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Paradigmatic shifts in anthropological theory shape the ways in which play and ritual are conceptualized. By demarcating these shifts, the argument is made that an analysis of both play and ritual must start with the possibility of choice as distributed among participants who engage in play and ritual as forms of social practice. Taking the dynamics of framing in play and ritual and the patterns emerging in social interaction as a point of departure, the configuration of 'fractal dynamics' is introduced to relate play and rituals as emerging through recursive processes of framing social interaction. Based on rituals of saint veneration among Arab Alawites in southernmost Turkey, it is argued that not only are forms of ritual interaction among devotees at pilgrimage sites playful but also that ritual interactions of devotees with the saint are a form of existential play of chance and disguise. By taking into account the myth and social cosmology that institutes such rituals of veneration and interaction with the saint, it is concluded that these rituals of veneration and interaction with the saint as a non-human agent play with frames of reference. This is done in similar ways, as when the saint acts as a trickster or symbolic type and is perceived by devotees as playing with their perception through disguise and simulation. The reconfiguration of play and ritual through 'fractal dynamics' does not only explain the changing dynamics of social configurations in religious interactions with non-human agents, but it also helps to account for probability and choice—and simulation and disguise—in social situations that border the religious and mundane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study the cross correlations between Turkey stock market volatility and the stock market volatilities of BRICS countries are investigated in the period from February 3, 2012 to June 1, 2018. This study contributes to the literature by employing the MF-X-DMA method to analyse the effect of stock market volatilities of the BRICS countries to the Turkish stock market. Emprical results show that cross correlations between volatilities of Turkey-Brazil, volatilities of Turkey-Russia, volatilities of Turkey-India, volatilities of Turkey-China and volatilities of Turkey-South Africa have strong multifractal features. Moreover, the effects of small and large shocks in cross correlations are persistant in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]