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This study examines the Granger causality relationship between gross domestic product (GDP), exports, energy consumption (EC) and CO2 emissions in Thailand for the period of 1965 to 2010. The results show six bidirectional causality relationships between GDP and exports, GDP and EC, GDP and CO2 emissions, exports and EC, exports and CO2 emissions, as well as EC and CO2 emissions. The finding of this research has powerful policy implication for Thailand. The policy makers are under pressure from the environmental representatives to reduce CO2 emissions although the state still faces enormous challenge to improve its economy. Therefore, GDP, exports and CO2 emissions are associated with EC. Also, energy consumption, exports or GDP will cause to CO2 emissions then policy makers in Thailand encounter a main dilemma as the environmental degradation through CO2 emissions would worsen the life in the long-run. The policy makers should pay higher attention to invest energy infrastructure, encourage using less polluting or renewable energy sources, educate public awareness, upgrade energy efficiency, or offer tax credit to meet the increasing energy demands but can promote economic growth and exports at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]