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This article studies educational opportunities for boys and girls in Thailand. Individuals' levels of educational attainment tend to rise as a result of changes in state policies, community contexts, and family dynamics. Differences between boys' and girls' educational attainments are one of the most common expressions of this inequality as boys are more often favored for continued schooling than are girls. Differences in boys' and girls' educational attainment are understood to have important influences upon the extent and pace of social and behavioral change associated with development. Previous research on gender stratification in educational attainment shows persistent male advantages in some countries, shrinking sex differentials in others, and growing female advantages in still other countries. The empirical evidence for these patterns yields complex interpretations and explanations that point to the simultaneous importance of family dynamics, labor markets, rates of economic growth or contraction, and social context.