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Thailand is now faced with a double burden of malnutrition. Using nationally representative data from the 2015-2016 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, we utilized multinomial logistic regression models to examine factors associated with stunting only, wasting only, overweight only, concurrent stunting and overweight, and concurrent stunting and wasting among children 0-59 months of age (n = 11,068). The prevalences of <5 stunting only (height-for-age Z score < -2 SD) and wasting only (WHZ < -2 SD) were 8.5% and 4.7%, respectively. The prevalence of <5 overweight only (WHZ > +2 SD) was 7.8%. Children 12-23 months (risk ratio [RR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47 [1.18, 1.83]; p < .01) and 24-35 months (RR, 95% CI: 1.56 [1.26, 1.94]; p < .001) were at increased risk for stunting only, compared with children 48-59 months. The strongest risk factor for stunting only was low birth weight (RR, 95% CI: 3.42 [2.86, 4.10]; p < .001). Children 0-5 months were at highest risk for wasting only, compared with children 48-59 months (RR, 95% CI: 2.91 [2.16, 3.92]; p < .001). Children 48-59 months and male children were more likely to be overweight only. Higher household wealth and smaller household size were also significant predictors of overweight only. A small proportion of children were concurrently stunted and overweight (1.3%) and concurrently stunted and wasted (0.6%). A multipronged approach focused on adequate prenatal care, improving breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, and mitigating the growing burden of overweight is needed to address the double burden of malnutrition in Thailand., (© 2020 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

The spreading of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, especially those co-harboring plasmid-mediated cephalosporin (bla) and colistin (mcr) resistance genes, is becoming increasingly problematic. As a vector, flies carry antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) into human and livestock habitats. To investigate ARB in flies, we collected 235 flies from 27 sites (18 urban areas, five pig farms and four chicken farms) in Thailand during 2013-2015. Cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CtxRE) and bla-positive CtxRE were isolated from 70 (29.8%) and 48 (20.4%) flies, respectively. In 93 bla-positive CtxRE isolates that included Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae from 48 flies, the most frequent bla gene was TEM (n = 62), followed by CTX-M-55 (n = 31), CTX-M-14 (n = 26), CMY-2 (n = 24) and SHV (n = 10), and 58 isolates harbored multiple types of these genes. In addition, we detected the mcr-1 (n = 1) and mcr-3 (n = 19) genes in bla-positive CtxRE isolates from 16 flies. In conjugation experiments, 10 mcr-3- and bla-positive isolates exhibited co-transfer of mcr-3 and blaTEM-1 genes. These results suggest that a relatively high proportion of flies in Thailand carries cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae harboring co-transmissible cephalosporin and colistin resistance genes., (© FEMS 2018.)