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The accumulation of huge amounts of rubble and the worn-out tires that resulted from the severe damage to Syrian facilities because of the current war in Syria poses a serious environmental problem. In this research, therefore, asphalt mixtures containing recycled concrete aggregates and an asphalt binder modified with tire rubber crumbs were designed. It also determines the loading cycles until failure on fatigue and rutting of these mixtures by following numerical modeling and using the 3D-Move Analysis program. The results showed an increase in the optimal asphalt ratio, the proportion of air voids and flow with the increase in the proportion of recycled concrete aggregates in the asphalt mixture. Contrastingly, it showed a decrease in both volumetric density and stability with the increase in the proportion of these aggregates in the mixture. With modifying these mixtures with tire rubber crumbs, both of the percentage of air voids and stability increase, while the volumetric density and flow decrease. The results also showed an increase in the fatigue strength of the asphalt mixture with an increase in the proportion of recycled concrete aggregates, while the rutting resistance increased when the mixture was modified with tire rubber crumbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The awareness of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contributes to the complications and fatality rates from these diseases among individuals; however, no previous study in Syria was conducted on this topic; thus, this study aims to assess Syrians' awareness of CVDs warning symptoms and risk factors. This online cross-sectional study was performed in Syria between the 1st and 25th of August 2022. The inclusion criteria for the sample were citizens of Syria over 18 who currently reside in Syria. The questionnaire included open- and closed-ended questions to assess the awareness of CVDs. A total of 1201 participants enrolled in the study with a response rate of 97.2%; more than half of the participants (61.4%) were aged 18–24. The most recognizable risk factors and warning signs when asking close-ended and open-ended questions were smoking (95.2%, 37.1%) and chest pain (87.8%, 24.8%), respectively. Overall knowledge scores for risk factors and warning signs were (61.5%). Regarding knowledge score of CVDs risk factors and warning signs, participants aged 45–54 scored higher than other age groups, and respondents with a university education level had a higher score than other educational levels (15.7 ± 0.3), (14.5 ± 0.1), respectively. Participants aged 45–54 have a higher probability of good knowledge of CVDs risk factors and warning signs than participants aged 18–24 (OR = 4.8, P value < 0.001), while participants living in the countryside were less likely to have good knowledge of CVDs risk factors and warning signs than city residents (OR = 0.6, P value < 0.05). According to our results, there is inadequate knowledge of the risk factors and warning signs of CVDs. Consequently, there is a greater need to raise CVD awareness and learning initiatives on the disease's risk factors and symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Durum wheat genetic resources from Turkey and Syria are expected to harbor novel alleles for most traits that are of interest to breeders and consumers. However, there have not been sufficient efforts to investigate the genetic structure of this gene pool. In this study, cultivar Kunduru-1149 (selected from one of the unique landraces, Kunduru) from Anatolia was crossed with a Syrian cultivar, Cham1, to produce recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. The RIL population was genotyped with simple sequence repeats, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and seed storage protein markers and analyzed for 9 different important quality traits of durum wheat in 8 different environments in Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon. We identified 59 QTLs of various quality and rheology traits using single-marker analysis. Some of the QTLs were also reported in earlier studies; however, new major QTLs were also identified in our QTL mapping population. In future studies, after validation, the markers linked with these QTLs can be used in marker-assisted durum wheat breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: War contributes to sleep disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder by war experiences. Theses mental and psychological troubles are a common symptom in children and adolescents during Wartime. Aim: The objective of this study was the first to evaluate the effects of the method of Therapy by Repeating Phrases of Positive Thoughts (TRPPT) and Cognitive and Positive psychotherapy (CPPT) training during Wartime among children and adolescents in Syria. This study attempted to treat the evils of wars, which cause deep wounds and psychological scares because of their horrors. Method: The sample consisted of 41 Syrian children and adolescents, aged 13 to 17 years. Results: 41 Syrian children and adolescents (experimental group) who benefited from TRPPT have the decreasingon Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Sleep Disorders (SD) and remember of War Experiences (WE). The results showed a significant decrease in PTSD in throughout the Therapy (p<0.05) and a significant reduction in SD following the TRPPT protocol (p<0.001), and also less Negative War Experiences (p<0.01). Conclusions: States of mind and psychologic were improved after the TRPPT. Treatment by repeating phrases positive thoughts will be significant among children and adolescents refugees subjected to war or no. Cognitive and positive psychotherapy based on TRPPT have an impact positive on evils of wars, which cause Posttraumatic stress disorder, Sleep Disorders and Negatives War Experiences. There is a dose effect: the higher the level of activity of the CPPT and TRPPT, the lower the psychiatric disorder, and the better of the health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past 18 months have witnessed considerable turmoil in countries of the MENA region. The Syrian Arab Republic (SAR) is one such country, currently in the midst of a civil war. This report draws attention to some of the recent achievements of its health services, where, despite a dearth of published materials, the country achieved remarkable declines in maternal mortality and infant mortality rates. Its health sector now faces destruction from on-going violence compounded by economic sanctions that has affected access to health care, to medicines and to basic essentials as well as the destruction of infrastructure. This paper draws attention to the achievements of the country's health services and explores some of the consequences of conflict and of sanctions on population health. Readers need to be mindful that the situation on the ground in a civil war can alter on a daily basis. This is the case for Syria with much destruction of health facilities and increasing numbers of people killed and injured. We retain however our focus on the core theme of this paper which is on conflict and on sanctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]