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Deficiencies in the human visual percep-tion system have challenged the efficiency of the visual shade-matching protocol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and reliability of human eye in visual shade selection. Fifty-four volunteering dentists were asked to match the shade of an upper right central incisor tooth of a single subject. The Vita 3D-Master shade guide was used for the protocol. Before each shade-matching procedure, the definitive codes of the shade tabs were hidden by an opaque strip and the shade tabs were placed into the guide randomly. The procedure was repeated 1 month later to ensure that visual memory did not affect the results. The L*, a* and b* values of the shade tabs were measured with a dental spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade) to produce quantitative values to evaluate the protocol. The paired samples t-test and Pearson correlation test were used to compare the 1st and 2nd selections. The Yates-corrected chi-square test was use to compare qualitative values. Statistical significance was accepted at P < 0·05. Comparing baseline and 1st month records, statistical significance ( P < 0·001) was found among qualitative data regarding repeatability on a yes/no (1/0) basis, revealing a very low percentage of repeatability (11·1%). Comparing baseline and 1st month records, statistical significance was not found ( P = 0·000) among the L*, a*, b* and ΔE variables. These results indicate that dentists perform insufficiently regarding repeatability in visual shade matching, but they are able to select clinically acceptable shades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the incidence of eye dominance and relative factors in our state. Material and Methods: One hundred-sixty patients with a mean age of 42.75±6.38 (30-50) who was referred to Yalova State Hospital for refraction examination were included in the study. Patients were asked for which hand they use while writing and which foot they use while kicking the ball. Dolman's method, keyhole and +2 methods were used for (hole-in-the-card test) determination of the ocular dominance. Visual acuity was tested and refractive errors were determined. Any association with all these findings and ocular dominance were investigated. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS for Windows version 12. Mann Whitney U test was used for mean variables, and Chi-square test was used for categorical comparisons. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Ninety-one patients were female and 69 were male. Right eye was dominant in 81.5%. Handedness with right hand while writing was found 88.8%, and kicking with right foot in 85%. There was no association with ocular dominance and writing hand (p=0.345), shooting foot (p=0.410) and refractive errors (p=0.465). Conclusion: Right eye was more dominant than left eye. Detecting ocular dominance may be considered when planning to treat young adults, especially the presbyopic patients, and patients who will have cataract surgery to choose the correct eye for the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]