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This study aims to investigate the Turkish EFL learners' willingness to communicate, tolerance of ambiguity, and parental encouragement levels. Moreover, the study also explored the influencing factors on the learners' willingness to communicate and tolerance to ambiguity. A mixed-methods research design was applied in the study with the participation of 151 preparatory school students. The results pointed out that those Turkish EFL learners possessed a willingness to communicate, a tolerance of ambiguity, and high parental encouragement levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between listening metacognitive awareness and listening anxiety with relation to the ambiguity tolerance in foreign language teaching. Participants included 374 participants studying at the School of Foreign Languages from three different universities in Turkey. With sequential explanatory research design, the data were collected through three scales: metacognitive awareness listening questionnaire, foreign language listening anxiety and second language tolerance of ambiguity and semi-structured interviews with 16 students. Results showed that there was (1) a significant negative correlation between ambiguity tolerance and listening anxiety, (2) a significant negative correlation between ambiguity tolerance and metacognitive awareness, (3) no significant correlation between metacognitive awareness and listening anxiety, (4) the moderator effect of ambiguity tolerance in the relationship between listening metacognitive awareness and listening anxiety in the Turkish EFL context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The religious openness hypothesis, which states that religious traditions have the potential to integrate faith with intellect, is examined in this study within a migration context for the first time. Based on two lines of research, our central question is whether the sociological context or the Islamic tradition per se explains the (in)compatibility of faith and intellect orientation and their relation to psychological openness. Religious openness, psychological openness (ambiguity tolerance and acculturation strategies) and religiosity were measured among Muslims with a Turkish migration background in Germany. Our findings show a non-significant relationship between faith and intellect orientation and we therefore propose that the secular context is the crucial explaining factor. Religious reflection also moderates the link between different forms of religiosity and ambiguity tolerance. Finally, heterogeneous religious rationalities were uncovered that challenge the negative view of Muslims as fanatic, closed-minded people which prevails among the German majority society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]