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Context: Antimicrobial intracanal medicaments play a vital role in successful outcome of any endodontic procedure. One such plant extract Cuminium cyminium, as intracanal medicaments needs to be researched. Aims: The purpose of this study was in vitro assessment of the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of C. Cyminium in comparison to Calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) as intracanal medicament against the pathogens of endodontic infection, at an interval 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Settings and Design: The study was conducted in the central research laboratory of our institute. Freshly prepared C. cyminium extract was procured from AYUSH approved laboratory and direct contact test (DCT) was utilized, which is based on turbidometric determination of microbial growth in a 96-well microplate, carrying 6 times for each bacteria. Methodology: Three groups were assigned for each material in a 96 microwell plate for DCT. Bacterial growth kinetics was monitored at intervals of 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h using spectrophotometer at 595 nm. The optical density of T2 (Test group), P2 (Positive control), and N2 (Negative control) was considered. Statistical Analysis Used: After compiling the data, based on the normality of data, further statistical analysis was conducted using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Paired t-test, and pairwise comparisons by Turkey's multiple post hoc procedures. The level of statistical significance was set at P = 0.05. Results: The comparison of mean optical density values of C. cyminium in comparison with Ca(OH)2 against the microorganisms of endodontic origin showed a statically significant decrease in bacterial viability at the end of 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that C. cyminium has significant antibacterial action against endodontic origin, at interval of 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical buildings are an important piece of our cultural heritage. It is important that the materials used in the preservation, repair and reinforcement applications of these structures should be compatible with the existing structure. In many of the historical buildings in Turkey, it was reported use of the Khorasan mortar as the masonry mortar and plaster. Khorasan mortar contains slaked lime as a binder, river sand, and clayey materials as aggregate, which are fired at high temperature. It was emphasized that this mortar is an essential building material widely used in the construction and repair of historical buildings from past to present. In this study, the effects of binder, aggregate, chemical admixture, organic admixture, and fiber properties on the mechanical and durability performance of Khorasan mortar and lime-based mortar mixtures were investigated. For this purpose, a comprehensive literature research was carried out on this subject. In addition, the positive and negative effects of these materials on the mortar mixture were emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage masonry constructions constitute an important percentage of the structures in many countries. These structures are highly vulnerable to environmental changes (such as earthquakes), and significant losses in masonry historical constructions occur even in a moderate earthquake. For this reason, damage assessment studies of these structures before earthquakes are of great importance. After an earthquake, historical buildings in Turkey were examined and it was found that many buildings underwent damage. In these structures, damage occurs during the earthquake due to the use of low‐quality materials and a lack of sufficient connections between the layers. In these buildings, damage especially occurs in the parts that undergo restoration. Since low‐strength repair mortars are generally used in the restored sections, wide cracks have occurred in the building elements under the effect of earthquakes. This study aimed to produce alternative materials that could be used as geopolymer binders in restorated buildings. The mechanical, physical, and microstructural characteristics of the geopolymer samples were investigated in detail using laboratory tests. As a result, the strength of geopolymer repair materials with 8 M and 5% calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) was very high when compared with other values. High‐strength compatible alternative geopolymer repair mortars that could be used for restoration were produced. For this reason, mortar is considered a significant application for repairing and strengthening buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of primary tooth pulpotomies using two different white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements and calcium hydroxide (CH). Methods: Primary molars (n=139) from three- to nine-year-old children were randomly assigned to be treated using either ProRoot MTA (n=46), MTA Angelus (n=45), or CH paste (n=48) as pulpotomy medicaments. All pulpotomized teeth received a Class I amalgam as a final restoration. Recall examinations were carried out at one, three, six, 12, 18, and 24 months. Results: The 24-month cumulative clinical success rates for ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, and CH were approximately 98 percent, 96 percent, and 77 percent, respectively. The cumulative radiographic success rates for ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, and CH were approximately 98 percent, 91 percent, and 45 percent, respectively. For all parameters evaluated, the MTA cements showed similar clinical and radiographic outcomes (P>.05), which were significantly better than those of CH (P<.05). The two-year clinical and radiographic survival probabilities for ProRoot MTA and MTA Angelus were comparable (P=.62 and P=.20, respectively) and superior to calcium hydroxide (all P>.05). Conclusions: ProRoot MTA and MTA Angelus showed similar and favorable success rates as pulpotomy materials in primary molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Tuff has always been a type of material used as natural building stone in building sector since early times. The reason for such a common use despite its low strength properties and high porosity is the fact that tuff is lightweight, easy to process and has good isolation properties. Another practical area for tuff in building sector is its use in cement production as pozzolan. Making use of tuffs’ high porosity and of cement production process, what is aimed in this study is enhancement of strength properties of white tuff blocks in the Eskisehir–Derbent Ciftligi region by means of treatment in slaked lime bath. Half of the tuff samples were kept in slaked lime bath for 1day and the other half were kept for 1week and then they were subjected to uniaxial compression tests (UCS). The tests were conducted on the sample groups kept for 7days and 28days under atmospheric conditions like those of concrete tests. Analysis of variance among the test results showed that it was appropriate to keep tuff blocks in lime-water for a maximum of 1day and to air-dry them for 7days. This method proved successful in ensuring a 100% increase in UCS of the white tuffs in the Eskisehir-Derbent Ciftligi region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aluminum manufacturing has been reported as one of the largest industries and wastewater produced from the aluminum industry may cause significant environmental problems due to variable pH, high heavy metal concentration, conductivity, and organic load. The management of this wastewater with a high pollution load is of great importance for practitioners in the aluminum sector. There are hardly any studies available on membrane treatment of wastewater originated from anodic oxidation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the best treatment and reuse alternative for aluminum industry wastewater using membrane filtration. Additionally, the performance of chemical precipitation, which is the existing treatment used in the aluminum facility, was also compared with membrane filtration. Wastewater originated from anodic oxidation coating process of an aluminum profile manufacturing facility in Kayseri (Turkey) was used in the experiments. The characterization of raw wastewater was in very low pH (e.g., 3) with high aluminum concentration and conductivity values. Membrane experiments were carried out with ultrafiltration (PTUF), nanofiltration (NF270), and reverse osmosis (SW30) membranes with MWCO 5000, 200-400, and 100 Da, respectively. For the chemical precipitation experiments, FeCl 3 and FeSO 4 chemicals presented lower removal performances for aluminum and chromium, which were below 35% at ambient wastewater pH ~ 3. The membrane filtration experimental results show that, both NF and RO membranes tested could effectively remove aluminum, total chromium and nickel (>90%) from the aluminum production wastewater. The RO (SW30) membrane showed a slightly higher performance at 20 bar operating pressure in terms of conductivity removal values (90%) than the NF 270 membrane (87%). Although similar removal performances were observed for heavy metals and conductivity by NF270 and SW30, significantly higher fluxes were obtained in NF270 membrane filtration at any pressure that there were more than three times the flux values in SW30 membrane filtration. Due to the lower heavy metal (<65%) and conductivity (<30%) removal performances of UF membrane, it could be evaluated as pretreatment followed by NF filtration to protect and extend NF membrane life. The water treated by both NF and RO could be recycled back into the process to be reused with economic and environmental benefits.