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This article studies network effects induced by termination-based price discrimination in the evolving Taiwan mobile phone market. An econometric model that estimates the effects attests to the formation of bandwagon behavior among network subscribers. It is shown that networks with a large subscriber base will recruit a disproportionately greater share of new users ceteris paribus compared with low-penetration operators. The strength of the subscriber bandwagon varies closely with the price differential of intra- and inter-network calls. Also, analysis of network traffic reveals that an average mobile phone user consumes considerably less inter-network than intra-network airtime; consequently, mobile phone use is largely clustered within respective networks and hindered from traversing others. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Air pollutant emission factors produced by open burning of rice straw were estimated using the residual mass method which incorporated ambient air-quality and meteorological data of measured stations. The residual mass method regarded the residual mass of air pollutants as emissions caused by the open burning of rice straw. Lasting from November 27–28, 2002, the selected episode resulted in the most serious air pollution in the recent decade in terms of open burning of rice straw, significantly degrading air quality in central-south Taiwan. Emission factors from open burning of rice straw, as modeled by the residual mass method, were 30.3±1.45, 5.14±0.13, 3.44±0.09, 6.28±0.34, and 0.058±0.003gkg−1 for CO, NMHCs, NOx, PM10 and SO2, respectively. The maximum daily emissions of CO and PM10 were 1000kgkm−2 and located at central-south Taiwan. Additionally, emissions of CO and PM10 in EPS were 7.67 and 9.33 times higher than MON during the rice straw burning episode. The spatial emission of EPS and MON were also presented with the residual mass method. Comparing our results with those of other studies revealed that calculated emission factors in this study were in an acceptable range. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Determines the motor vehicle emission factors of different kinds of air pollution species through an in situ field experiment that was conducted in a highway road tunnel in Taipei, Taiwan. Role of the ventilation flux in controlling the pollution level inside a road tunnel; Comparison of emission factors with other tunnel experiments; Run ratios of model-predicted and observed emission factors for carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and non-methane hydrocarbons.