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The article discusses the use of ultrafast photoemission spectroscopy and photon engineering techniques in the study of quantum materials. These techniques allow scientists to observe the development of electronic band structures and their occupancy over time, providing insights into non-equilibrium characteristics. The National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center in Taiwan is working on enhancing time-resolved spectroscopic methodologies, including the development of a time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy system and a time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy system. These systems aim to deepen our understanding of the electronic and dynamic characteristics of substances and their relationship with fundamental physical attributes. The article highlights the design and specifications of the Tr-ARPES setup, including the laser source, optics, and photon flux generation. The system offers high energy and temporal resolution, making it a powerful tool for studying quantum materials and driving innovation in various scientific and technological fields. [Extracted from the article]

Musculoskeletal allografts are now commonly used. To decrease the potential risks of transmission of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, or viruses to the transplant recipients, certain issues regarding the management of patients who receive contaminated allografts need to be addressed. We aimed to clarify the incidence and extent of disease transmission from allografts by analyzing the allografting procedures performed in the bone bank of our hospital over the past 20 years. We retrospectively reviewed the data from our allograft registry center on 3979 allografts that were implanted in 3193 recipients throughout a period of two decades, from July 1991 to June 2011. The source of the allografts, results of all screening tests, dates of harvesting and implantation, and recipients of all allografts were checked. With the help of the Center for Infection Control of our hospital, a strict prospective, hospital-wide, on-site surveillance was conducted, and every patient with healthcare-associated infection was identified. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the infection rate between recipients with sterile allografts and those with contaminated allografts. The overall discard and infection rates were, respectively, 23% and 1.3% in the first decade (1991–2001); and 18.4% and 1.25% in the second decade (2001–2011). The infection rate of contaminated allograft recipients was significantly higher than that of sterile allograft recipients (10% vs. 1.15%, P < 0.01) in the second decade. Both infection and discard rates of our bone bank are comparable with those of international bone banks. Strict allograft processing and adequate prophylactic use of antibiotics are critical to prevent infection and disease transmission in such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]