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Introduction: In developing countries, cervical cancer is the leading cause of death amongst women. Since women spend one third of their lives in the postmenopausal period, which is most neglected phase, needs a technically simple, non invasive and, cost-effective screening tool for cervical cancer detection and the exact answer is the Pap smear screening test. This simple screening test when performed at regular intervals in post menopausal population, can detect precursor lesions there by reducing cervical cancer morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate the cytomorphological variations in Pap smears amongst postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 138 satisfactory smears were considered for study amongst 146 postmenopausal women from August 2020 to July 2022 at Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital and then evaluated and categorised based on Bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology 2014. {Reporting elements include specimen type, specimen adequacy, general categorisation, interpretation/result includes general categories of negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy (NILM), epithelial cell abnormalities and other malignancies. Results: Out of 138 satisfactory cases, 78.26% (108 cases) 14.5% (20 cases) and 7.24% (10 cases) were diagnosed as of inflammatory/benign conditions, epithelial abnormalities and normal cytology respectively. The mean age for inflammatory/benign lesions was 57.5 years and majority presenting with postmenopausal bleeding and white discharge. Amongst epithelial abnormalities Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) and Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSIL) were commonest. The incidence of ASCUS 7.27% (10 cases), and incidence of LSIL 2.89% (4 cases). The mean age was 57.5 years and majority of patients presented with postmenopausal bleeding and mass per vaginum. Incidence of High grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) was 2.17% (3cases), the mean age was 65.5 years and presented with white discharge and postmenopausal bleeding. Incidence of SCC was 2.17% (3 cases) and the mean age was 70.5 years, presented with, postmenopausal bleeding and white discharge. Conclusion: Pap smear is a simple, cheap, safe and gold standard diagnostic tool for screening postmenopausal women for all cervical abnormalities in particular pre-invasive and invasive lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to identify the awareness on digitisation trends and techniques among the library professionals in and around Chennai. The empirical data were collected, through questionnaire method among 540 LIS professionals working in 348 institutions of different domains such as Medical, Engineering, Arts & Science and Polytechnic. Out of which 432 (80.0%) questionnaires were responded. Out of 432 (80.00%) responded, 62.5% are male; 37.5% are female; 36.80% are belong to Engineering; 30.75% are from Arts & science; 20.60% are from Medical and 11.80% are from Polytechnic institutions. The collected data were analysed using SPSS package. The opinion of professionals were obtained on various digitisation trends and techniques such as digital storage, storage security, various formats, metadata, standards, servers, software etc. It is identified that their exist awareness on digitisation trends and techniques as well as inquisitiveness in continuous learning on the conceptual factors of digitisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, academic users have become more dependent on article databases and electronic journals to obtain information pertinent to their needs. In Indian Higher education has tremendous growth in providing quality education for past two decades, Most of the universities and colleges are providing pin pointed electronic information to their users. This study presents the results of a brief survey on the use of electronic resources by the academic users of selected engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu. Results revealed that the users are giving preference to "enhance effectiveness" (4.37) and it is followed by "online performance" (4.00) and "easy to use" (3.89). "Competent and effective" (3.21) of online resources is given least preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]