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Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Çagdas Türkiye Tarihi Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background  Organ transplantation reduces mortality and morbidity in patients with end-stage organ failure. The number of living organ donations is not enough to meet the current organ transplantation need; therefore, there is an urgent need for organ donation from cadavers. We aimed to determine the organ donation rates and reveal the obstacles against donation. Methods  This study is designed as a retrospective multicenter study consisting of eight university hospitals, three training and research hospitals, 26 state hospitals, and 74 private hospitals in nine provinces in Turkey. A total of 1,998 patients diagnosed with brain death between January 2011 to April 2019 were examined through the electronic medical records data system. Results  Median patient age was 38 (IQR: 19–57), and 1,275 (63.8%) patients were male. The median time between the intensive care unit admission and brain death diagnosis was 56 (IQR:2–131) hours. The most commonly used confirmatory diagnostic test was computed tomography in 216 (30.8%) patients, and the most common cause of brain death was intraparenchymal hemorrhage with 617 (30.9%) patients. A total of 1,646 (82.4%) families refused to permit organ donation. The most common reasons for refusal were family disagreement (68%), social/relative pressure (24%), and religious beliefs (8%). Conclusions  Many families refuse permission for organ donation; some of the provinces included in this study experienced years of exceptionally high refusal rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the association between empathy levels in organ transplant coordinators, who have an important role in organ donation from cadavers, and success rates of organ donation. Materials and Methods: This study was performed among healthcare providers who worked as organ transplant coordinators for at least a year across 21 hospitals in 9 cities of Turkey. In the socio-demographic data form prepared for the study, the coordinators were asked questions on their gender, age, professional experience, term of employment, and number of shifts per month. Additionally, the number of brain deaths that occurred during their shifts and the number of such cases accepted as donors were determined. Results: No relationship was found between the total empathy score of coordinators and the rate of finding a donor. There was no association between age, professional experience, shift, donor declaration, and empathy score. JSE Cronbach alpha value was calculated as 0.78. Conclusion: None of the variables related to organ transplant coordinators that were examined in this study were associated with the number of organ donations from deceased donors. Short-term and late communication by the coordinators could explain this situation. Earlier, longer, and repetitive contacts can contribute to obtaining positive results in organ donation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine the views of the Turkish people on oocyte/sperm donation. Materials and Methods: Following informed consent, a questionnaire was given to women and their spouses who presented to obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinics of a university hospital. The data collection form consists of 35 questions about the demographics of the participants and their thoughts about oocyte / sperm donation. A total of 428 women, including 323 women and 105 men, agreed to participate in the sampling study. Results Sixty-four-point three percent of the women and 71.4% of males found use of donated oocytes/sperms in infertile couples unacceptable. Sixty-three-point one percent of the participants said that both couples receiving, and those donating oocytes/sperms should get counseling. Twenty-one point-five percent of the participants approved of infertile couples' receiving oocytes/sperms donated by their relatives (e.g. sister) and friends and 31,8% agreed about getting them from strangers. Eighty-eight-point seven percent of the primary school graduates, 73.4% of the university graduates and postgraduates, 76.7% of the employed participants, 86.2% of the participants with an income lower than their expenses and 85.1% of the participants with live children reported to unaccept donated sperms if their spouses had a problem preventing them from having a child. Conclusion: More than half of the participants declared that it was not appropriate to have children through infertile-donated oocyte/sperm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadaver is a very important educational material for medical faculty students, students of health sciences, residents of any specialty in medicine and specialists. In developed countries, cadavers are mainly obtained by individual donations. However, like in other developing or underdeveloped countries, whole-body donations for cadaveric use in Türkiye are extremely scarce. This study sought to investigate the knowledge and awareness levels of medical faculty students about body donation and the factors that might influence their attitudes to body donation. The aim of the study is, with the results of the questionnaire, to raise public awareness for whole-body donation by creating public spots and by giving place in the official website of the Ministry of Health and make medical faculties to put lectures about body donation and its importance into their anatomy curriculum. A 31-item questionnaire with close-ended statements was administered to 291 students at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty. Only two of the participants (0.7%) stated that they had already donated their bodies to be used as a cadaver. Of note, those who reported considering whole body donation had higher maternal education levels (p = 0.002). The presence or absence of religious belief and the degree of religiosity were also significant factors, for significantly higher rates of non-believers and those who defined themselves as having a low degree of religiosity were in favor of body donation (p < 0.0001). According to the religion of Islam, we should inform the relevant media that there is no harm in donating a body. In addition, considering the effect of mother's education level on the decisions of young people on this issue, we can state that we see once again how important women's education is in order to make progress in every field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of 20 century, the West led to significant achievements in the field of aviation. All kinds of physical impossibility, even though the Turks did not stay away from developments in the field of aviation. Problems of the Young Republic and Ottoman Empire's economy are severe. For this reason, the air force does not have enough aircraft. Air force needed aircraft in a significant amount. Symbol of heroism and sacrifice of the people of Anatolia, the country's development and restructuring of air power struggle with providing integrated army. Especially during the first years of the republic, a large participation of the society has been involved in campaign donations in support of air power. Turkish women, peasants, businessmen, industrialists, military, air forces to sincerely support the national and religious obligation to strengthen the awareness that this sector has started to work in a planned way with deliberate steps. Turkish air industry in the world at the end of this process has become respectable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EU-Turkey Customs Union, is one of the much important touchstones of one integration organization, having an international dimensional. The cause of gaining such a distinctive qualification to the Customs Union is that it has a power affecting an economy of any country from productive to consumption in all briefly. Turkey has known that they would live the Customs Union reality since the beginning of the application days to be admitted to the European Economic Community. While agreement came into effect after a 22 year timetable, Turkey has encountered difficulties and problems since they could not be ready by themselves in this preparation duration. The argument that these difficulties came also from Turkey was not true, as the European Economic Community, in which we was included, did not fulfill the responsibilities they formally agreed upon mutually and have asserted various reasons. Therefore, in such situation, the EU-Turkey Customs Union duration has affected the economy of Turkey on a large scale. These effects, which are matters in questions for the Turkish economy, were realized much more than the general effects the Customs Union Agreement has caused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donation is one of the important aspects of the Turkish Culture. Turks continued their existence more easily because of their soliarity and helping the ones in need culture troughout history. In time, the government itself also needed donation. The last period of Ottoman Empire was also a fast period of technological development. The ground breaking development of aviation tecnology is one of the results of this period. Although Ottoman Empire was interested in aviation, its budget was not suitable for these kinds of studies. But not following the developments in aviation tecnology was meaning to await of a greater danger. In a difficult period like this, Turkish people supported aviation and helped its military to buy aircraft. During the period of The War of Independence and early period of Turkish Republic, donations played more important role in building and supporting Turkish Aviation. In this difficult period of the country, 350 aircraft was donated to Turkish Air Force. These donations was also continued after 1970 while building The National Aviation War Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Culture & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly is the property of Turkish Cultur & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

About one-fourth of the world population belongs to the religion of Islam, and a significant number of people in the Muslim society, including health professionals, are dedicated themselves to the holy book Qur'an but unclear about the religious teachings on organ donation and transplantation. These people are dependent on religious rulings declared by ecclesiastical authorities (scholars and imams). In this study, we aimed to question the attitude of Islamic nations on organ donation and transplantation. Secondly, we endeavored to investigate how the Islamic perspective on these issues influences scientific productivity about the subject of brain death, which is undeviatingly related to organ transplantation. The term "brain death" was searched in Thomson Reuters, Web of Science search engine, only including Muslim countries. All of the data obtained were subjected to bibliometric analysis. We also compared the transplantation statistics of Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation Organization with the development statistics of the United Nations (UN). The two leading Muslim countries in terms of scientific productivity about brain death are Turkey and Iran. Transplantation proceedings is the leading scientific journal on this subject. These two countries have outperformed other Islamic countries in terms of organ donation and transplantation statistics. We also revealed that the human development index and education index of the UN have a positive correlation with the number of deceased transplantation, which is directly related to the number of brain-death-diagnosed cases (r 0.696, p < 0.05 and r 0.771, p < 0.05, respectively). Additionally, we found a positive correlation between expenditure on research and development data of the UN with the number of total transplantations performed and the number of scientific articles on brain death (r 0.889, p 0.01 and r 0.634, p < 0.05, respectively). There is not a consensus about brain death and organ transplantation in Islamic nations, and the majority of these countries have various hindrances about organ donation and transplantation. The legal authorities, health professionals, religious rulers, and media should spend every effort to educate the people on organ donation and transplantation. And, policymakers of Islamic nations should allocate extra funds for education and scientific activities to break down negative views on organ donation and transplantation.

The Ministry of Health of Turkey has just passed a new Legislation on assisted reproduction techniques. The new legislation covers significant changes in the regulation of opening new assisted reproduction treatment centres, funding of the treatment, number of embryos to be transferred, cryopreservation and donation. It takes a brave step towards reducing the incidence of multiple pregnancies. However, it also makes Turkey one of the most strictly regulated countries in the world. The statements on gamete cryopreservation and donation may have social and clinical consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]