Search

Key Takeaways: Water service providers need to prepare for more extreme weather events in a changing climate. A geospatial analysis found that differences in boil‐water advisory lengths issued during 2021's Winter Storm Uri were based on the population served and rural or urban location. A cross‐sectional survey showed that many individuals were unaware of or confused about the advisories that were (or were not) issued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: An increasing number of schools and districts across the US are requiring teachers to collaborate for the purpose of data-driven decision making. Research suggests that both data use and teacher collaboration are important ingredients in the school improvement process. Existing studies also reveal the complexities of teacher collaboration and the importance of context in shaping teachers' collaborative work, especially with data. Yet, the intersection of teacher collaboration and data use has been understudied. The purpose of this paper is to examine the affordances and constraints that exist in the context of established teacher collaboration time for the purposes of data-driven decision making. Design/methodology/approach: The paper draws upon qualitative case study data gathered in six schools that structured teacher time for collaboration on data use. Findings: An analysis of the data revealed that a variety of leadership activities and organizational conditions shaped teachers' collaborative work with data. These included leadership focused on thoughtful use of data and the framing of data-driven decision making in terms of collective responsibility; the establishment of norms for teacher collaboration; the implementation of data discussion protocols; and teacher groupings and subject matter subcultures. Originality/value: Knowing how and when a leadership activity or organizational condition becomes either an affordance or a constraint to teacher collaboration around data use has important implications for leadership and educational change. The findings of this study also help to lay the groundwork for future research regarding teacher collaboration around data use. (Contains 1 table.)

As far as the authors are aware, there is no published information that assesses the beliefs of students regarding global health issues. The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to assess students' baseline knowledge and beliefs regarding issues in global health and second, to evaluate the effectiveness of a new global health course by comparing "pre" and "post" surveys. A specific objective was to explore the factors that positively or negatively influence global knowledge and beliefs related to health. Using factor analysis, student beliefs coalesced into two belief foci: safety/comfort and responsibility/connectedness. Knowledge significantly increased across the board, whereas belief change was more localized. It is hoped that the findings from this study will help educators, particularly in health-related fields, to better understand the many challenges involved in providing effective global education in the college setting. (Contains 8 tables.)

With the heightened emphasis of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 on inclusion in the general curriculum and meeting the associated standards, assistive technology (AT) has become a necessary consideration to ensure a free appropriate public education and to promote education in the least restrictive environment for students with disabilities. An analysis of 10 states revealed that most of the states provided a combination of information that related specifically to AT and information that related generally to the individualized education program (IEP). Recommended practice in AT supports the development of clear guidelines related to AT in the IEP to promote consistency and improved AT decisions. However, this can occur at the local level. Despite differences in how AT was addressed, the 10 states offered examples of quality AT policies that can directly impact directors of special education, IEP teams, AT teams, teachers, service providers, and, ultimately, students with disabilities. The summary includes 12 frequently overlooked topics that all states and districts should include to strengthen their AT policies. (Contains 4 tables.)

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dolphins are often individually identified by unique naturally-acquired markings. Identification becomes difficult when markings heal, or new scars appear. As salt accelerates wound healing in many organisms, the diminishment of scars on common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) residing in varying natural salinities was determined. South Texas contains the only hypersaline lagoon in the USA, located adjacent to hyposaline waters, with genetically distinct populations of dolphins in the two environments. Photographs of dolphin dorsal fins were collected, and scar stability over time was determined and compared by measuring changes in the relative lengths and surfaces of scars. All scars on dolphins in the hypersaline lagoon completely diminished between three to six years, while scars on dolphins in the hyposaline bay ranged in the amount of fading between three to six years. Data from this case study indicate that high salinity may increase the healing speed of wounds on common bottlenose dolphins compared to low salinity, although a larger sample size is needed for robust statistical comparison. Scar diminishment is an important consideration in determining the temporal reliability of photo identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are multiple accessibility challenges to abortion care in the United States. Most abortion research relies on clinic data, whereas we utilized data from an abortion fund on the U.S.–Mexico border. The majority of the sample were Latinx (62.2%), were 20–29 years old (59.7%), were in the first trimester (65.4%), and traveled hundreds of miles to an abortion clinic. Younger age, being in the third trimester, not having insurance, and having some resources were associated with likelihood of receiving aid for an abortion procedure. There is still a great need for abortion funding and access, particularly for young, economically disadvantaged people of color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prior research has shown that a small proportion of U.S. women attempt to self-manage their abortion. The objective of this study is to describe Texas women's motivations for and experiences with attempts to self-manage an abortion. The objective of this study is to describe Texas women's motivations for and experiences with attempts to self-manage an abortion.Methods: We report results from two data sources: two waves of surveys with women seeking abortion services at Texas facilities in 2012 and 2014 and qualitative interviews with women who reported attempting to self-manage their abortion while living in Texas at some time between 2009 and 2014. We report the prevalence of attempted self-managed abortion for the current pregnancy among survey respondents, and describe interview participants' decision-making and experiences with abortion self-management.Results: 6.9% (95% CI 5.2-9.0%) of abortion clients (n = 721) reported they had tried to end their current pregnancy on their own before coming to the clinic for an abortion. Interview participants (n = 18) described multiple reasons for their decision to attempt to self-manage abortion. No single reason was enough for any participant to consider self-managing their abortion; however, poverty intersected with and layered upon other obstacles to leave them feeling they had no other option. Ten interview participants reported having a complete abortion after taking medications, most of which was identified as misoprostol. None of the six women who used home remedies alone reported having a successful abortion; many described using these methods for several days or weeks which ultimately did not work, resulting in delays for some, greater distress, and higher costs.Conclusion: These findings point to a need to ensure that women who may consider self-managed abortion have accurate information about effective methods, what to expect in the process, and where to go for questions and follow-up care. There is increasing evidence that given accurate information and access to clinical consultation, self-managed abortion is as safe as clinic-based abortion care and that many women find it acceptable, while others may prefer to use clinic-based abortion care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cave colonization offers a natural laboratory to study an extreme environmental shift, and diverse cave species from around the world often have converged on robust morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. The Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus) has repeatedly colonized caves in the Sierra de El Abra and Sierra de Guatemala regions of north-east Mexico ~0.20–1 Mya, indicating an ability to adapt to the cave environment. The time frame for the evolution of these traits in any cave animal, however, is poorly understood. Astyanax mexicanus from the Río Grande in South Texas were brought to Central Texas beginning in the early 1900s and colonized underground environments. Here, we investigate whether phenotypic and behavioural differences have occurred rapidly between a surface population and a geographically proximate cave population, probably of recent origin. Fish from the cave and surface populations differ significantly in morphological traits, including coloration, lateral line expansion and dorsal fin placement. Striking behavioural shifts in aggression, feeding and wall-following have also occurred. Together, our results suggest that morphological and behavioural changes accompanying cave colonization can be established rapidly, and this system offers an exciting and unique opportunity for isolating the genetic and environmental contributions to colonization of extreme environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of unintentional injury deaths for children in the United States. Child safety seats are effective in reducing the rate and severity of injury for children. Families seen in an emergency department (ED) outside of injury prevention (IP) operational hours may not have the same opportunity to obtain a child safety seat due to the unavailability of IP resources. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a resource guide that assists the ED staff to screen and provide the appropriate child safety seat. Two retrospective cohort analyses were conducted to assess the following: (1) patients seen in the ED who were eligible to be screened through the resource guide; and (2) patients who were screened and received a restraint system through the resource guide. Records for both cohorts were reviewed from May 1, 2015, to February 29, 2016. Descriptive statistics were used to describe each cohort. In Cohort 1, 10.6% of the 113 patients meeting criteria were screened for a restraint system. In Cohort 2, 20 patients received a restraint system through the resource guide and 90% of these received the appropriate restraint system for their age and weight. Our results demonstrate the need for an algorithm to increase consistency of the resource guide's utilization. Algorithm development to identify screening candidates, further refinement of the guide's restraint identification process, and staff training may improve this tool to ensure that all patients, despite the availability of IP staff, are screened for the appropriate child safety seat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil disturbances that accompany energy development can damage local habitats. Prior to oil and gas extraction, it is commonly recommended that topsoil stockpiles be created to aid future restoration. Our study area, a retired fracking pond in the western Rio Grande Plains, Texas, was restored in 2017 with stockpiled topsoil that was collected in 2013. We segregated the existing stockpile into three layers that were ∼1.5 m in thickness and distributed these layers, along with a non-amended control surface (consisting of former subsoil that made up the perimeter of the fracking pond), in strips over the restoration area. Each of the four surfaces was seeded with a mixture of (1) 13 native grasses, (2) 13 native grasses plus an annual warm-season grass cover crop, or (3) non-seeded. We monitored plant density and species composition two through five years post-restoration. The non-amended control surface had higher seeded grass density during the final 2 sampling periods; stockpiled surfaces seldom differed from each other. Previous year's competing plant density had little effect on restoration success. Providing supplemental seed initially increased seeded plant density but benefits diminished over time; adding a cover crop was not advantageous. Changes in community composition over time were similar on stockpile surfaces but more variable than observed on the control surface. Results suggest that stockpiling topsoil may not be necessary, but that supplemental seeding was beneficial, to restoration success. • Energy extraction affects ecosystems by disturbing topsoils and plant communities • We monitored vegetation on a retired fracking pond in years 2–5 post-restoration • Stockpiling topsoils for future restoration may not enhance restoration success • Seeding locally-adapted native grasses promotes restoration success [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To evaluate the additional burdens experienced by Texas abortion patients whose nearest in-state clinic was one of more than half of facilities providing abortion that had closed after the introduction of House Bill 2 in 2013. Methods. In mid-2014, we surveyed Texas-resident women seeking abortions in 10 Texas facilities (n = 398), including both Planned Parenthood-affiliated clinics and independent providers that performed more than 1500 abortions in 2013 and provided procedures up to a gestational age of at least 14 weeks from last menstrual period. We compared indicators of burden for women whose nearest clinic in 2013 closed and those whose nearest clinic remained open. Results. For women whose nearest clinic closed (38%), the mean one-way distance traveled was 85 miles, compared with 22 miles for women whose nearest clinic remained open (P ⩽ .001). After adjustment, more women whose nearest clinic closed traveled more than 50 miles (44% vs 10%), had out-of-pocket expenses greater than $100 (32% vs 20%), had a frustrated demand for medication abortion (37% vs 22%), and reported that it was somewhat or very hard to get to the clinic (36% vs 18%; P < .05). Conclusions. Clinic closures after House Bill 2 resulted in significant burdens for women able to obtain care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Date Presented 04/01/2022 During the 2019–2020 school year, school-based therapists working in the school setting quickly migrated to online and hybrid service delivery as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes continued throughout the 2020–2021 school year. The purpose of this research is to describe how OTs, physical therapists (PTs), and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) developed and addressed goals for students who received therapy services via online or hybrid schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was recently presented at ASHA and APTA, 2021. Primary Author and Speaker: Sonja Burmeister Contributing Authors: Kimberly D. Wynarczuk, Rebecca Bawayan, Eric Sanders, Brianna Milstrey [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Adolescent obesity is now of critical concern for Texas, as the statewide prevalence is higher than the National prevalence. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association of perceptions of dietary practices, eating habits, weight-loss behaviors and over- weight/obesity among adolescents in three Health Service Regions (HSR5) in Texas. Methods: Our study utilized data from eighth and eleventh grade adolescents (n=3,837) who participated in the 2004-2005 School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) study. Weighted multinomial logistic regression evaluated the association of eating habits, perceptions of dietary practices, and weight-loss behaviors on adolescents' weight status (overweight or obese compared with normal/under-weight), by demographic-specific subpopulations and adjusting for race/ethnicity, gender, grade and/or HSR. Results: Approximately one third of adolescents were overweight (17.2%) or obese (17.1%). Associated factors for obesity among Texas adolescents included: (a) not meeting recommendations for dairy consumption (in African American adolescents as compared with Hispanics and White/other); and (b) perceiving eating habits as "less healthy than peers" (among Hispanic and White/other adolescents as compared with African American adolescents). Conclusions: Interesting differences arise across race/ethnicity categories and regions when evaluating the influence of perceived eating habits relative to peers on weight status. These findings highlight the importance of considering the socio-cultural context of health outcomes and health-related behaviors among adolescents. We propose that health educators should: (a) approach eating habits and nutrition education with cultural competency; and (b) continue to encourage adolescents to meet the recommendations for dairy consumption daily. Moreover, policymakers should consider the influence of perceived social norms on eating habits and weight status among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated effects of a prescribed burn on the small mammal community and vegetative cover in a tallgrass prairie remnant in east central Texas. Small mammals were live-trapped 8 mo before and 8 mo after a prescribed burn. Vegetation sampling confirmed drastic reduction of cover after fire in the grassland sections of the prairie. Relative abundances (captures/100 trapnights) of pygmy mice (Baiomys taylori) and cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) significantly decreased after the fire, whereas deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) significantly increased following fire. Cotton rat and pygmy mouse abundances were positively correlated with grassy litter and negatively correlated with bare ground, whereas deer mouse abundance was positively correlated with bare ground. Relative abundances of B. taylori, S. hispidus and P. maniculatus in burned sections returned to preburn levels in 8 mo. Hispid pocket mice (Chaetodipus hispidus) were not captured until after the prescribed burn. This is the first report of fire effects on this assemblage of Neotropical and Nearctic rodent species in the tallgrass blackland prairie ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rio Grande is the natural boundary between the United States and Mexico from El Paso, Texas, to Brownsville, Texas. It supports about 12 million people on both sides of the border for municipal, agricultural, industrial, and recreational uses. The rapid population and economic growth along the border region has led to increased pollution in the Rio Grande, which has been linked to several border health issues associated with pesticide contamination. This project was initiated to assess the organochlorine pesticide levels in the water and sediments in Manadas Creek, an urban tributary of the Rio Grande located in north Laredo, Texas. Water and sediment samples were collected monthly during a 6-month period from July to December of 2006 and analyzed using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector after extraction via a solid-phase microextraction technique. Among the water and sediment samples collected, several organochlorine pesticides including α-, β-, and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor epoxide, endrin, and 4,4′-DDT were found in either the creek water or sediments. Analysis of variance results indicated that only γ-HCH had significant variation in the creek water among the sampling periods. Comparison of results with previous findings showed the presence of higher levels of HCH isomers and much lower DDT concentrations in the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A virus-like disease characterized by foliar yellow blotch symptoms and resembling those described for cilantro yellow blotch disease in California was observed in a 4.05-ha cilantro ( Coriandrum sativum ) cv. Santo field in Hidalgo County, Texas during spring 2019. Disease incidence at harvest was estimated at ∼20%, and the affected plants were rendered unmarketable. Foliar systemic chlorosis symptoms were observed on sap-inoculated Nicotiana occidentalis plants ( n = 3) using inocula from symptomatic cilantro. Total RNA aliquots from 11 randomly collected leaf tissue samples (symptomatic = 7, asymptomatic = 4) were pooled into a composite cilantro RNA sample which was analyzed by high throughput sequencing (HTS). Analyses of the obtained 15.7 million raw reads (76 nt each) yielded virus-specific contigs that mapped to the genomes of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), beet pseudoyellows virus (BPYV), and lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV). Virus-specific primers designed from the HTS-derived sequences were used to screen the samples in two-step RT-PCR assays, resulting in the detection of AMV+BPYV in 3 of 7 symptomatic cilantro samples, AMV+LCV in 4 of 7 symptomatic cilantro samples, and AMV alone in the 4 asymptomatic cilantro and sap-inoculated N. occidentalis samples. The results represent the first reports of the natural infection of cilantro by BPYV and LCV and implicate the mixed infection of a Crinivirus and AMV in cilantro yellow blotch disease.

We reviewed 62 new cases and 18 published reports of Dracunculus infections in domestic dogs and cats to describe the epidemiology of this parasite in dogs and cats in North America. We collected host and parasite data when available, including age, sex, and breed of dog, nematode location in the host, and any clinical signs at presentation and/or description of the apparent lesion. For dogs, infections were noted in six of the AKC breed groups, but none was reported from the toy group or the miscellaneous breed class. Age of infected dogs ranged from 7 months to 19 years (median 4 years; average 5.3 years), and infection rates were similar in male and female dogs. Most nematodes were associated with the distal extremities, but worms were also found in the chest/thorax, abdomen, head, and flank. Although most infected dogs had a single worm, three dogs had two or more worms that were collected from multiple lesions. Three new cat cases, with similar lesions, presentations and seasonality, were detected in Alabama, North Carolina and Texas. Cases were reported from a wide geographic range throughout eastern North America, during every month of the year, but 72% of infections were diagnosed in the late winter to early spring (December to May). All collected worms were larvigerous females which cannot be identified to species based on morphologic characters. Thus, we attempted to amplify and sequence a portion of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for specific identification. Although 13 worms from 12 cases were available, sequences were obtained for only eight worms from seven cases. These eight worms were D. insignis, a common parasite of raccoons (Procyon lotor) and other primarily carnivorous mammals. Female worms are the most likely to be detected in dogs and cats because male worms do not emerge, parasites should be preserved in ethanol for molecular identification. Although this study used convenience sampling of available data, we found that the parasite is widespread throughout the eastern US and Canada and that Dracunculus infections in dogs are more common than is revealed in published literature. However, more research is needed to understand the epidemiology, including transmission route(s), prevalence, and distribution of this parasite., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In January 2014, members of the Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA)-Lackland, Texas, preventive medicine and public health teams evaluated a U.S. Air Force basic training squadron for potential exposure in sleeping bays to rabies virus carried by Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis). Exposure to bats while asleep or otherwise unaware is an important risk factor for rabies in the United States. Over the past several decades, most indigenous human rabies infections in the United States have resulted from the bite of an infected bat, and the bite was not reported in more than half of the cases. Mexican free-tailed bats in Texas often carry rabies virus. Among 8,904 bats tested during 2001-2010, a total of 1,558 (18%) tested positive for rabies. To assess the risk to the Air Force trainees and identify those for whom rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) might be indicated, Lackland preventive medicine and public health teams interviewed 922 persons (866 trainees and 56 instructors) and determined that PEP, consisting of human rabies immune globulin and the 4-dose vaccination series given over 14 days, was indicated for 200 persons (22%). This report describes the public health response to a mass indoor exposure to bats, including group-based rabies risk stratification, adverse reactions to PEP, and infestation remediation. These interventions can be considered for future mass exposures to bats.