articles about Amasya, Turkish revolution, language and literature articles were also included. The aim of this study is to reveal the place of the journal in that period and its difference from other journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

What role do nationally celebrated holidays play for groups that are not considered—or do not consider themselves—to be part of the majority nation of a state? What function do holidays specific to minority group cultures serve under regimes that discriminate against those groups? This article explores holidays as a forum for contestation for the national identity proposals promulgated by the state in repressive regimes. We argue that national holidays are meaningful sites of identity contestation for four reasons: the role of holidays in heightening identity salience, the malleability of identity narratives, the relative lack of institutional barriers to acts of celebration, and the significance of refusing to participate in celebrations. We collected the data through interviews and participant observation of the Hui in China and the Kurds in Turkey. We employ ethnographic observation and intertextual analysis to compare these identity narratives. We find that the Hui legitimize their group's existence by co-opting the traditional Spring Festival, or by outwardly insisting they are not celebrating while still engaging in festivities. In contrast, Turkey's Kurds resist the government's co-optation of the spring celebration of Newroz as a Turkish national holiday. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether the three-dimensional leisure constraints model which is adapted to holiday tourism shows the same structure for mono- and bicultural people and perceptions of these groups differ from each other. Design/methodology/approach: Separate surveys are conducted on Turkish people who are resident in Turkey, representing the mono-cultural structure, and Turkish people who live in Germany, representing the bicultural structure. The model is tested by factor analysis for each group, whereas perception differences on holiday tourism constraints are compared with t-tests. Findings: The analysis results showed that the factorial structure of the leisure constraints model is not the same in the holiday tourism context. Hence, new constraints dimensions were obtained in each case. A comparison of the holiday tourism constraints also showed that the perceptions of the mono- and bicultural people were significantly different from each other. Originality/value: The current study has contributions to the literature in terms of examining the holiday tourism constraints by using the adapted version of the leisure constraints model. Moreover, targeting Turkish people who live in Turkey and Germany, as the study samples, indicates a unique representation of mono- and bicultural structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes a balanced panel data set covering 50 monthly observations regarding the brewery products to examine the impact of holy month Ramadan on alcohol consumption in Turkey. In addition to the Ramadan, temperature, prices of the products and disposable income are other demand factors which are taken into account in this study. As expected, the Ramadan has been found to be associated with lower alcohol usage. As price of alcoholic drinks increases, the alcohol consumption decreases significantly. In addition, alcohol consumption rises with the enhancements in the disposable income. However, surprisingly, the temperature has not any significant effect on alcohol consumption in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: In the Islamic religion, Ramadan is a month in the year that is passed by fasting. Healthy adult individuals are prohibited to eat, drink, and smoke from sunrise to sunset. In the present study, our aim was to assess the relation of Ramadan fasting with fetal development and maternal-fetal Doppler indices in pregnant women. Methods: This is a prospective case-control study carried out in the month of Ramadan in 2013 (9 July-7 August). One hundred and six pregnant women at the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were enrolled into the study. The sample size of the fasting group was 83 and the non-fasting group sample size was also 83. Fetal biometric measurements, such as biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, estimated fetal weight, amniotic fluid index, and Doppler indices of both uterine and umbilical arteries were evaluated by gray scala and color Doppler ultrasound at the beginning and end of Ramadan. Results: At the end of the Ramadan, increase in biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femur length showed a statistically significant difference from initial measurements (P<0.05). When fasting and non-fasting groups were compared separately, an increase in amniotic fluid index was statistically significant in the non-fasting group (P<0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated some adverse effects of Ramadan fasting on fetal development. In the Islamic religion, pregnant individuals have the privilege of not fasting; therefore, they should consider postponing fasting to the postpartum period, especially in the summer season. If they are willing to do so, an appropriate nutritional program should be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]