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Seaweed, or macroalgae, is a diverse group of marine plants found in various aquatic environments. Seaweed has gained attention due to its potential uses in various industries, including food, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, etc. Its proximate composition refers to the essential nutritional components that make up seaweed. The present study aimed to conduct proximate composition analysis on three different seaweeds, Valonia utricularis, Ulva reticulata and Kappaphycus alvarezii, collected from the Mandapam region coast, Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu, India. A result of three seaweeds Valonia utricularis, Ulva reticulata and Kappaphycus alvarezii was followed ash (23.42% DW), (22.19%) and (19.7%DW). Protein was (11.5% DW), (10.11%) and (15.91%DW); lipid content was (4.24% DW), (5.27%) and (2.75%DW); crude fibre was (12.72% DW), (16.20%) and (23.51%DW); carbohydrate (31.33% DW), (27.05%) and (26.19 %DW), Total Dietary Fiber was (2.7% DW), (3.03%) and (6.76% DW). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laccases are vital players in the degradation of lignin, a complex polymer found in plant cell walls. They play a vital role in the ligninolytic activity of white-rot fungi, known for breaking down lignin the present study aimed to isolate a marine fungus with promising laccase-producing potential from the sediment. The present study collected sediment samples from mangrove sediment, Parangipettai area of Tamil Nadu, India. They were used to screen and isolate a promising marine fungus for laccase production. A total of 11 fungi were isolated. Among them, the isolate MSJM 06 showed the highest laccase activity (2.8 cm), The most potential strain, A. fumigatus was identified through LPCB, SEM and Molecular identification using ITS rRNA Sequencing and it was further selected for optimization and laccase production. Potential strains of MJMS-06 required 88 hours of incubation, 80 rpm agitation, pH 8, Temperature 37°C, 1.8% salinity, 1.5% starch as the carbon source was maltose and 0.7% peptone as the nitrogen source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to conduct proximate composition analysis on seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium collected from the Mandapam region coast, Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu, India. A result of seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium was followed. Moisture content was present (13.7% DW), ash (20.38% DW), protein (18.67% DW), lipid content (3.95% DW), crude fiber (18.05% DW), carbohydrate (36.33% DW), and total dietary fiber (3.92% DW). The composition of monosaccharides present is fucose (24.04) %, mannose (0.51%), galactose (0.69%), Xylose 0.92% and rhamnose (0.47%. Total carotenoids: 47.13 µg/ 100 g DW; chlorophyll-A: 157.19 µg/100 g DW; chlorophyll-B: 120.14 µg/100 g DW; Iodine 248.72 µg/100 g DW. Phytochemical analysis of steriods, phenols, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides shows that all components are present. Mineral contents are Na (8592.62 Mg/100g DW), K (1849.17 Mg/100g DW), Mg (227.64 Mg/100g DW), Ca (1085.71 Mg/ 100g DW), Fe (307.41 Mg/100g DW), Se (5.1 Mg/100g DW), Mn (4.68 Mg/100g DW), P (19192 Mg/100g DW), Na/K ratio (4.97 Mg/100g DW), and total cation (34707.09 Mg/100g DW) observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, fungal strains were isolated from the sediment samples collected from the Uppanar estuary, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu and evaluated their potential for antifungal activity against a panel of plant fungal pathogens. Isolates were screened qualitatively for their antifungal activity and from the results, the HK-05 strain was selected for further study. The potential strain was identified as Aspergillus sp. using morphological observation under the microscope. Antimicrobial activity screening showed that the isolate Aspergillus sp. HK-05 was inhibitory to the different plant fungal pathogens tested, such as Sclerotium rolfsii (21 mm), Macrophomina phaseolina (28 mm), Phytophthora infestans (24 mm), Fusarium oxysporum (18 mm) and Colletotrichum musae (25 mm). The results suggested that Aspergillus sp. could combat diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungal strains. Furthermore, an in-depth study is underway on bio-guided extraction and identification of active molecules, which would identify individual components and lead to the isolation of the active molecule in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]