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The earthquakes in Turkey and Syria in February 2023 caused catastrophic destruction of infrastructure and material values, thousands of human losses and missing persons, helplessness, suffering, grief, and hope. The earthquake series raised questions to institutions of various levels, to ministries and departments, to commissions and the population. The resulting large-scale disaster with consequences reveals the need for improvements in preparedness, immediate action, lean organization, crisis and long-term planning, and national and international assistance. The aim of the study is to highlight the issues related to earthquakes that are important to society through an analysis of the earthquakes in Turkey and Syria in February 2023. Material and methods: A content analysis was performed using the technique for describing objective, systematic and quantitative media content. The methods used are complex - documentary, descriptive and comparative. Results and discussion: The research shows that the earthquakes in February in Turkey have led to a severe general and medical situation, which is why they can be classified as a public disaster. The article uses an original approach, collecting and summarizing the most frequent and important questions related to earthquakes and providing brief answers that are relevant in a practical sense. Conclusion: The study of earthquakes as a disaster will lead to a faster, adequate and comprehensive organization and corresponding actions by institutions and the population. Strategies and actions undertaken by various sectors are needed not only at the local and national level, but also internationally. The earthquakes in Turkey and Syria showed the empathy and coordination of different countries in case of a disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral history is one of the teaching methods that enable students to integrate with social life in the Social Studies lessons. The effective use of the oral history method in the Social Studies lessons contributes to the students' acquisition of various skills and values, to know the society they belong to, to be interested in history, and to the meaning of the Social Studies lessons. The main purpose of the research is to examine the articles about oral history in social studies in Türkiye in terms of various criteria. Document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. In this context, 24 articles on oral history in Social Studies, which were made between 2013 and 2022, were examined in the research. The reviewed articles were accessed from TR Index, ERIC, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar databases. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data. In the research, it was revealed that the most articles were published in 2017 within the scope of oral history in Social Studies in Türkiye. However, since 2018, there has been a decrease in the number of articles on oral history in Social Studies over the years. The articles are mostly aimed at determining the perceptions, views and attitudes of the participants. In the articles in which oral history studies were applied, the subject of "life in the past" was determined the most. In addition, it was revealed that in about half of the articles in which oral history studies were applied, there were no criteria for determining the source person and most of the oral history studies were not evaluated. Based on the results of the research, it is recommended to diversify the subjects studied in oral history studies in Social Studies, to use different activities and to evaluate these studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 2014 excavation season, 6 mud brick samples were taken from different Neolithic layers of the Eastern mound of Çatalhöyük (C14 cal. 7100-5950 BC). For characterization of mud bricks, we carried out the following archaeometric techniques and analysis; hydrometer, atterberg limits, loss on ignition, deal with acid and sieve analysis, petrographic analysis (thin/thick sections, Stereo and Polarizing Microscope observations), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). This methodology were performed for the first time in this study on mud bricks at Çatalhöyük. According to results of this study, the chemical content of materials used in the mud bricks, the type/ratio of the binder, the particle size distribution, the effect of water content on volume change and soil consistency, as well as the type/ratio of the additives and filling materials could be determined. The results shed light as a reference point for the further mudbrick studies of the prehistoric period in Anatolia. As an interdisciplinary study, one of the goals of this research was to determine the chemical contents and physical properties of earthen building materials of Çatalhöyük to be able to make the same adobe mixtures for conservation activities. By using these compositions during the conservation treatments, original composition and characteristics of restoration mortars will not have been changed and physical stresses on original materials will be prevented. Carried out in conjunction with the Konya Basin Paleoenvironments Project (KOPAL), the source of raw materials, binder and tempering agent used in each building from different layers were determined. The results of this study revealing clearly that the raw materials used for making mud bricks were derived from local resources nearby settlement. At the same time, the binders and additives were added to the raw materials in 4 different layers (VIA-IX layers) not only have been in each layer, but also in different buildings of the same layer have been changed (samples 1-2: buidings 80-76 and samples 3-4: buildings 7-11) in order to produce more robust and durable mud bricks. The results proved that in the early layers of Çatalhöyük (layer IX/6800-6700 BC) only clay (muscovite) and organic additives (straw) were used for manufacture of mud bricks. But in VIII layer (6700-6600 BC) they were used two type of clay (kaolinit+muscovite). In VIl Layer (6600-6500 BC) gypsum were added to mud bricks for the first time as binder. In VIA Layer (6500-6400 BC) firstly gypsum and slacked lime were used together and then only the slacked lime were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to investigate the content of Covid-19 news in the media before and after the declaration of the first Covid-19 case in Turkey, as well as the compatibility of their medical massages with World Health Organisation (WHO) data. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, Covid-19 news in Turkey's most visited webpages of five newspapers and five internet news sites was examined retrospectively for two months categorized as the periods of one month before and one month after the first Covid-19 case declaration in Turkey. The news was evaluated according to their content, sources, content and headline compatibility, evidence and accuracy levels in terms of WHO reports, its potential to evoke social negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, panic, and to produce negative bias against China. Statistical analysis was performed by using the SPSS 21 program and the results were expressed as numbers and percentages. Results: It was determined that in total of 7915 news, the most content was about the protection and prevention methods. In the news before and after the first case declaration in Turkey, the content-headline incompatibility rates were 50,8% and 1,1%; incompatibility rates of the medical information in the news with WHO reports were 7,1% and 2,9%; the rates of referencing were 74,3% and 66,9%, the rates of the news having the potential to produce anxiety and fear in the reader were 56,9% and 19,6% and to produce prejudice and negative attitudes towards China were 19,7% and 4,6%, respectively. Conclusions: It seems that the declaration of the first Covid-19 case changed the news making pattern of the media to a more responsible behaviour for the public. We suggest that it is a rational approach to use the power of the media correctly in enhancing public awareness towards Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Izmir, as the third most populous city of Turkey, has great importance in industrial and commercial aspects on both national and global scales. Due to the city's geographical location and social and political structure the it is also an important migration destination. For last decade main immigration to Izmir stem from İstanbul, Ankara, Manisa and Aydın. Izmir host 5,3% of Turkey's total population; while its population growth rate was above Turkey's average in 2017 it is below since 2018. The net migration rate has drop down to 0,4% in 2018 from 0,5% of 2010s. While we consider the migration of Izmir according to age groups, the 25-29 years old are biggest group in immigration and 20-24 years old in emigration; 60-64 years olds are the smallest in both of the two groups. It is striking to see the young and dynamic structure by analysing the age groups and educational composition of migration process of Izmir. Demographic effectiveness of migration in Izmir has dropped down from 13,1% in 2008 to 10,7% in 2018. Seferihisar, Güzelbahçe, Torbalı and Foça are counties of Izmir where the net migration rates are biggest while Konak, Kiraz, Beydağ and Selçuk counties show the lowest net migration rates in Izmir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is an influential incident that is directly related with the sociocultural, economic and political structures of the societies. The net amount of migration and the migration rate are the main tools that are used to measure the migration. These tools can be seen as the most important factors that explain the reasons of the decrease or the increase in a population. However, to be able to understand the changes in the demographic structures and in the spatial distributions, migrations have to be analyzed in different ways. Migration effectiveness and migration turnover rate are two of these different ways. In this research, the migration effectiveness, the migration turnover rate, population turnover and the net migration rates which are the important indicators of the migration in Turkey's first level regions during the years between 2007 and 2017 are determined. Also, by using these indicators, migration analyses of the regions are done. According to the data obtained between 2007 and 2017, the migration turnover rates in the Southeast, Middle East, Northeast and Middle Anatolia regions are generally negative. The Population Turnover Rate which explains the effects of inner migrations on the population exchange shows that the highest population turnover occurs at the regions of Eastern Black Sea and Northeastern Anatolia. According to the average value of ten different data periods, Istanbul, West Marmara, East Marmara, Aegean and West Anatolian are the leading regions where net migration effectiveness is positive. Some changes are observed in the immigration charts of the last two periods of Istanbul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying health in its various manifestations, such as physical, mental and social well-being, is particularly important in adolescence. Most young people don’t have serious illnesses, but they still experience psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. Typical characteristic for the adolescent age is the emergence and development of emotional and behavioral problems concerning the psychological and physiological changes of their organism. Those changes can be in their living context, Changing school and friends, changes in family structure, relationships with parents, etc. The aim of this study is to examine the subjective assessment of health-related quality of life in 17-year-old Bulgarian and Turkish youths. The research was made among 2490 adolescents at 17 years of age from Bulgaria and Turkey who participated in the international study of "The Health Behavior in School-aged Children" (HBSC)-2016 ("Behavior and Health of School-aged Children"). The data is provided by the Ministry of Health of Bulgaria and the Ministry of Health of Turkey and is a part of representative samples for both countries. The so-called. "Mental Health Scale" was used. It is a Non-clinical measure of psychological well-being, affecting various emotional, cognitive, psycho-genetic and psychological aspects. A comparison was made between adolescents, divided into groups based on the data concerning the scale that regard some health measures-self-assessment of health, psychosomatic complaints and life satisfaction. The independent impact of health, family, peer, and school environment factors on the health-related quality of life has been investigated. Common tendencies and predictors of psychological well-being have been established for Bulgarian and Turkish youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine how undergraduates comprehend the theoretical relations between differentiability and integrability concepts within the frame of proof schemes in analysis courses. The study participants were 172 freshmen from three different mathematics departments in Turkey. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the general picture on propositional knowledge about the concepts of continuity, differentiability, and integrability. Afterwards, participants' written answers on the concepts of differentiability and integrability were analysed, particularly in terms of proof schemes usage. The data collected during the study were analysed and interpreted using a classification method and descriptive statistics. Results indicated that many students who answered the propositions correctly could not use valid arguments for their answers. Most of the arguments used by undergraduates in the external proof scheme based on procedural knowledge and described with reference to authority did not have the content to be evaluated as proof. Although analytical proofswere rarely used by undergraduates, more valid argumentswere constructed in such proof approaches. The role of definition and propositional knowledge, and also awareness of counterexample,were discussed in order to construct successful theoretical relations in a teaching environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual abuse is a significant problem, especially for children, but only a limited number of sexual abuse cases involving children are reported to the relevant authorities. One hundred and fifty files recorded in the National Judiciary Information System between 2006–2012 relating to cases of child sexual abuse and considered to be within the scope of Offences Against Sexual Integrity pertaining to Turkish Penal Code were analyzed for this research. Statements of the victims, defendants, and witnesses, together with the minutes issued by law enforcement officers, hospital or forensic reports, and arrest warrants were used to collect data. The average values and percentage test analysis were used to assess data. A large portion of the sexually abused children were determined to be between 14 and 17 years of age, female, and had been abused before, while a majority of the abusers were between 19 and 25 years of age, and all of the abusers identified as male. Most of the cases of abuse were planned and carried out under threat, and a certain number of such crimes resulted in pregnancy, were repeated systematically, and became evident when the mothers of the abused children found out or when a pregnant child was referred to a hospital for childbirth. The sexual abuse of children is a significant problem for Turkish society, just as it is for other societies, and it is recommended that further research be conducted with a broader scope in order to present this issue more clearly and to develop solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The finger-tapping test is a commonly employed quantitative assessment tool used to measure motor performance in the upper extremities. This task is a complex motion that is affected by external stimuli, mood and health status. The complexity of this task is difficult to explain with a single average intertap-interval value (time difference between successive tappings) which only provides general information and neglects the temporal effects of the aforementioned factors. Aims: This study evaluated the time course of average intertap-interval values and the patterns of variation in both the right and left hands of right- handed subjects using a computer-based finger-tapping system. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: Thirty eight male individuals aged between 20 and 28 years (Mean±SD = 22.24+1.65) participated in the study. Participants were asked to perform single-finger-tapping test for 10 seconds of test period. Only the results of right-handed (RH) 35 participants were considered in this study. The test records the time of tapping and saves data as the time difference between successive tappings for further analysis. The average number of tappings and the temporal fluctuation patterns of the intertap-intervals were calculated and compared. The variations in the intertap-interval were evaluated with the best curve fit method. Results: An average tapping speed or tapping rate can reliably be defined for a single-finger tapping test by analysing the graphically presented data of the number of tappings within the test period. However, a different presentation of the same data, namely the intertap-interval values, shows temporal variation as the number of tapping increases. Curve fitting applications indicate that the variation has a biphasic nature. Conclusion: The measures obtained in this study reflect the complex nature of the finger-tapping task and are suggested to provide reliable information regarding hand performance. Moreover, the equation reflects both the variations in and the general patterns associated with the task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tevbe-nâme is one of the genres written in Classical Turkish poetry. Tevbe-nâme that has common characteristics with prayer due to its begging expressions differs from prayer in that it focuses only on forswearing. Tevbe-nâme can either be written in a separate verse form and or can be included as a part of a mesnevi as well. This study focuses on genre concept, religious verse types and the dictionary and term meaning of tevbe word. The tevbe-nâme genres that are found as a result of our studies are classified, a short analysis of texts is done, all the tevbe-nâme texts that have not been published before by Veysi, Mustafa Şehdî and Refî'-i Kâlâyî are included in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oil pollution was investigated in Golden Horn in February, April and May 2005. The analysis was made by ultraviolet fluorospectrophotometer and gas chromatography - mass spectrometer. The maximum oil pollution was found in the seawater under Haliç Bridge 174.50 μg/L in 04/2005, 130.50 μg/L in 05/2005, in the seawater under Unkapani Bridge 104.90 μg/L in 02/2005 and in the seawater under Galata Bridge 56.45 μg/L in 05/2005. Many linear aliphatic (C8-C44), (C5, C14, C24 derivates), cycloalkane and alkene (C11-C16) were detected. Aromatics 1-ring (benzene derivatives), 2-rings, benzofuran, 3-rings (anthracene, phenantrene) were identified by GC/MS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A descriptive study was conducted to assess the disciplinary practices of Turkish mothers for increasing appropriate and decreasing inappropriate behaviours of their children. The participants were 50 mothers of 4- to 6-year-old children receiving preschool education. The data were collected via a questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions. The results revealed that the most frequently used disciplinary technique for strengthening desirable behaviours of children was presenting verbal praise, followed by presenting activity, edible, and social reinforcers whereas the favourite disciplinary technique for overcoming behaviour problems was providing verbal explanations. These findings show that the participants seem to be benefiting from a variety of behavioural techniques for supporting their children's appropriate behaviours. However, they look less competent when it comes to discouraging inappropriate behaviours. These findings are expected to (a) offer an alternative data collection model for assessing parental disciplinary practices, and (b) contribute to designing parent training and family-focused early intervention programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]