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Objective:  In addition to being a medical phenomenon, pandemics affect the individual and society on several levels and lead to disruptions. In the pandemic process, different groups in the population, including pregnant women as a defenseless group, are subjected to psychological threat. The present study aimed to determine the levels of anxiety and depression and related factors in pregnant women during the the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic., Methods:  The present cross-sectional study was conducted with 269 pregnant women through face-to-face interviews held in Istanbul, Turkey. Regarding the data collection tools, the Cronbach α reliability coefficient was of 0.90 for the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and of 0.85 for the Beck Depression Inventory., Results:  Among the participating pregnant women, 30.5% had mild, 17.5% had moderate, and 5.9% had severe anxiety symptoms, whereas 35.3% had mild, 16.7% had moderate, and 2.2% had severe depression symptoms. We found that those who were concerned about their health had 5.36 times ( p  = 0.04) more risk of developing anxiety, and 4.82 times ( p  = 0.01) more risk of developing depression than those who were not concerned. Those who had a history of psychiatric disease had 3.92 times ( p  = 0.02) more risk of developing anxiety than those without it., Conclusion:  We determined that about half of the pregnant women included in the study had some degree of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk factors for anxiety and depression among the pregnant women were determined as smoking, concerns about health and getting infected with the coronavirus, history of psychiatric disease, and undergoing regular antenatal care., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interests to declare. Funding of this research were covered by the authors., (Federação Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)

Our aim was to explore the existence of a possible relationship of sperm motility with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH VD) levels and with ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in infertile Turkish men. A total of 30 men with nonobstructive azoospermia (no spermatozoa in ejaculate), 30 men with oligospermia (total progressive motile sperm count (TPMSC) <15 × 10 6 /ml) and 33 fertile men with normospermia (with at least one child, as the control group) were enrolled in the study. The mean 25-OH VD levels for groups 1, 2 and 3 were 9.31 ± 6.46, 19.71 ± 12.80 and 30.52 ± 12.49 respectively (p < .05). There was a statistically significant difference in serum IMA levels among the groups (479.32 ± 307.56 vs. 296.37 ± 127.27 vs. 150.04 ± 81.05, respectively; p < .05). A positive correlation between serum 25-OH VD levels and TPMSC, and a negative correlation between TPMSC and serum IMA levels were determined. Infertile men had lower serum 25-OH VD and higher IMA levels than fertile men, with a positive correlation between serum 25-OH VD levels and TPMSC, and a negative correlation between TPMSC and serum IMA levels. Vitamin D supplementation may increase the sperm motility., (© 2020 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.)

Objectives: To assess hysteroscopic findings in patients with two, three, and four or more, consecutive miscarriages, and to compare the prevalence of uterine abnormalities between women with different numbers of such miscarriages., Methods: Two hundred and sixty-five women with two or more consecutive miscarriages were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into three groups according to the number of their miscarriages: Group 1 (two miscarriages, n = 151), Group 2 (three miscariages, n = 69), and Group 3 (four or more miscarriages, n = 45). All participants underwent a diagnostic hysteroscopy. Congenital (arcuate uterus, septate uterus, unicornuate uterus) and acquired uterine abnormalities (intrauterine adhesions, polyp and submucous myoma) were recorded. The hysteroscopic results were compared between the groups., Results: No anomalies were detected in 152 patients (57%), whereas 43 (16%) had a septate uterus, 30 (11%) an arcuate uterus, three (1%) a unicornuate uterus, 18 (7%) intrauterine adhesions, 17 (6 %) endometrial polyps, and two (1%) a submucous myoma. No significant differences were found between the groups with regard to either congenital or acquired uterine abnormalities., Conclusions: Patients with two, three, and four or more consecutive miscarriages have a similar prevalence of uterine anatomical abnormalities. Diagnostic hysteroscopy should be carried out after two such miscarriages.

Study Objective: To investigate the laparoscopic management of ovarian cysts in adolescents and young adults., Design: A retrospective chart review study., Setting: Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital., Participants: A total of 282 females aged 25 years or younger underwent laparoscopic surgery for a presumed benign ovarian cyst. Patients were grouped as adolescents (ages 12-19, n = 79) or young adults (ages 20-25, n = 203)., Main Outcome Measures: Surgical approach, operative findings and the correlation of intraoperative diagnosis with the definitive pathological reports., Results: The mean age of the patients was 21.2 years. At laparoscopic surgery, 89 patients (31.6%) had endometriomas, 47 (16.7%) had dermoid cysts, and 37 (13.1%) had paraovarian cysts. Ninety-seven patients (34.4%) had simple ovarian cysts. Pathological reports revealed that young adults were more likely to have endometriomas (34.0% vs 7.6%, P < 0.01), but dermoid cysts and simple ovarian cysts were more frequent (20.3% vs 15.3%, P < 0.01 and 60.7% vs 40.9%, P < 0.01, respectively).in adolescents. Eleven of the cases (3.9%) were found to have mucinous cystadenomas and fourteen (5.0%) to have serous cystadenomas. Four cysts were malignant (1.4%). Cystectomy was performed in 205 cases (72.7%), fenestration of cyst wall was performed in 53 cases (18.8%), and aspiration was applied in 22 cases (7.8%). The types of operation were not significantly different among adolescents and young adults (P > 0.05). The operative diagnosis was highly correlated with the final pathological reports (kappa value= 0.901, P < 0.001). There were no operative and postoperative complications in our series., Conclusion: With a careful preoperative screening, the laparoscopic surgery of ovarian cyst is an efficient and safe treatment for adolescents and young adults., (Copyright © 2011 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of two different laparoscopic methods on ovarian reserve as determined by antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume in patients with bilateral endometriomas., Design: Randomized prospective study., Setting: Tertiary education and research hospital., Patient(s): Forty-eight patients with bilateral endometriomas., Intervention(s): AFC and ovarian volumes determined before and after surgery; coagulation and cystectomy performed on one randomly selected side of each patient for their endometriomas; in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer., Main Outcome Measure(s): Ovarian reserve damage as determined by AFC and ovarian volume, and number of dominant follicles and retrieved oocytes after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation., Result(s): In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were performed for 37 of 48 patients. The number of dominant follicles and the retrieved oocytes were assessed after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. The postprocedural AFC was 3.67±1.26 and 4.75±0.60 after cystectomy and coagulation, respectively. A statistically significantly greater decrease in AFC was found after cystectomy as compared with coagulation. Postprocedural ovarian volumes were 6.27±1.95 and 9.87±2.01 after cystectomy and coagulation, respectively. A decrease in ovarian volume was found after cystectomy when compared with coagulation., Conclusion(s): The decreases in AFC and ovarian volume were found for both coagulation and cystectomy, but the decrease was statistically significantly more frequent in cystectomized ovaries than in coagulated ovaries. Also, in the in vitro fertilization cycles, the ovarian response to ovulation induction was statistically significantly reduced in cystectomized ovaries as compared with coagulated ovaries., (Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)