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In environmental impact assessment (EIA), experts produce conclusions not only according to scientific data but also political factors and social values. Subjective judgment plays a significant role in EIA. Traditional multi-criteria decision-making methods cannot provide best decision support because they are incapable of modeling qualitative human thinking process. On the other hand, fuzzy logic is widely recognized as a tool with the ability to compute using words to model qualitative human thinking processes in the analysis of complex systems and decisions. This study attempts to utilize fuzzy logic as a decision-support approach for EIA. The evaluation knowledge represented by "if-then" fuzzy rules is employed to measure the significance of environmental impacts. In this paper, 10 indicators and 28 subindicators are considered in the assessment framework using the Taiwan High-Speed Rail System as the case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]