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Using geospatial approaches, this study aims to delineate the non-carcinogenic risk zones based on the consumption of contaminated groundwater in the Vaniyambadi region of northern Tamil Nadu. The availability of water is key to the sustainability of societies and to the quality of life. When it comes to groundwater, quantity and quality are both crucial. More health concerns are associated with drinking polluted water. The use of pesticides, fertilizers, wastewater discharge, and industrial effluents can all contaminate water sources. Twenty groundwater samples were taken in order to comprehend and examine the physicochemical parameters as well as to determine the amount of nitrate in the groundwater and how it affects people's health. The piper trilinear diagram makes it clear that SO4 or Cl predominates in the samples, indicating that all of the samples come into the "strong acids exceed weak acids" category. It is mostly explained by the existence of industries and agricultural activities. To determine several thematic maps and determine the groundwater quality, the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method, an interpolation method in ArcGIS, is employed. According to research on the general quality of groundwater, the water in the study region indicates that it should not be used directly for consumption and that no effective irrigation can be done with it unless salt-tolerant crops are grown. Hazard quotients (HQ) were used as a criterion for evaluating non-carcinogenic risks in both adults and children. The findings suggest that everyone is at danger from nitrate ingestion regardless of age oral consumption of groundwater high in nitrates About 82% of children, 73% of women, and 55% of men are at risk for health problems. For all groups, the health risks associated with nitrate absorption through skin are essentially nonexistent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study on the butterfly fauna of selected areas in the Sirumalai Hills, Dindigul district, Tamilnadu, showed 36 species of butterflies. The family Pieridae and Nymphalidae were represented more in numbers. The study showed a close relationship of the butterfly fauna with the flora of the Sirumalai Hills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study on the butterfly fauna of selected areas in the Sirumalai Hills, Dindigul district, Tamilnadu, showed 36 species of butterflies. The family Pieridae and Nymphalidae were represented more in numbers. The study showed a close relationship of the butterfly fauna with the flora of the Sirumalai Hills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]