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Copyright of Tourism & Management Studies is the property of Escola Superior de Gestao, Hotelaria e Turismo, Universidade do Algarve and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

St. Nicholas Church is a remarkable Byzantine structure located in the Demre district of Antalya, in the southern region of Türkiye. The church and its accompanying tomb were built in the 5th century AD in memory of St. Nicholas after his death. It became a sacred cultural center and a pilgrimage site throughout the Middle Ages. Throughout history, the church underwent multiple reconstructions and substantial repairs necessitated by invasions, earthquakes, and other factors. During the Late Middle Ages, a flood of the river Myros submerged the church under approximately 6meters of alluvial deposits. The excavations, which began in 1862 and have continued intermittently to this day, have uncovered significant remains, which were subsequently restored in accordance with the conservation approach of their respective periods. However, certain ruins persist within privately owned areas. Although the church largely maintains its structural integrity, ongoing excavations within the Ministry of Culture and Tourism’s designated areas in the monastery complex continually contribute new insights. This article aims to provide data on the restoration efforts undertaken on the church and its ruins, which now function as a Memorial Museum, preserving their original values during the restoration period of 2021- 2023. The primary goal is to contribute valuable insights for future restoration initiatives. Furthermore, the article seeks to advocate for the inclusion of the monument in the World Heritage List, the establishment of Site Management, and the enhancement of its global recognition. By making the newly unearthed spaces accessible to visitors, particularly for Russian pilgrims for whom the church holds significant religious importance, it is envisioned that this will not only foster faith and cultural tourism but also enrich the perception and interpretation of this historic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the last quarter of the twentieth century, increased tourism in traditional settlements have led to the adaptive reuse of built vernacular heritage to serve the tourism industry. The adaptive reuse of historic buildings is considered a conservation strategy and an alternative to new constructions in historic environments. Nevertheless, the adaptive reuse of built vernacular heritage and its socio-spatial impacts have not yet been sufficiently investigated. To fill the gap, this paper, focuses on Cappadocia, Turkey, where adaptive reuse of individual vernacular houses has recently paved the way for the transformation of an entire neighbourhood, the historic neighbourhood of Kayakapı, into a 'holiday village.' This study argues that traditional settlements and communities in Cappadocia have been subjected to 'gentrification' and so-called 'Disneyfication.' Such historic environments are facing controversial physical interventions, detached from local communities and devoted to a single function, namely tourism, becoming 'stereotypical and depersonalised.' The study further argues that the current situation is incompatible with international heritage and conservation policies. Correspondingly, to reveal the potential conflicts, the recent revitalisation project of the historic neighbourhood of Kayakapı in Cappadocia is examined as a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning & Aesthetics Research is the property of DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning & Aesthetics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çatalhöyük International Journal of Tourism & Social Research / Çatalhöyük Uluslararası Turizm ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi is the property of Catalhoyuk International Journal of Tourism & Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tourism is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change since outdoor leisure activities are only possible in appropriate climate conditions for them. Among several climate or weather–related factors effective on tourist satisfaction, the concept of outdoor thermal comfort conditions gains importance with climate change because it is the combined effect of all atmospheric conditions on human body. Therefore, tourism–climate indices to reflect the favourability of destinations begin to include this parameter as a component. Mediterranean basin harbours world famous summer and cultural tourism destinations among others and climate change is expected to impact the region which covers the third largest primary destination of Turkey. The aim of this study is to analyse human thermal comfort conditions in the southwest part of Turkey, world–famous summer tourism region using Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt) values and Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool to show their spatial distribution as a component of tourism climate indices. As the result of the study, the most influential factors on human thermal comfort conditions in the region are mean radiant temperature, moisture content, air movement and increasing dense urbanisation in 12 districts, where meteorological measurements were taken. As the result of the study, suggestions were proposed to reduce the effect of higher PET and Tmrt values on tourists in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, which is prepared within the body of UNESCO, it is aimed to safeguard cultural heritage. It is advocated that the safeguarding of cultural heritage can be achieved by promotion and viability. It is thought that promoting the cultural heritage can be the solution to the uniformization problem in the culture that emerged as a result of globalization Researchers in many disciplines are responsible for the viability and preservation of cultural heritage with the expression "guaranteeing viability" in the Convention. Cultural heritage is also an important issue for the tourism area. Many studies have been carried out in the field of tourism and cultural heritage in recent years. Culture, history and natural environment are the main sources of tourism. In order to alleviate the concerns regarding the commodification of culture and nature, there is a need to increase the cooperation of culture and tourism. In recent years, the World Tourism Organization has speeded up its activities in this direction and determined the principles of sustainable tourism. The World Tourism Organization has prepared meetings and organized reports on tourism and cultural synergy. With the development of responsible tourism understanding, it is aimed that the benefits to be gained from tourism will benefit all stakeholders by thinking about the next generations. It is tried to be emphasized that tourism is not just a consumption tool, it is a power that increases awareness of cultural values. Creating a cultural route evaluated within cultural tourism serves the purposes of protecting cultural heritage, knowing its value and keeping it alive as well as creating a tourism product. Cultural routes try to realize the promotion and promotion of cultural heritage in a sustainability approach. Turkey also signed the "Council of Europe Cultural Routes Program" aiming to ensure the protection and promotion of cultural heritage. There is a good deal of cultural potential that is flying under the program in Turkey. There are good examples in the world where cultural routes created and managed with the concept of sustainability are used to protect and sustain cultural heritage. It was observed that the areas that are not suitable for the cultural route, although they were put into practice, could not show continuity. When determining the routes, they should be selected according to the correct criteria. In this study, Evliya Çelebi's travel to İzmir was examined as a cultural route by using the "Cultural Route Evaluation Model" developed by Bozic and Tomic (2016: 28). Evliya Çelebi guides today's travelers with the writings about the climate, geography, structures, daily life and stories of the places that have traveled and traveled in a wide geography for more than 50 years in the 17th century. Preserving many historical artifacts in Evliya Çelebi's Seyahatname enables the development of the cultural route. Stories about natural beauty and talismans on the route create tourist attraction. In the cultural route evaluation model, besides tourism-specific elements, there are scientific studies, route-specific values, economic importance, precautions and protection measures. It was seen that Evliya Çelebi's İzmir journey is suitable for developing a cultural route according to all the elements that make up the cultural route valuation model. It is suggested that a consortium can be proposed to realize the Evliya Çelebi İzmir Route and manage it with a sustainable understanding. With this study, it has been emphasized that tourism can be a tool with the cultural route in the promotion and protecting of the cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism, one of the expeditiously growing and most important sectors, contributes to the national economy by increasing employment and foreign exchange income. As in many countries, the place of tourism in the country's economy is very important in Türkiye (formerly known as Turkey). As one of the sources that have contributed significantly to the country's economy for many years, it has played a locomotive role in its development. Türkiye is trying to increase its share of international tourism revenues with investments and incentives. Although it is a country that draws attention with its areas suitable for winter tourism, the development of winter tourism centers is very slow when some aspects are taken into account. Konya Province is one of the few religious and cultural tourism centers of Türkiye. The region has qualified winter tourism areas. Bringing these areas to tourism can be an important resource for both the provincial and national economy. This study proposes a Geographical Information System based Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) model using Best Worst Method (BWM) to identify the most suitable locations for winter tourism facilities in the Konya region of Türkiye. Among some suitable areas determined according to the results of the analysis, Aladağ Mountain in Derbent region has been seen as the most suitable place for winter tourism investments, as it has all the features such as snow quality, transportation, and snowy day duration that should exist in a winter tourism center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Salda Lake, located within the borders of Yeşilova district of Burdur province in the Antalya Section of the Mediterranean Region, is one of Turkey's most popular tourist attractions. Located in the southwest of Turkey and encompassing many lake basins, the "Lakes Region" has been designated as the "Lakes Region Ecotourism Development Region" in the Turkey 2023 tourism strategy and attention has been drawn to the tourism potential of the lakes in the region. Located in the Lakes Region, Lake Salda draws attention with its natural beaches and water sports opportunities, rich flora and fauna, recreation areas and camping areas by the lake, various accommodation opportunities and natural beauties, healing lake waters and rich tourism diversity. Rural tourism, lake tourism, ecological tourism, winter tourism, botanical tourism, health tourism and cultural tourism are the most developed types of tourism in and around Salda Lake. In this research, the geographical location, tourism potential and main tourism resources of both Yeşilova district and Salda Lake were examined. In addition, in this article focused on tourism geography, the negative ecological and socio-economic effects of increasing human pressure and tourism activities around Salda Lake were investigated. In this study, which deals with the examination of Salda Lake and its surroundings in terms of recreation and tourism activities, the natural and human environmental factors of the region are analyzed, and the main tourism advantages and disadvantages of the region are discussed. At the beginning of the most important results obtained from this research, it has been determined that factors such as climate change, uncontrolled and intense touristic flow, increasing environmental pollution and illegal construction threaten sustainable tourism in the Salda Lake basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the tourism industry has brought many economic and social changes in different countries of the world, and its economic importance compared to other industries has attracted the attention of many researchers and political and economic decision makers. The tourism industry in Iran, despite the historical background, high natural and cultural attractions in the region, compared to many countries, including Turkey, which is in the neighborhood of Iran, is not up to its name. In this research, the author tried to study the comparative tourism between Iran and Turkey by using the descriptive-analytical method, and by asking the question, what was the reason for the success of Turkey in the tourism industry compared to Iran? It seems that Turkey's success compared to Iran in the tourism industry is due to long-term planning, media attention and modern infrastructure, strengthening the private sector and removing social and cultural barriers, rather than natural attractions. The results of this research show that, firstly, the attention of the Turkish media in advertising and attracting tourism has a more defensible performance compared to Iranian media, and secondly, the opportunities and natural and cultural attractions of Iran with long-term planning and extensive and targeted advertising. Reducing the government's responsibility and using effective human resources can become an emerging power in the tourism industry in the future. Thirdly, Turkey can be a recreational tourism destination and Iran can be a cultural tourism destination with many potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Folklor / Edebiyat is the property of Cyprus International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CEDRUS is the property of Mediterranean Civilisations Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rural heritage settlements have encountered many challenges and risks due to the rapid evolution of the cultural tourism economy, such as changing demographics, overcrowding, evolving consumer demands, and biodiversity loss. Conservation of environmental and sociocultural assets of these rural settlements and strengthening community resilience have been considered indispensable in global sustainable development. In this regard, a growing body of research has investigated the implications to wider issues of environmental sustainability through lessons learned from these rural, vernacular settlements. However, discussions on transformation driven by tourism and socio-cultural resilience in rural contexts have attracted limited attention. Contributing to this gap in the literature, based on a longitudinal survey study (spanning from 2000 to 2022) conducted in Behramkale (rural, vernacular village in Türkiye), this paper investigates rural community resilience strategies adopted by residents to cope with transformation led by cultural tourism and strict heritage conservation restrictions. The study results showed that the new development area (new settlement) of the village served as an infrastructure of the old settlement, by means of a home for the local residents, and an economic asset for the village. The establishment of the new settlement, to some extent, prevented the displacement of local residents and provided the continuation of the traditional rural economy in the village. • There is a lack of literature on resilience about heritage conservation and tourism. • Tourism development has severe impacts on rural heritage settlements and community. • A framework is proposed for tourism and rural heritage community resilience. • The framework is applied on a rural vernacular village, Behramkale in Türkiye. • Resilience is to absorb tourism-driven changes without altering heritage identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young tourists represent over 20% of the tourism market and are an important element in current tourism activities. Cultural tourism, encompassing religious tourism, has increased in recent times, however, young tourists exhibit less preference for religious destinations, particularly within their own religions, compared to other options. Their preferences generally lean towards non-spiritual or secular motivations rather than religious based travel motivations. Within this context, this study aims to determine religious tourism motivations, perceptions and related behaviours of young tourists by evaluating their preferences and consumption patterns at religious sites. The study is undertaken on the basis of secondary research supported by primary surveys (n: 387) conducted with young Turkish tourists in Konya, an important religious destination in the central part of Turkey. According to the results, religious tourism attitudes and young tourists' related behaviours have a high value and have an effect on their motivations and perceptions. Their consumption patterns are focused on religious and entertainment purposes and their preferences are generally based on resting and selfactualisation. Based on these findings, evaluations and suggestions about what needs to be oriented towards young tourists and how to draw more young tourists are presented. For religious tourism destination planners, this study offers some basic profiles and outputs to build useful strategies and to attract more active young tourists and provide useful marketing knowledge about young tourists for the purpose of making religious destinations more attractive to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the relationship between tourists' need for uniqueness (TNFU), perceived authenticity, tourists' emotions, and their behavioral intentions in a heritage context. A proposed conceptual model is tested using the data generated from a convenient sample of 474 tourists visiting Cappadocia Göreme National Park, a natural and cultural heritage destination in Turkey. Using the partial least squares technique, the findings confirm that tourists' need for uniqueness influences object-based authenticity and existential authenticity. Object-based authenticity and existential authenticity affect tourists' emotions. Also, the tourist's emotions affect their behavioral intentions. The model is further examined from a nationality perspective through a multigroup analysis. The effect of avoidance of similarity on TNFU is greater in European tourists. Also, the effect of TNFU on object-based authenticity is greater in Asian tourists. Further, the effect of object-based authenticity on tourists' emotions is greater in Asian tourists. Discussions and implications for destination marketers, limitations, and suggestions for future research are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behramkale, also known as the ancient city of Assos, has gained considerable national and international visibility after its declaration as an Archaeological site in 1982 and later in 2000 as Urban Archaeological site. The declaration brought with it stringent regulations limiting new constructions and simple extensions in the historical village and opened new construction site outside the ancient city walls for future developments. After declaration, the village has become a major destination for cultural heritage led tourism. This largely growth oriented transformation is concerning as less attention given to shift in class structure. The paper uses the concepts of rural and tourism gentrification to understand this transformation in Behramkale using empirical evidence from a longitudinal, case study approach spanning between 2000 and 2017. The longitudinal, case study documents transformation in terms of (i) demographic and socio-economic changes; (ii) conservation practice in old settlement and development of new settlement; and (iii) change in property prices and ownership. It is seen that the authentic characteristics of the landscape and traditional buildings that is being abandoned but remains desirable have led to a population influx from, bigger cities of Turkey and also other countries, purchasing these homes as a primary or secondary house. This has led to renovation of the existing buildings with an increase in the property prices and displacement of the local population to the new development area. Consequently, the conservation practice in Behramkale served merely encouraging investment in building renovation rather than a function of preserving local community. The paper contributes to limited literature on rural gentrification within the Mediterranean context. • Heritage led transformation of rural villages have severe impacts on inhabitants. • Tourism activities are important factor for the development of the rural economies. • Rural village Behramkale has transformed with the conservation site declaration. • Declaration of conservation site enhanced the interest of the urbanities and intensified tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastronomic identity is an important resource for destinations, and it may play a significant role in creating the place's brand identity. Following the Social Identity Theory as applied to destination branding, the research considers the perspective of different stakeholders for whom the role of gastronomy in shaping the destination's brand may be seen as different. Thus, the research aims to uncover the interaction between gastronomical aspects of the destination and the place's brand. The investigation examines empirically how the various elements of gastronomic identity influence the place's brand identity. The study focuses on Gaziantep, which is a city in Turkey well-known for its cuisine and food cultural heritage. The results, based on 1510 questionnaires to key stakeholders, determine that the three components of Gaziantep's gastronomic identity – food culture, food quality and culinary activities – have a varying influence on the destination's brand identity. In addition, significant differences between stakeholders are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aims to determine the key issues and challenges in wine tourism entrepreneurship and to identify the behavioral, cultural and strategic success factors underlying the development of wine tourism. A biographical research has been used to encompass the total life of a wine tourism entrepreneur in rural area in Turkey named Elmalı town. Through the use of thematic biographical narrative analysis, four primary dimensions have been determined namely; personal characteristics, the strategic perspective, cultural, historic and geographical attributes of the region, and problems of business succession. Associated with these were 23 sub-dimensions. The study also found evidence of how niche tourism ventures such as wine tourism can invigorate a local agricultural economy and stresses the importance of small tourism enterprises successfully complementing each other to create a strong local destination image. • The attitudes and behaviors such as imagination, creativity, pioneering behavior, courage, risk taking are important for the wine tourism entrepreneur in rural areas. • The strategic entrepreneurial features play roles in the investor's success such as having a vision, being able to see opportunities, social sensitivity. • The wine tourism entrepreneur has to analyze and understand the dynamics and the local conditions of the rural areas. • The wine tourism entrepreneur has to be able to manage changes in order to maintain the continuity of the enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultimate objective of this research is to examine the impact of the environmental and socio-cultural impacts of tourism on the support for the development of tourism. This effect was based on the Social Exchange Theory (SET). Structural equality modelling was used in testing the hypotheses of the research. For this purpose, the Smart PLS (V.3.2.7) program was used. The research universe is all the local people living in Eskişehir province, which has become an important tourism destination in Turkey. Convenience sampling method, which is one of the non-probability sampling methods, was used as the sampling method for the data collection in the study. In line with the findings of the research, the negative and positive environmental effects and positive social and cultural effects of tourism were found to be positive and significant for the development of tourism. Besides, the impact of the negative social and cultural effects of tourism on the support for the development of tourism was also found to be negative and significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between museums and sustainability has been interpreted in terms of the functioning of museums as an institution and the role of museums in sustainable development. These two assessments are also considered as a whole for the sustainability of the museums. Studies on museums and sustainability focused on the social, environmental and economic practices of museums in sustainable development, and the methods used by museums in these practices or how to raise awareness on this issue in the society were questioned. Among these studies, the contribution of museums to environmental sustainability has taken its place among the most discussed topics. However, the fact that museums are institutions that collect, preserve, research, share, exhibit and transmit tangible and intangible cultural heritage shows that the cultural aspect of sustainable development should also be evaluated in terms of museums. Therefore, the article focuses on the cultural aspect of sustainable development, and this context is interpreted as a main topic for museums that should not be attached to the social, environmental and economic aspects of sustainability, but should also be examined and investigated in terms of its consequences. In this respect, firstly, the relationship between museum and sustainability is emphasized and the meanings of sustainability for museums is discussed. Later, from the first definition of sustainable development in the "Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future" report published by the United Nations in 1987, to the announcement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals in 2015, the process is evaluated in terms of the practices of museums in this field and approaches in museums. After 2015 the management of the museum, the museum building, attention was directed towards sustainable development objectives until the effectiveness of the functions shall be resolved through examples in the world and Turkey. In addition, it will be mentioned how these goals can be implemented both in the functioning of museums and in the daily life of the society, and the cultural aspect of sustainability. Three different definitions of cultural sustainability are given and based on these definitions, it is discussed which definition of cultural sustainability the museums accept. For the definition of cultural sustainability of museums, the importance of interpreting together the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage adopted in 2003 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, whose short name is UNESCO, the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions adopted in 2005, and sustainable development are mentioned. In this way, it is explained how museums can create cultural strategies in order to safeguard the intangible cultural heritage alive from generation to generation, continuously recreate it, protect and maintain cultural diversity, develop intercultural dialogue and, create spaces for communities to safeguard their cultural heritage. The role played by participation and transmission in museums in sustainability, as it places people at the focal point, is highlighted and the practices of museums related to cultural sustainability are evaluated with examples. Finally, the use of areas such as cultural tourism, cultural industry or urban creativity by museums, which are directly addressed in terms of economic development but also require examination in terms of cultural sustainability, are emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism industry has been developing rapidly worldwide since World War II and is an important source of income for countries. It supports growth with its structure that provides foreign currency earnings and employment. Therefore, the tourism sector has a significant impact on the growth of developing countries in particular. Tourism investments have increased significantly in the last two decades in Turkey, and these investments have been raised the tourism receipts. Although most of the investments are directed to the provinces in western Turkey, many other cities in the country attract tourists considerably. Erzurum, which draws attention especially with winter and cultural tourism, is one of them. This study examines the factors affecting tourism demand in Erzurum in 1998-2017. According to the accessibility of data, four of the countries that send the most tourists to Erzurum, were selected, and panel data analysis was performed. The results showed that both income and price are statistically significant, and both variables positively affect the number of tourists visiting Erzurum. The fact that the cost of a holiday in Erzurum is relatively lower did not lead to a decrease in demand, even if there was an increase in prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses selected Armenian ecclesiastical sites from the Kars Province in eastern Turkey, once a part of ancient Armenia, which are rapidly deteriorating. The authors focus on analyzing their present state in the context of their immediate environment, the measures taken by the local authorities to make them recognizable and accessible, as well as the possibilities of their re-evaluation and tourist potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a global business and tourist markets are highly susceptible to external factors. Tourism demand is highly elastic since it involves luxury consumption. Therefore, triggering events including natural disasters, outbreaks, economic crises, terror, political instability and war cause significant and unforeseeable fluctuations in international tourist arrivals and tourism receipts. In accordance with the importance of tourism in the economy of the receiving country, significant drops are referred to as tourism crises. The gravity, duration and geographical spread depend on the type, dimension, repetition and persistence of the triggering events as well as media attention, but are difficult to foresee. Establishments and destinations should acknowledge crisis as a natural part of the process, take immediate precautions to adapt to change and implement pro-active planning. This paper aims to analyse the effect of triggering events on 2016 tourism crisis in Turkey in comparison with the relevant literature and similar examples. In 2016, Turkish tourism suffered its gravest tourism crisis in its history, as a result of a series of triggering events that started as early as 2014, including civil war in a neighbouring country, refugee issues, terror attacks, attempted coup, strained external relations with important tourist generating countries and travel advisories. Turkish tourism lost one fourth of its tourist arrivals and one third of its tourism receipts, but expressed a significant resilience and recovered by 2018 in terms of tourist arrivals, as a result of restored external affairs and internal security. Regional and Turkish arrivals seemed less affected by the crisis. However, indicators including tourism receipts, market share in international tourism and tourism investments have not recovered from the crisis by the end of 2018. Reactional price reductions caused market pressure and further reduced income per tourist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the cultural heritage tourism value of Pergamon Ancient City in Turkey by using the Zonal Travel Cost method. The purpose of determining the economic value of cultural resources is to determine the value of the benefits in the rational use of resources ensuring their sustainability for transferring them to future generations. In the study, the Zonal Travel Cost method, which is one of the non-market valuation methods, was opted for attaining the economic value of Pergamon Ancient City. Initially, 330 questionnaires were distributed among the cultural tourists visiting the site with the purpose of cultural heritage tourism. Thus 33 zones are determined according to the distance traveled from the point of origin to the site. Multiple linear regression model was applied to estimate Zonal Travel Cost. The results indicated that the independent variables such as total spending, monthly income, gender, marital status, number of family members, and number of family working members were the effective variables in the model. Applying the model, the total consumer surplus value for Pergamon Ancient City was found to be 26.741.248.677 Turkish Liras (TL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While capitalism seized domination around the world, it divided nations into two separate poles, exploiters and exploited, and transformed almost all resources on earth from exploitation to natural resources into exploitation. According to the Dependency Theory, one of the most important elements of this exploitation emerges as the tourism sector today. Accordingly, Western central countries impose mass tourism, under their hegemony, while imposing mass tourism to underdeveloped and developing neighboring countries to reproduce their dependent positions. In this study, in order to reveal that encouraged what kind of advertising monitors tourism in Turkey, JollyTur and EtsTur travel agency of internet advertising which they have issued during the year 2019 were analyzed by quantitative content analysis method. In the analysis made, it was found that both travel agencies place massive advertising on the theme of mass tourism, they limit their understanding of tourism almost entirely to the sea-sand-sun trio and ignore cultural tourism. It is concluded that the travel agencies mentioned through the visual and textual repetitions of the categories determined for analysis restrict cultural tourism to the main location and activity and encourage the audience to mass tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to many important battles that occurred in Anatolian territories throughout the history such as Trojan War, Malazgirt War, Dardanelles War, and Independence War, Turkey has a rich heritage of battlefields that could be utilized within the context of battlefield tourism. When this heritage is offered to tourism, it will carry value within the context of protection of cultural heritage and development of social memory and national identity apart from generating tourism revenue. The study which is carried out in line with this awareness aims at featuring the heritage belonging to Antep Defense which makes up one of the unique and outstanding aspects of Gaziantep in the field of tourism and making contribution to the development of tourism in the city by determining its tourism potential. During the stage of determining heritage tourism and tourism potential, numerical data belonging to some organizations working in the field of tourism and historical sources were referred and also Geographic Information System was used for transferring the distribution of battlefields on the map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Travel & Tourism Research is the property of Journal of Travel & Tourism Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of DSI Technical Bulletin / DSİ Teknik Bülteni is the property of DSI Technical Bulletin / DSI Teknik Bulteni and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Third age tourism gradually gains importance due to the demographic change in the world. In general, today's retirees or the ones at that age are healthier and have more economic savings as comparing with the ones in the past. Elderly people having that potentiality are also willing to spend their free time for tourism. Therefore, they create new opportunities for the tourism sector. It is observed that countries have developed various practices and policies for this form of tourism which forms a unique market. Because the importance of this occasion is realized in recent years in Turkey, inadequacies in the practices and planning are observed. There are also shortcomings in the supply of demands and expectations of this type of tourist. In Turkey, only medical tourism and climate-related resources are available, therefore it is understood that their main travel motivation is not considered. In this study; motivation, expectations and needs of that age group were scrutinized and suggestions regarding with proper resource utilization are made. Additionally it is tried to have an idea about eventual marketing in future by evaluating third age tourism potential. In this study, evaluations were made by using document analysis technique which is widely used in qualitative researches. In the evaluation; in accordance with the age and consciousness levels of this age group; it is observed that their interests towards cultural, historical and natural tourism resources which need not too much activity are more dominant. Turkey has a powerful supply for that demand. However, the absence of studies about these attractions is noticeable. The status of the country's potential considering regions, sub-zones and provinces has not yet been determined. When transportation and accommodation demands of the ones who contribute to third age tourism are considered in addition to resource utilization, the suggestion of "attractive cities" and "tourism passages" is developed. There made suggestions for organizations to be carried out through these destinations. Finally, ideas for accessibility and age-friendly accommodation have been proposed as complementary to resource use for this age group. The study is expected to contribute to touristic resource presentation of publications about third age tourism and limited literature about tourist potential and provide forecasts to the industry's decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Folkloric dolls are perceived as an important agent in transmitting the culture of traditional clothing to the next generations. Associating the traditional clothing culture to the national identity brings into an authority to them at international level. Thus, folkloric dolls are accepted as a significant component of cultural tourism. In different parts of Turkey, varied traditional clothed folkloric dolls have like a miniature, reflects the concerning regions’ traditional clothing culture. However, the success of reflecting traditional clothes has not equally worked out in body designs of dolls. Government agencies i.e. the Ministry of Culture and the National Ministry of Education have been working on the designs of a national doll since 1970. Criteria like the similarity to the typology of Turkish people in terms of physical appearance, a reflection of traditional clothes realistically, and being convenient for mass production become prominent in a doll design. Aiming to find the best national doll design, several background works have been realized by means of organizing folkloric dolls competitions at the national level. Elif Doll Project, started by Olgunlaşma Institute in 2009, can be accepted as one of the latest examples of the goal of national dolls creation. Elif Doll is one of the folkloric dolls in Turkey whereas it becomes distinctive in terms of typology, clothes designs, and its institutional support thereby relatively gains more power of national authority. Elif doll has been introduced as the folkloric doll that is reflecting the national characteristics and traditional clothing culture as well as announced as “The first traditional doll of Turkey” in a press conference given by the Minister of National Education chairing at that term. Olgunlaşma Institutes has designed twenty types of Elif dolls representing the traditional clothing culture of Turkey’s varied regions. The Trabzon Olgunlaşma Institute was responsible for manufacturing the doll’s body, Antalya Olgunlaşma Institute for the doll’s jewelry, and Ankara and Istanbul Sabancı Olgunlaşma Institutes were responsible for the embroidery, sewing, the quality control and packaging for sale. In this article, the question of how the national identity was presented through Elif Doll will be discussed. The processes like the determination of the doll’s name, typology, selecting clothes will be addressed from the point of creating a national image. Elif Doll Project will be evaluated by means of benefiting from the semi-structured interviews with the teachers of Olgunlaşma Institutes and the gathered news in written and visual media on Elif Dolls. Elif Dolls are basically criticized with regards to the gum tragacanth-like casting bodies and aesthetical clothing compositions instead of reflecting the traditional clothing culture of Turkey regionally. As a concluding remark, it is revealed that whether the clothes and typology of Elif Dolls are reflecting the national identity or not still remains a controversial issue even inside Olgunlaşma Institutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This explorative study aims to gain more insight into Swedish-Iranians' purchase of second homes in Turkey. The study is based on 22 questionnaires (19 of them from owners and buyers), field observation, and participant observation. Motives behind owners' and buyers' purchases are: other Swedish-Iranian friends/relatives bought there; cultural proximity; absence of visa restriction for Iranian citizens; geographical proximity to Iran and relatives living in Iran; economic factors, including the low prices and costs and investment for retirement; and the climate. The respondents are well-integrated into Swedish society and have access to different types of resources which facilitate the purchase, but they also show the potential to partially become integrated socioculturally into their Turkish communities. A meaningful proportion of them are seriously planning to live permanently in Turkey after retirement, but the majority stay there for longer periods or semi-permanently. Despite some limitations, this study makes an important contribution to the area of diaspora second-home tourism and to the field of diaspora studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caves are important touristic attractions of Turkey related to their geological, geomorphological, hydrological structures with floristic and faunistic, historical and cultural features. However, it is important to determine their potentials when they are protected and to provide their sustainability. In this context, Kastamonu which is one of the cities in Turkey with the number of caves has a richness related to the number of caves. In the hinterland of the city, there are many caves related to the geological structure of the landscape, tectonic and climatic features. The important caves in the city are the Ilgarini and the Mantar caves in Pınarbaşı town, the Sarpunalınca and the Sisli-Gizemli caves in Devrekani town, the Kuyluç caves in Şenpazar town, the Kılıçlı cave in Cide and the Medil cave and the Kırkbasamak cave in Azdavay town which becomes the theme of the research. These caves in Kastamonu have a great tourism potential and are waiting to be investigated and evaluated. The Medil Cave is situated in Ayvat district of Karakuşlu town in Azdavay town of Kastamonu in the west part of Blacksea region. The distance of the cave to Devrekani is about 7,2 km and is located in the east part of the Çatak Canyon occurred on the Devrekani stream. The entrance of the cave is 1046 meters high from the sea level. The Medil Cave has historical ruins inside and it is occurred in clay stones belonging Mesozoic age (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous). These ruins are thought belonging to the early Roman period and it proves that the cave has been used for protection for the people for a long time. The height of the cave is about 6 meters from the entrance to the basement. The entrance of the cave is very dangerous as the entrance is very narrow and it has 30o inclination. There are four saloons with different heights starting from the entrance and the galleries between them connect them to each other. The length of the cave is 205 m and besides the historical ruins, there are stalactites, stalagmites and drop-shaped ornaments in the Medil Cave. It provides a natural microclimate feature and it is active as hydrological. The Medil cave has a tourism potential with its cultural and historical features besides its drop-shaped ornaments. As it is very close to the Çatak Canyon, the tourism potential becomes important. No protection measures have been taken for the evaluation of the cave. It is necessary to build climbing route for the visitors and the cave should be illuminated. However, it is essential to build an environment around the cave with the accordance of the landscape and the structure of the cave should be protected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the destination wedding choice through a diasporic perspective by examining a Turkey wedding chosen by an Iranian diasporic family. The research findings illustrate how searching for certain aspects of an “ideal home” compels a group of people to choose a destination wedding because they are not able to celebrate their wedding in their original homeland or their country of residence. Within this new context, this study provides insight for destination wedding planners in an underresearched niche market with special demands and characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the ways states manage their national identity through cultural tourism policy. It draws on archival and ethnographic data on the opening of the Armenian Akhtamar Church in Turkey to cultural tourism and religious service for the first time after 95 years. Based on narrative evidence from the disputes among various actors with conflictual constructions of history, I find that states can use cultural tourism to produce multiple articulations of national identity and govern these articulations in accordance with their interests. The presence of multiple stages of tourism policy and the time and space bounded nature of interaction at each stage allow for the production of multiple images in different interaction situations. At the same time, the discourse of economic development associated with cultural tourism allows state actors to insulate themselves from criticism in disputes over national identity. The article shows how states use cultural tourism to create national identity even in the case of complex histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Destinations provide a combination of products and services. Using these resources, tourists create their own experiences. Providing a pleasing tourist experience is crucial for destinations’ long-term success. Although travellers’ experiences have been subject to extensive research, various segments might perceive them differently based on their motivations. Despite the fact that cultural tourism is considered as an important segment for most urban destinations, factors affecting cultural travel experiences have not been clarified in the literature so far. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting cultural tourists’ overall travel experiences. In order to achieve this study's goals, we chose Istanbul as a research context. After interviewing 21 tourists and analysis of transcribed data, 64 items were merged under 5 dimensions emerging as the key constructs affecting cultural tourist experiences in a destination, namely social interaction, local authentic clues, service, culture/heritage and challenge. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical tourism resources associated with diasporic communities and battlefields would at face value appear to have little in common. On closer inspection, however, diaspora and battlefield tourism share several elements in common. These commonalities are explored in greater detail, with an eye to investigating battlefield tourism sites indelibly linked to the birth of modem nations, where it is argued that there is a particularly blurred boundary between these two forms of tourism that must be recognized. The Gallipoli battlefield, Turkey, provides the contextual anchor for this discussion in suggesting that a key reason Australians travel to this foreign place to is to find out what it means to be an Australian. The prominence of this battlefield in the psyche of Australians is borne out of the involvement of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (Anzac) in the First World War campaign that commenced at what is now known as Anzac Cove at Gallipoli on April 25, 1915. This campaign was the first united action of the fledging Australian nation bought together through federation in 1901. Qualitative data collected from Australians visiting the Gallipoli battlefields in Turkey during 2010 is used to explore whether the experiences of those traveling to battlefields strongly associated with nation building legends and stories resemble those of diasporic tourists in seeking to return to their homeland. Emerging from the analysis, the confines of the blurred boundary between diaspora tourism and battlefield tourism is discussed in detail and an associated research agenda is proposed that aims to further clarify the scope of these concepts in relation to the broad spectrum of heritage tourism resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the “Respect for History” project on Turkey's Gallipoli Peninsula sponsored by a Turkish oil company, OPET. The project sought to enhance and protect the cultural and historical experiences of tourists visiting Gallipoli, and to bring direct and indirect benefits to local communities through enhancing tourism-related business opportunities and improving community infrastructure. This research investigates the project's impact on residents’ perceived social and economic wellbeing, using a quality of life framework, and also ascertains residents’ views of the sponsoring firm. The context illustrates key differences between pure philanthropy and strategic philanthropy; the latter defined as doing good by purposefully achieving corporate and civic benefits. The role of strategic philanthropy as a sustainable tourism development tool, and its impact on tourism governance, are considered. Data were collected from 674 residents on the Turkish Gallipoli Peninsula in areas impacted by OPET's investment program. The results, using structural equation modelling (SEM), identify that respondents generally believe that both their economic and social quality of life have improved. This, in turn, has positively influenced respondents’ views of the sponsoring organization. The concept of strategic philanthropy appears valuable as a private sector, non-tourism, sustainable tourism development tool in some circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes tourism plans and policies related to cultural tourism in Turkey. Past and current tourism plans and policy documents, as well as discourses of government officials, were content analyzed. The research findings indicate that Turkey has been positioned as more a sun, sea, and sand destination than a cultural destination. According to the State Planning Organization's Five-Year Development Plans, as well as past and current tourism plans for Turkey such as Tourism Vision 2023, cultural tourism is seen more as an alternative and secondary type of tourism for Turkey. One can claim that this is perhaps a missed opportunity for Turkey given its rich and unique cultural resources, since Turkey can offer unique, positive, and memorable cultural experiences for culture-core and culture-peripheral tourists. In order to achieve this, it is essential to symbolize and rejuvenate unique cultural resources so that innovative cultural capabilities (experiences) can be offered. In return, such original and vibrant experiences can better differentiate Turkey as a destination from its competitors. The article provides theoretical and practical implications and suggests areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ileti-s-im is the property of Universite Galatasaray, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the potential of tourism in literary heritage in Turkey. Literary heritage tourism is a place where literature, the space, and tourism come together. Tourism is put in place by using Herbert's typology. The literature tourism already exist and the potential areas for literary heritage tourism areas in the country.