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Copyright of Düzce University Journal of Forestry / Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi is the property of Duzce University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Ticks are arthropods found in many parts of the world that parasitize vertebrates, including livestock, wild animals, and humans. The distribution of tick in animals is an issue that needs to be taken into consideration as it also causes great economic losses. This study aims to detect ticks in the cattle population raised in Çankırı (province, Türkiye). Methods: In this study, tick samples were collected from 150 cattle between June and October 2022. Tick samples (n=1196) were identified morphologically using a stereomicroscope. Results: All collected ticks were adults, of these 516 (43.1%) were males and 680 (56.9%) females. With 845 (70.7%) specimens Haemaphysalis punctata was the most prevalent species, followed by Dermacentor marginatus 120 (10%), R. sanguineus 113 (9.4%). The least common tick type was Ixodes ricinus with 4 (0.3%), followed by Rhipicephalus bursa 9 (0.8%), and Hyalomma marginatum 9 (0.8%). There was a significant difference in terms of gender distribution between tick species (p<0.001), which was most pronounced in the case of R. sanguineus where 75% of the specimens were females and 25% males. R. sanguineus was the most prevalent species in Cardaklı and Yakalı; D. marginatus in Budakpınar and Soğluk; while Hae. puncatata in Eyüpözü, Susuz, Kızılıbrık, Ilıpınar, Hüyük, and Bozkuş District. The most common ticks in Susuz and Kızılıbrık belonged to the genus Haemaphysalis. Conclusion: This study contributed to health and economy by investigating the tick population in cattle. The distribution of ticks varies according to regions, climates and livestock activities. Since such studies have not been conducted in Çankırı before, we did not have the opportunity to compare with other studies. Prioritizing cattle has helped define the tick population in this region where animal husbandry is developed. By examining ticks, data was gained regionally in the fight against tick-borne diseases. In the study, the distribution of ticks between the Black Sea and Central Anatolia regions was examined and regional data was also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the historical period, the animal figure has taken an important place in Turkish culture, from the time the Proto-Turkish lived to the present day. He has given these animals many meanings, both symbolic and mythological. As a result, he used these animal figures, both realistically and stylistically, on many objects and embedded them in every area of his life. Among these animals, the goat figure has been one of the most important animal patterns in culture. This animal, which has an important place in its existence, has been feared, respected, and glorified over time. As a result of all this, he believed that both his aesthetic structure benefited from it and that it would be protected through it. Due to these characteristics, the goat figure has taken an important place in Turkish art. From cave walls to ceramic vessels, from stamps used in monuments to tent pieces, from oral literary works to painting, it has been used in all fields of art. In this study, we presented the symbolic meanings and uses of the goat figure, which has been used in each period and is the subject of different arts, in the Anatolian countryside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine the perceptions of young people between the ages of 18-22 in Türkiye, studying at universities and representing generation Z regarding the consumption of artificial meat and to determine whether there will be a consumer base for artificial meat in Türkiye in the coming years. For this purpose, face-to-face interviews were conducted with a total of 227 individuals, 95 (41.85%) female and 132 (58.15%) male participants. Both quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive analysis were used in the research. Qualitative analyses were evaluated using Maxqda 20 Package Program. 77 respondents (33.92%) stated that they could consume artificial meat. 29 (30.52%) female and 45 (34.09%) male participants stated that they could consume artificial meat. Participants stated that they would not consume artificial meat because they were concerned about artificial meat being unhealthy, unnatural, insufficient in terms of nutritional value, unsafe, negatively affecting animal husbandry, and posing a problem in terms of belief. As a result, contrary to expectations, generation Z living in Türkiye has a high potential to consume artificial meat. As long as the concerns of the participants are clarified, we foresee that there will be a more serious increase in the artificial meat consumption potential of the generation Z, which will represent the Turkish population in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to analyze the trend in average monthly and yearly temperatures in Cizre District. In the study, trends (positive or negative) in monthly and annual average temperatures have been determined, using 59 years of temperature data covering between 1963-2021 from Meteorology Station of the Cizre district. The reason of choosing Cizre as the study area is that it is one of the districts with highest average temperatures in Türkiye and to find out the effects of climate change in the area. In this study, Mann-Kendall Trend Test and Linear Trend Model analysis methods, which are commonly preferred in trend analyses, have been used. Trends in temperatures have been determined by Mann-Kendall method and future predictions were made by Linear Trend method. According to the results, it has been determined that there has been a positive trend in average temperatures in February, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, December and in annual average temperatures in Cizre. Positive trends are more common in spring and summer seasons. This positive trend in temperature average will certainly cause unfavorable impacts on many areas such as agriculture, animal husbandry, and tourism and energy generation. It is advised to initiate necessary studies to reduce the effects of climate change by utilizing water resources consciously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatolia witnessed an increase in mobility and interaction during the Iron Age. Peoples from Southeastern Europe and Southwest Asia migrated into and across Anatolia. At the same time, under the influence of expanding and competing polities, trade and military mobility reinforced supra-regional networks across land and sea. Little is known about how animal husbandry practices in Iron Age Anatolia changed in the face of these large-scale movements of people and goods. Especially little understood remains how past mobility and connectivity influenced pig husbandry, as pigs are generally considered rather immobile animals, and Iron Age animal mobility studies tend to focus on pastoralist practices (e.g. Hammer and Arbuckle, 2017). Yet, pig husbandry practices are highly plastic, and may have changed dynamically along with evolving economic and socio-cultural circumstances during the first millennium BC. In addition, palaeogenetic studies provide evidence that durign the Iron Age pigs with European lineages appeared and subsequently spread over Anatolia (Ottoni et al., 2013) suggesting pigs may have been actively incorporated in trade and mobility. Building on these two observations, this paper explores pig husbandry practices over the course of the Anatolian Iron Age (1200–600 BCE) by (1) discussing diachronic change in relative abundance of pigs and mortality patterns over different sites in first millennium BC Anatolia; (2) investigating whether the introduction of European pigs in Anatolia coincided with noticeable phenotypic changes in pig populations by looking at pig biometry using the R package zoolog. Primary data from various key sites are presented (Troy, Klazomenai, Gordion, Kerkenes, Kinet Höyük) alongside a meta-analysis of published zooarchaeological data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Hydatic cyst is one of the most common parasitic diseases caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Although it can be seen worldwide, it is a significant health problem in developing countries such as Türkiye. In this study, we reviewed the epidemiological and clinical data of cystic echinococcosis cases in a tertiary hospital and reviewed current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 patients were included in the study between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2022. Results: In the retrospectively planned study, 16 (39%) of the patients were female, and the mean age was determined to be 47.4±11.7 years. Twenty-seven (65.9%) of the patients were living in rural areas. The most affected organ was the liver (48.8%). Multiple organ involvement was observed in 2 cases. The diagnosis of most patients was made using ultrasound (73.2%). Anemia (22%) was the most frequently detected finding in the laboratory tests performed before treatment. Other laboratory findings were ranked as eosinophilia and leukocytosis. The treatment of the majority of patients was done both medically and surgically (75.6%). Thirty-four patients (82.9%) did not have a recurrence. Among the 7 patients who had a recurrence, the first site of recurrence was observed in the liver in 3 of them. Conclusion: Hydatid cyst is still an important disease in our country due to its impact on both human and animal health and serious economic losses in areas engaged in animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wolf and deer et al. some animals have been considered sacred since the past, and they were brought to Anatolia from Central Asia and mentioned in many legends and stories. The fact that it is sometimes associated with the Tree Mother is one of the reasons why it is seen as the ancestor-mother of the goddess and why it is considered among the sacred animals in our culture. Archaeological excavations in various regions of Anatolia have yielded various geometric, floral and animal motifs, especially on ceramic forms. These fragments and the motifs on them were also identified during the archaeological excavations at Kaman Kalehöyük, which began in 1985. Deer motifs, which are considered sacred by the Turks, were analyzed on ceramic surfaces in the Kalehöyük Archaeology Museum in Çağırkan Town, Kaman District of Kırşehir Province. The research is based on the ongoing excavations in the region, oral interviews with museum officials and institute staff, and onsite documentation. In this context, this study is considered important in terms of determining the finds obtained during the excavations and explaining why the deer motif of previous civilizations was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological data from the highlands of Eastern Turkey unfortunately does not provide tangible evidence for the transformation of the earliest village communities into the institutional societies of the Urartian State period. The first cities, advanced agricultural activities, mass production and developed commercial activities, however, started to appear after the establishment of the Urartian State, as a result of central authority and institutionalization. There is a sharp difference between the pre-Urartian and Urartian State periods, which makes it difficult to understand the stages of the state transformation process. This article discusses political and social changes and stages of state formation through the archaeological data, chronologically. The emergence of the first elites in the Eastern Anatolian plateaus goes back to the Middle Bronze Age with the appearance of the kurgan burials, which is mostly observed in Northeastern Anatolia. After a while, another organizational process started in the Van Lake Basin during the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age, which is characterized by the construction of fortresses and cemeteries including bronze and iron weapons. This means the state formation in the region and the establishment of the Urartian State rises from the organizational process of the semi-nomadic tribes dealing with animal husbandry during the Early Iron Age, rather than farmer societies engaged in agriculture. In other words, the state formation in the Eastern Anatolian highlands did not develop from the agricultural model of “village, city and state”. Rather, it is observed in the form of “village, state and city”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Culture & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly is the property of Turkish Cultur & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Tularemia is a rare and often overlooked zoonotic infection. While the ulceroglandular and glandular types are observed most frequently in epidemics originating in Europe, the oropharyngeal type is most common in Türkiye. The most common clinical findings are lymphadenopathy, skin rash, and tonsillitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of tularemia in Tokat, a province located in the Central Black Sea Region of Türkiye. Materials and Methods: The data of patients diagnosed with tularemia at Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine Training and Research Hospital between January 2011 and July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Laboratoryconfirmed cases were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, clinical and laboratory findings, treatments, and post-treatment follow-up of the cases were evaluated. Results: Tularemia was detected in 20 patients. A total of 80% patients lived in a village, 65% were engaged in agriculture as a profession, and 60% in animal husbandry. The most important possible sources of contamination were rodents near the house (40%) and non-chlorinated drinking water (50%). Among 20 cases, 57% were oropharyngeal tularemia, 95% were treated with monotherapy or combinations containing aminoglycosides, and 50% with surgical lymph node drainage. Conclusion: Tularemia is a rare infection in Tokat Province. But it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients living in rural areas who present with fever, sore throat, and cervical lymphadenopathy that is not responsive to beta-lactam agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Institute / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Bingol University / Rectorate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Institute / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Bingol University / Rectorate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The genus vetch (Vicia L.) is grown worldwide for fodder, hay, grain and silage, and rich in protein, mineral substances, vitamins and an essential source of roughage in animal husbandry. However, genetic characterization studies in vetch are minimal. In this study, the genetic characterization of a total 37 accessions of five vetches (Vicia L.) species was investigated using SSR markers. A total of 18 SSR markers were used, and eight of them were showed polymorphism and used for genetic analysis of vetch accessions. The total number of alleles was 35, and the average number of alleles for each locus was determined as 4.38. The average heterozygote rate was found to be 0.49. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value varied between 0.23 and 0.77, and the average value was 0.44. Although almost a clear distinction was observed among the species, very high similarities were found between some cultivars within the same species. This similarity may be due to the narrow structure of the vetch genome or the inability of the SSR markers used in this study to distinguish the narrow structure of the vetch genome. The results reported here will be contributed to future germplasm management efforts and for comparative studies in vetch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asia Minor Studies is the property of Asia Minor Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Turkey, cyst hydatid disease (CHD) or cystic echinococcosis (CE) is publicly known as "dog cyst", a fatal and serious disease not only affects livestock husbandry and human health but also brings about economic loss to our country. According to the data of the Ministry of Health; number of annual cases was 408 in 2008, and this number reached 1,867 by the end of 2019. Cystic echinococcosis is especially taken up during childhood and emerged at an older age. They become exposed to the eggs of the tapeworm after close contact with an infected dog or its contaminated environment. The infected dogs also pass in their feces E. granulosus eggs that adhere to the dogs' hairs, and pass on to the children who are in the course of playful and intimate contact with the infected dogs. This study was to create the awareness of risk factors of CE among 10 different districts of Izmir province. Awareness raising seminars are essential component of this study because local people living in CE endemic areas, are crucial to continue and sustain the long-time effort that is needed to tackle this disease. In each district, 3 awareness raising seminars were held to the target groups: (a) in schools for students, teachers, administrators, (b) for general public, (c) for healthcare professionals. 4090 students attended to the trainings, 242 administrators and teachers who attended to the presentations together with the students, 524 people were attended to the trainings and 327 health workers attended to the trainings from different institutions. This study helped improving this situation by organising educational events for the rural populations for preventing transmission of the disease. This is the first educational intervention study regarding creating awareness on CE in Izmir Province which includes 10 districts between January 2019 to January 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: According to the World Health Organization, approximately 17% of all infectious diseases are vector-borne diseases. Turkey has convinient climate and vegetation conditions for ticks, therefore Turkey is a risky country for diseases transmitted by ticks. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of tick bite and the factors affecting of tick bite in those living in Mahmudiye and Pınarbaşı villages in the rural area of Ezine district of Çanakkale. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2018 in the villages of Mahmudiye and Pınarbaşı of the Ezine district of Çanakkale. Before the study, permissions were obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. The sample size was calculated as 329 people, by the formula of sample size used to estimate the population rate. A total of 420 people were contacted, including 292 from Mahmudiye and 128 from Pinarbasi. The nonprobability sampling method was used to reach the number of samples determined in the villages. The data of the study was obtained by a questionnaire which was applied by face to face interview technique. The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions questioning the demographic characteristics of participants, their knowledge and attitude about tick bite and tick-borne diseases. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors associated with a tick bite. After the data collection phase of the research, education about prevention from tick bites was given to women and men in both villages to prevent tick bites. Results: The prevalence of tick bite was 20%. The risk of tick bite was 3.4 times higher for males than females; 3.0 times higher for the people whom level of education below high school than high school and above; 3.4 times higher for occupations of farming, animal husbandry, agricultural technician, butchery than the other occupations. Conclusion: There are protective measures to prevent tick bite and the basis of preventive health services is health education. It is thought that training to be made for raising awareness about tick bites for individuals who live in rural areas, especially those who are engaged in agriculture and animal hunsbandry will be beneficial. In addition, we recommend screening for health problems that may be caused by tick bite in this rural area where one of five people was bitten by a tick. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry activities carried out in Bartın, which is a district of Zonguldak in the first years of the republic, were examined within the scope of this article. The book "Bartın Guide", published in 1927 and attracted the attention of researchers after a long time, was used as a source book. The information given in the agriculture, livestock and forestry sections of the book constituted the most basic data of the study. However, besides this source book, it has been tried to make use of the books and articles related to the subject as much as possible. Based on this information, it has been tried to analyze the current situation in the fields of agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry in Bartın geography, production quantities, statistical data, animal numbers, tree varieties, timber production of 1920s. Another aim of this research is to examine the situation of agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry sectors in early republican period of Turkey considering the example of Bartın. The Republic of Turkey tried to launch a major development initiative after the National Struggle. In this context, it headed for the fields of agriculture and animal husbandry; because at that time, more than 80% of the country's population lived in the countryside. Agriculture and animal husbandry were among the primary sectors for the country's development. Therefore, scientific studies were carried out in order to spread modern agriculture and animal husbandry methods in the country. Agriculture and animal husbandry, which were abandoned to their fate during the Ottoman period, were tried to be developed with new methods. With the establishment of Atatürk Forest Farm, an institution that would set an example for the whole country was created on how to make modern agriculture. This study aims to assess the early Republican period of Turkey's situation in agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forage crops cultivation area in Turkey is 2.312 million ha in 2020. The rate of forage cultivation in the total agricultural area is 6.1%, and its rate in the field land is 12.3%. Lucerne, silage corn, oat, vetch, and sainfoin are main forage crops in Turkey. The amount of produced is 16.8 million tons of hay and 48.8 thousand tons of seeds. The forage crop cultivation areas have increased by 206% since the beginning of the 2000s due to the government subsidies. However, shortage of quality roughage is still a big problem for animal husbandry of the country. For this reason, new strategies should be developed to increase forage cultivation areas by considering global warming, drought, and climate change. In order to meet the need for roughage, it is necessary to expand the cultivation area of forage crops as winter catch crops and second crops. In addition, some of the fallow fields should be utilized by growing drought-resistant forage species. The fields abandoned due to different problems should be used for the cultivation of suitable forage crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pollarding of oak trees for livestock and animal feeding is a traditional application, and it has been used for centuries from generation to generation in southern and southeastern Turkey. Estimation of the fresh sprout biomass (FSB) potential of pollarded oak forests in high accuracy is important for sustainable forest management. In the present study, 40 trees were sampled from Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) stands that have been irregularly pollarded for animal husbandry in Adıyaman, southeastern Turkey. In order to estimate FSB, a multiple logarithmic linear model was developed with explanatory variables such as tree diameter at breast height (DBH), total tree height (H), mean sprout length (SL), and mean sprout age (SA), which are in a significant relationship with FSB. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to fit this multiple logarithmic linear model and to determine the best independent variable set. As a result of stepwise regression analysis, three models were obtained in which SL, DBH, and SA are independent variables. Model 1 estimates the FSB by taking only SL, Model 2 uses SL and DBH, and Model 3 uses SL, DBH, and SA as independent variables. All models were significant at p = 0.001 level. Model 1 explained the variation in FSB by 65%, Model 2 by 81%, and Model 3 by 86%. Inclusion of DBH in the model (Model 2) decreased the mean absolute error (MAE) of FSB by 26% and the inclusion of SA (Model 3) decreased MAE by 43%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservational agricultural practices need to be implemented for improving agricultural productivity and protecting soils in a changing climate. Intercropping systems indicating multiple cropping within the same space may be used as an alternative production system which involves various plant species. This system reduces mineral N-fertilizer use and also improves soil physical and chemical properties. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of four different intercrops (i- barley+pea, ii- barley+vetch, iii- triticale+pea, and iv- triticale+vetch) in an olive orchard on biomass yield, and some physical and chemical soil properties in a two-year field experiment in South-East Turkey. The biomass yield, soil porosity, bulk density, penetration resistance, aggregate stability, and soil organic matter content have been determined at the end of each harvest. The highest biomass yield was recorded in triticale+pea, while the lowest yield was obtained under barley+vetch treatment. A significant positive relationship was determined between aggregate stability and biomass yield, in contrast significant negative relationship was obtained between penetration resistance and biomass yield. The results of the study clearly showed that intercrops (specifically triticale+pea) can be used to produce additional biomass for animal husbandry and improve soil quality in olive tree plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of migration can be expressed as the relocation of persons or communities from one settlement to another for political, economic and/or social reasons. However, this situation can be in the form of moving from one point within the country to another point (internal migration) and also between the countries (external migration) is taking place. Especially recently there has been a very serious migration phenomenon from the eastern and southeastern geographies of Turkey, especially Syria, to Turkey and to European countries through Turkey. With these migrations, the ethnic, cultural and demographic structures of the regions change temporarily or permanently. In our provinces of Balıkesir and Çanakkale, which are called TR22 Regions (especially in transitions to Europe), this migration phenomenon is very intense. However, the fact that these provinces still share the first ranks among our oldest provinces in terms of median age is the main theme of study. The main topics of study, migration and median age concepts, will be supported by the data on them and are planned to be descriptive in this sense. Furthermore, the causes of median age height in the region will be analyzed to examine whether migration can change this structure. The study confirms that the region is on migration routes, but it is observed that the population of the region is quite old compared to the median age of Turkey. Therefore, that it constitutes a negative situation for investments in the region in terms of economic activities and employment. It is considered that young people who grew up in the region and/or received education migrated to neighboring provinces and metropolises, and that the population that came with external migrations was limited to unqualified labor with contribution to agriculture and animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) is the property of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) is the property of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the contribution of microscopic multi-proxy approaches to the study of early husbandry practices and animal diet by integrated micromorphological, phytolith, and calcitic dung spherulite analyses of midden deposits at the three neighbouring Neolithic sites of Boncuklu (9th–8th millennium cal BC), Pınarbaşı (7th millennium cal BC) and Çatalhöyük (8th–6th millennium cal BC) in the Konya Plain, Central Turkey. The results reveal considerable chronological and contextual variation in human-animal inter-relations in open areas between different communities and sites. At Boncuklu, middens display well-defined areas where phytoliths and substantial accumulations of omnivore faecal matter low in spherulite content have been identified. By contrast, open spaces at the Late Neolithic campsite of Pınarbaşı comprise large concentrations of herbivore dung material associated with neonatal ovicaprine remains from spring birthing. Here, the deposits represent repeated dung-burning events, and include high concentrations of dung spherulites and phytoliths from wild grasses, and leaves and culms of reeds that, we suggest here, derive from fodder and fuel sources. Late middens at Çatalhöyük are characterised by thick sequences derived from multiple fuel burning events and rich in ashes, charred plants, articulated phytoliths – mainly from the husk of cereals, as well as the leaves and stems of reeds and sedges – and omnivore/ruminant coprolites, the abundance of the latter declining markedly in the latest levels of occupation. The application of this integrated microscopic approach to open areas has contributed to unravelling the complexity of formation processes at these sites, providing new insights into herding practices, diet, and the ecological diversity of Neolithic communities in Central Anatolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of sixty-five radiocarbon dates from Ulucak Höyük, including charcoal and short-lived species taken from Level VI-Level III, clearly prove a long history of occupation at the site, from 6850 cal. BC to 5460 cal. BC. Based on this radiocarbon seriation, this article explores the origins of sedentary life its gradual transformation, and abrupt changes at the site. A discussion of the sequence of events is also presented within a regional framework. Ulucak Höyük is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming and animal husbandry in the Aegean. Archaeological materials and radiocarbon dates confirm the existence of initial Neolithic layers, ca. 6850 cal. BC. Radiocarbon dates suggest that occupation between Ulucak VI and V continued without a gap. However, a gradual transformation has been observed starting from Level Vb onwards, which overlapped more or less with the 8.2 ka Climate Event. After a short gap between the Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic, an abrupt change in almost every aspect of material culture occurred around 5600 cal. BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Animal Production / Hayvansal Üretim is the property of Hayvansal Uretim (Journal of Animal Production) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Today, about 21% of the Turkey's population lives engage plant production and animal husbandry; the most crucial aspect of livestock breeding is producing forage crops. Since 2000, growers in Turkey have been subsidized and encouraged to increase both their production and quality of forage crops. However, despite all this support and assistance, desired production levels have not yet been achieved. Therefore, it is equally crucial analyze the effects of factors other than the subsidies provided on forage crops production. This study aims to determine the socio-economic factors that affect sustainable forage crops production. The study was carried out in the province of Kayseri, specifically in 11 villages where both plant production and animal husbandry systems are common. The subjects of the study were selected through the Random Sampling Method and data was collected by surveying 310 forage crops growers. To identify dependency relationships between qualitative variables used mainly based on a statistical chi-square statistic. According to the analysis results, 35.5% of growers found forage crops production sustainable, whereas 64.5% of them thought that it was unsustainable. When both socio-economic variables and the answers to survey questions were taken into account, variables such as grower's age, education level, income level, land for fodder crops, livestock count, recent increase in livestock count, subsidies, and the conditions under which sustainability may be maintained were found to be related to forage crops production sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mutefekkir, Faculty of Islamic Sciences is the property of Aksaray University, Faculty of Islamic Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out with the purpose of determining the general statuses and current production infrastructures of farmers in the province of Van in Turkey who deal with agriculture and animal husbandry and providing recommendations by finding out about the problems that lead to reduction in production. For this purpose, survey forms that were held with trainees who attended training programs at DAP (Eastern Anatolian Project) Farmer Training Center at Van Yuzuncu Yil University were utilized. The vast majority (89.51%) of the participants of these training programs consisted of low-income individuals, and a significant part among these individuals (37.90%) owned agricultural land with areas in the range of 5-20 da. The ratios of those who acquired the coarse feeds and concentrate feeds that were used at their establishment from outside were found respectively as 21.55% and 43.56%. Most participants stated that they grazed their animals in forage land (90.87%) and did not use silage (81.60%). 60.37% of the participants took part in cattle breeding, 28.11% took part in sheep breeding, 53.54% were not involved in any agricultural association, and 58.18% did not receive agriculture-related assistance. The main problem in the establishments was determined as feeds and feeding the animals (25.75%), which were followed by health problems (21.89%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Geography education, the living conditions, distinct characteristics and distribution of animals are given in the Zoogeography area. However, Zoogeography (Animal Geography) courses in some universities in Turkey have yet very recently. The aim of this study is to determine the students' perceptions about Zoogeography course in terms of diversity protection of animals which are being natural heritage element and contribution to their sustainability. The study is a case study in qualitative research design. In order to determine the study group, criterion sampling method which is one of the purposive sampling was used. A 9-item interview form was applied to 92 students who had taken the compulsory Zoogeography course at the 4th grade of Karabuk University Department of Geography. Descriptive analysis was used to interpret the opinions of the students. In the study, it was concluded that the interest and curiosity about animal life can be increased, more value can be given to the animals, animal presence can be adopted as an important element of the Biosphere not only as 'animal husbandry' and economic activity, a positive attitude towards animals can be developed, and awareness can be created on animal generations' protection by teaching Zoogeography. Besides all these, other benefits of teaching Zoogeography in accordance with the student opinions are; the diversity of geographic elements depending on space can be recognized, peculiar geographical concepts and information belonging to the area of Geography which has not been studied much can be learned, the previously learned incorrect concepts and information are possible to correct, it can be developed an understanding towards geographical reasons of the animal distribution in Turkey and around the world. It is thought that all these information about the animal life can help to better know, care about, and protect the animal communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumption is increasing by depending on population growth on the World. Improvement on animal husbandry activities affect the milk and milky products manufacturing. USA, Canada, EU countries and Turkey become the most milk and milky product consumed countries. Some products come forward by the milk product consumption of our country. One of these products is Ezine Cheese. There is more than 90 thousand cattle's and sheep in this district and there is important spot for cheese manufacturing. In this district there's an average of 300 thousand tin cheese produced per year and dairy is one of the most important sector that causing develop of the district economy. Cheese produced of Turkey is 11.4% belong to Ezine in 2017. Ezine Cheese become the geographic mark in 2006, therefore it is earn the trademark and made an important step. Cheese manufacturing is depending on increasing on number of enterprises. Immigration from rural to city effects negatively to farming and dairy farming sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic farming is a technique, which involves cultivation of plants and rearing of animals in natural ways. In other words, organic farming is a farming method that involves growing and nurturing crops without the use of synthetic based fertilizers and pesticides. Organic farming aims to protect the life-sustaining resources and natural life by maintaining the natural balance. Organic production in Turkey started in the 1980s in the Aegean region due to a demand for organic goods in Europe. Since then, organic production and export in Turkey have increased. Turkey, according to the latest (2016) statistics in 523 777 hectares, 67 878 farmer by 2 473 600 tons of organic product is obtained. In 2004, the Organic Agriculture Law in Turkey was put into practice to provide a legal framework for the organization and enhancement of the organic sector. The objective of the law is to lay down principles and procedures for relevant measures to be taken in relation to the production of organic products and inputs so as to provide high quality and safe organic products to consumers. This law is also important as a part of European Union (EU) harmonization. In Turkey, using intensive inputs (especially agricultural chemicals and fertilizer) in the agriculture the balance of the nature gradually is disturbed. Although the unconscious use of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers has led to increase in crop production, it has resulted in products that are of poor quality and threaten human health in Turkey in recent years. Therefore, organic farming is important to optimize the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants, animals and people. Organic farming is supported by government in Turkey. The subsidies for organic food are an important factor in the economic viability of organic farming and play an important role in sustaining the income of farmers. In 2017, organic agriculture support was given to producers for fruits and vegetables as 100 TL/decare and for field crops as 30 TL/ decare. When these ratios were compared with 2013, they have increased by 2 times in fruits and vegetables and increased 3 times in field crops. Despite the supports and efforts to promote organic production, domestic consumption and awareness of organic products remain relatively limited. Organic products are often viewed by consumers as a luxury crop because they are expensive. Agricultural policies have an important role to play in facilitating organic agriculture. Turkey should provide production growth in organic agriculture products and develop effective trade policies by considering both the domestic market and international markets. In addition, the supports given by the state for organic farming should be increased every year and producers that passing to the organic farming should be encouraged. In this research, the current situation and support policies for organic farming were evaluated and solutions were offered regarding these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In socio-economic and historical research of Ottoman State, Tapu-Tahrir Defters, Mühimme Defters and Temettuat Defters have an important place. Among these, Temettuat Defters are one of the most important documents to investigate social and economic structure of even small settlements especially during mid 19th century. This study aims at setting forth the social and economic structure of Izzeddin Village of Turgutlu Town in Saruhan Sanjak of Aydın Province during the mid-19th century making use of the Temettuat Defter dated 1844-1845 and numbered 2762. It is possible to infer from the registries that the villagers earned their livings from farming and animal husbandry in these years. While wheat, barley, vetch were heading agricultural crops, cow and buffalo raising was common. We have found no information on raising sheep and goats in Izzeddin Village during the investigated period. Occupations in the village show parallelism to farming and animal husbandry and agricultural labour; farmhand and workman were the most common jobs. Tithe was in the lead addition to the Private Taxes that the villagers paid. In this study, these taxes will be presented as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an intensive agricultural production performed in Turkey, where 62.3% of total agricultural holdings engage in both crop production and animal husbandry, while 5% of total holdings are engaged with only animal production. According to the statistics of cattle, sheep and poultry enterprises in Turkey, approximately 161 million tons of waste is obtained from these sectors. The animal wastes cause huge problems for enterprises and cannot be reutilized properly. Thus, producing biogas by using these wastes is the best method to reutilize them. According to the research conducted in this area, the amount of biogas supplied from animal wastes is 7.62 Gm3 /year and its energy equivalent value was calculated as 66.3 PJ. In Turkey, 85% of animal wastes are obtained from cattle farming. Considering the size of the cattle enterprises in Turkey, 59.78% of the owners have 1-4 cattle, 21.3% of them have 5-9 cattle, 12.8% have from 10 to 19 cattle, 5.4% have about 20-49 cattle, 0.7% have about 50-149 cattle and 0.1% of farm owners have 149 or more cattle in their farms. In this study, sizes of eligible biogas units for enterprises were calculated as well. The size of the proposed biogas reactor is 7 m³ for the farms based on their current waste potential for 10 cattle, 14 m³ for 20 cattle, 36 m³ for 50 cattle, 108 m³ for 150 cattle and 215 m³ for 300 cattle, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Individuals who make a living through agriculture and animal husbandry are faced with a variety of physical and psychological health risks. In many international studies, it has been shown that these risks can result in disease. The purpose of this study is to summarize the health risks faced by Turkish agricultural workers. Materials and Methods. This study used a nonrandom, convenience sample. The biopsychosocial health statuses of 177 farmers from 11 central villages in Kars, Turkey, were examined. Results. It was determined that the depression rate among the study group was 62.1%, the rate of physical health problems was 52.0%, and the rate of social isolation was 53.7%. There was a statistically significant difference between the depression scale scores and lower education levels, having ≥ three children, and physical health problems, as well as the physical condition of the farmers' homes. There was a significant difference between poor physical health and older age, lower education levels, having ≥ three children, and social isolation. Conclusions. In providing data-based evidence, it is believed that this study will contribute considerably to understanding the causality of health problems in this population and in planning the development of public health and veterinary services based on regional needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First historical findings on camel wrestling, which is now practiced as a festival in Turkey, particularly in certain regions (Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean) date back to the 15th century. In terms of animal husbandry, parasitic diseases may result in negative outcomes ranging from loss of performance to death for camels. In the present study, annual camel wrestling arenas were visited between December and March (2010-2011), and stool samples were collected from camels from different cities for parasitological analysis. Stool samples of 109 camels from 7 different cities (Aydin, Izmir, Manisa, Denizli, Muğla, Balikesir, and Çanakkale) were examined using Baermann-Wetzel stool culture, flotation, and sedimentation techniques for the parasites that live in gastrointestinal tract. The analyses revealed that 74% of the camels (81 of 109) were infected with one or more parasites: Trichostrongylus spp. (47.7%), Ostertagia spp. (27.5%), Dicrocoelium spp. (24.7%), Trichuris spp. (11.9%), Eimeria cameli (11.9%), Capillaria spp. (6.4%), Fasciola spp. (6.4%), Dictyocaulus viviparous (5.5%), Haemonchus spp. (4.5%), Oesophagostomum spp. (4.5%), Cooperia spp. (4.5%), Cooperia oncophora (3.6%), Nematodirus spp. (3.6%), Chabertia ovina (2.7%), Eimeria spp. (1.8%), and Paramphistomum spp. (0.9%). 16 different parasites, at the level of species and genus, were found, of which 14 were helminth (11 nematodes, 3 trematodes), and 2 were protozoans. The present study was the first to report Ostertagia spp., Fasciola spp. Dictyocaulus viviparus, Haemonchus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Cooperia spp., Cooperia oncophora, Chabertia ovina and Paramphistomum spp. in camels in Turkey. As high as 74 percent of the incidence of parasitic diseases and the wide variety of parasites found in the present study suggest that parasitic infections may be overlooked entity in wrestling camels that are meticulously brought up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper summarizes and interprets zooarchaeological evidence for cattle and pig domestication in Neolithic Central Anatolia. Biometric and demographic data indicate that domestic cattle first appear in the region in the late seventh millennium cal BC while domestic pigs are not evident until the mid fifth millennium. This places the origins of cattle and pig husbandry in Central Anatolia considerably later than in neighboring regions. Reasons for this delay in the spread of productive animal husbandry practices are explored. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The diet of six Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus breeding pairs has been studied in E Bulgaria since the sharp decline of livestock husbandry. The feeding range was based on 1694 remains and included mainly mammals (67.5% ± 7.3), birds (15.6% ± 4.9) and reptiles (14.3% ± 5.6). Domesticated mammals comprised 46.7 % ± 10.5 (range 31.8-58.2%) of the total diet, and wild mammals 20.8 % ± 14.7 (range 9.0-44.9%). When livestock numbers decreased in the Strandzha Mountains, the share of livestock carrion and carnivore prey remains dropped in the vultures' diet. Vultures feeding shifted to scale reptiles. The occurrence of wild animals in vulture's diets differed between years, but the importance of domestic animals remained relatively constant (range 53.5-67.2%). Human food remains were the main origin of livestock's bones (up to 87.5%). By contrast, in the open habitats of Mt Sakar and nearby the town of Varna, Egyptian vultures took more frequently carnivores and wild birds, and less ungulates and scale reptiles. An important part of the diet is formed by the small and medium sized wild animals, but overall their utilization was low. Young tortoises were taken alive to only one nest. The changes in the food availability and subsequent changes in diets were not the decisive factor for the extinction of the Egyptian vulture in the Strandzha Mountains and Mt Sakar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An isotopic reconstruction of human dietary patterns and livestock management practices (herding, grazing, foddering, etc.) is presented here from the sites of Düzen Tepe and Sagalassos in southwestern Turkey. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were determined from bone collagen extracted from humans ( n = 49) and animals ( n = 454) from five distinct time periods: Classical-Hellenistic (400-200 BC), Early to Middle Imperial (25 BC-300 AD), Late Imperial (300-450 AD), Early Byzantine (450-600 AD), and Middle Byzantine (800-1200 AD). The humans had protein sources that were based on C3 plants and terrestrial animals. During the Classical-Hellenistic period, all of the domestic animals had δ13C and δ15N signatures that clustered together; evidence that the animals were herded in the same area or kept in enclosures and fed on similar foods. The diachronic analysis of the isotopic trends in the dogs, cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats highlighted subtle but distinct variations in these animals. The δ13C values of the dogs and cattle increased (reflecting C4 plant consumption) during the Imperial and Byzantine periods, but the pigs and the goats displayed little change and a constant C3 plant-based diet. The sheep had a variable δ13C pattern reflecting periods of greater and lesser consumption of C4 plants in the diet. In addition, the δ15N values of the dogs, pigs, cattle, and sheep increase substantially from the Classical-Hellenistic to the Imperial periods reflecting a possible increase in protein consumption, but the goats showed a decrease. Finally, these isotopic results are discussed in the context of zooarcheological, archeobotanical, and trace element evidence. Am J Phys Anthropol 149:157-171, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper explores the changing social and economic roles of livestock within three increasingly complex societies in Chalcolithic central Anatolia. By specifically addressing practices associated with the production, distribution and consumption of livestock, particularly sheep and goats, I show how changes in the use of animals were dynamically linked to the emergence of new sociopolitical environments. These changes, including the development of intensive caprine pastoralism and complex provisioning systems as well as an increased focus on the production of secondary products, strongly suggest that control over animals, particularly sheep, and their products played a central role in the development of increasingly complex and hierarchical social systems in MC Anatolia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The purpose of this study is to compare the recent developments regarding husbandry policies in EU and Turkey in terms of the harmonization process, assess the husbandry policies and make some implications. In Turkey, Agricultural Strategy document between 2006-2010 and Livestock Strategy document aimed at 2013 were published within the context of harmonization with EU and husbandry policies were rearranged within the frame of these documents. Some politics, such as fertilization for animal health, artificial insemination which grounds on increase of meat and milk yield, and calf support that originates from the artificial insemination were executed within the context of these arrangements; however, it was too late to execute the policies aimed at making the obtained products in accordance with the EU quality standards, the production hygiene, reinforcement of the infrastructure of the market in animal production, specialization in production and the food security that have become important in policies applied especially recently in EU. Approaching the policies as a whole and the comparing these policies with those applied in EU are very important in terms of determining the present situation of the livestock sector in Turkey, which is in the process of full membership, arranging the present policies and directing the politics to be performed. In that context, this study was conducted by examining numerous studies previously conducted related to the subject revealing the present situation of husbandry policies and compiling the studies regarding the future executions of these policies. According to the study results, in order to constitute a profitable and specialized livestock sector in Turkey, it is required that policies applied in husbandry increase the yield in products and enable the quality product standard. Existing trends show that the structural improvements have been not as rapid as expected in the livestock sector. In this case, husbandry policies should have such a structure to accelerate the improvements in the sector. It is thought that in order to make the sector more competitive in foreign trade and especially EU market, it is inevitable to constitute and execute common and efficient policies, which would transform the sector, with a strong and determined will. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important people of the Bronze Age, the Hittites had felt their cultural and political impacts in Anatolia and the Near East for nearly 700 years. Hittite society, important part of their economy depend on agriculture and animal husbandry such as Egypt and Mesopotpmia's peers, is similar both contemporaries and the other communities that existed in the region within the leter periods. Hittite society's some agricultural practices applied by many people that both contemporary and successor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims at setting forth the social and economic structure of Başmakçı village near the town of Dazkırı in the sanjak of Kütahya connected to the province of Hüdavendigar, in the mid of XIXth century making use of the "temettuat registers" of Başmakçı and of Aşağı Quarter numbered 7697 and 7702. Although it is possible to categorize the income of the inhabitants of Başmakçı as agriculture, animal husbandry, professions etc., in fact the villagers mainly lived on agriculture and animal husbandry. The families in Başmakçı paid two kinds of taxes: speacial tax and tithe. This study will primarily try to put forward the professions of the villagers and their activities of agriculture and animal husbandry, and then will focus on their income, as well as the taxes they had paid and tax loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]