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Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale (GUESS) is a relatively recent addition to the toolset of game user researchers, and it became one of the most used player experience evaluation methods in recent years. It is originally validated in English to provide a reliable tool for both academics and practitioners in the field to improve the validity and reliability of their research. In Turkey, the developing game industry, and the increased number of attempts in Game User Research demand reliable and valid measurement tools such as GUESS. Therefore, the current study aims to adapt the GUESS into the Turkish language and culture. We translated GUESS into Turkish through a series of expert inspection and back-translation processes. The translated item set is used for the evaluation of four video games in laboratory settings and additional two video games in participants' residences, due to Covid-19 restrictions. One hundred and twenty-one undergraduate students in the game design field participated in the gameplay sessions for evaluating games using the Turkish version of GUESS. Running a PLS-CFA on 449 responses, we revised the factor structure of GUESS for the Turkish version by splitting the Playability/Usability dimension into two separate factors and excluding four items. We suggest the removal of these items due to two reasons: 1) evaluating games chosen by the authors, and 2) working with an expert participant group, which are different from the volunteering game enthusiasts who evaluated a game of their choice in the original study. Overall, we validated that GUESS is applicable in Turkish to measure the game user experience, although there are minor differences with the original version. We suggest that the original English version may also be revised considering our methodology and findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic return of the tourism industry is increasing day by day. Destinations that want to increase their share of this increasing economic return want to attract potential tourists by diversifying the tourism services that they offer. In this context, destinations develop and implement special-interest tourism policies such as dark tourism, gastronomy tourism, ecological tourism, balloon tourism, or casino tourism. Considering the economic benefits of casino tourism, interest in the subject has increased. The main objective of the study is to examine positive and negative effects of the closure of casinos on tourism in Turkey, reveal Turkey's potential within the current casino tourism in the world, identify problems that may arise with casino tourism being allowed, and propose solutions. For this purpose, data were obtained through interviews with 10 hotel managers, who experienced about hotel casinos. The results showed that the closure of casinos in Turkey had negative effects on tourism industry and Turkey has significant casino tourism potential. As a result of interview, it can be suggested that artificially developed a touristic casino city in which entry and exits are made by foreign passport and can be followed with the latest systems can be created. There is paucity research on the reentry of casino tourism in Turkey. The results of study aim to provide insight to strategy and policy makers and relevant institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, games digitalized with the development of technology. Traditional games that many adult individuals played during their childhood were replaced by video games. Video games rapidly became industrialized and developed and they also appealed to both men and women from all age groups. Platforms such as consoles, laptops, and desktop computers serve as gaming platforms with a lot of video games. These games are categorized into genres such as MOBA (Multiplayer Online Battle Arena) and are developed accordingly by gaming companies based on players' interests. Video games change everything from people's lifestyles to life goals around the world and the industry is also gaining popularity in Turkey and transforming the society. This transformation takes place not only in the way that people waste time for childish purposes, but also in the context of achieving mental satisfaction and engaging in e-sports activities. As a part of technology, video games change the way people do activity. This necessitates a reinterpretation in the concept of sports and also offers new business sectors. Video games that satisfy the needs such as competition, pastime activities and entertainment are one of the dynamic and important phenomena of our age that should be examined. This study is mainly based on the importance of this such rapidly growing sector and the fact that it is not being adopted by many Turkish people and it is being regarded as a waste of time. This study aims to explain such related problems and increase Turkish people's awareness on video games and the e-sports industry. Thus, this study approaches facts such as video games and the e-sports industry and addresses the opportunities offered to Turkish game industry and Turkish players, based on the video game 'League of Legends'. The study also strives to create and awareness of video games and e-sports industry in Turkey. Within the context of the study, an interview was held with Turkish three male and three female League of Legends players on 29th July, 2020 over a communication software named 'Discord'. Various findings were discovered based on the participants' opinions and the theories that base on these opinions were validated in the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]