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We have investigated the impact of rainfall and temperature on nitrate and electrical conductivity (EC) in groundwater of the seven taluks of Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu, India using statistical framework. Total 34 years long-term data of period 1985–2018 of nitrate and EC was used for the analysis in order to identify impact of climate parameters over agrichemicals loading in groundwater. It was found that pattern of climatic parameters are also act as co-factors for loading of agrichemicals concentration in groundwater. Result show an increase of average temperature and rainfall and it does not show a direct effect on nitrate contamination in groundwater. Further, two taluk, namely Chengalpattu and Tirukalukundram have an increasing trend of nitrate loading in groundwater during non-monsoon and monsoon season due to change in land use and anthropogenic acts. The EC show rising trend for Maduranthakam and Sriperumbudur during non-monsoon season and Chengalpattu, Maduranthakam, Sriperumbudur and Tirukalukundram during monsoon season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molluscs are highly delicious seafood and they are also very good source for biomedically imported products. Gastropod crude extract was tested for inhibition of bacterial growth against human pathogenic bacteria. Pila virens was screened against five human pathogenic bacteria strains for antibacterial activities. Five species of pathogenic bacteria namely Klepsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis. Control discs were with water and solvents to assess the effect of water and solvents on pathogens. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h the antimicrobial activity was measured accordingly based on the inhibition zone around the disc impregnated with gastropod extract. Ethanol extract of Pila virens was found active against five species of pathogens. The inhibition zone ranged from 9 mm to 11 mm. The maximum inhibition zone was 11 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis. The minimum zone was 9mm in Salmonella typhi and 10mm in Klepsiella pneumoniae. Water extract of Pila virens zone ranged from 9mm to 10mm. The maximum inhibition zone was 10mm in Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and the minimum inhibition zone was 9mm in Klepsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi. Commercial antibiotics are highly effective to kill the bacterial and fungal pathogens involved in common infection. Water, ethanol extracts of gastropods used in the present study showed significant antibacterial activity compare with other solvents extraction. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds signals at different ranges. It is worthy to note that the product from natural source is good for health and to avoid side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]