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This paper presents the case study of the collapsed riverbank protection structure along the Pasak river in Saraburi province, Thailand. The site investigation and finite element analysis using PLAXIS 2D results show that the failure occurred in sliding mode due to the natural forces. During the rainy season, water flow from the farmlands to the river by crossing the backfill of the retaining wall. Hence, seepage force was developed in the direction of the flow and induced the stability of the riverbank protection. Furthermore, the rivers and streams continuously scour the banks and undermined the natural slope, which caused the soil erosion in passive zone and resulted in instability. Based on these causes of failure, a new reinforced retaining wall structure using bored pile, geocomposite, and riprap at the front of retaining wall to protect the circular failure mechanism, seepage forces, as well as soil erosion and sedimentation, respectively was designed. The finite element verification on the new retaining wall structure showed that this structure had a sufficient factor of safety against the external and internal slope failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]