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This article approaches the recent debates about copyright and piracy from a cultural and historical perspective, discussing how problems surrounding intellectual property rights (IPR) reflect cultural conflicts that are central to cultural studies. It sets out with a study of how international copyright norms developed in nineteenth-century Europe were implemented in two different national contexts: Sweden and the USA. This historical background shows how copyright has been embedded in the cultural history of Europe and intertwined with the idea of an evolving Western civilization. The examples from the past are thus used to highlight the underlying cultural implications that affect the contemporary discussions. Particular interest is paid to how the historical association between the spread of copyright and the development of civilization affects the understanding of Asian piracy and Western file sharing today, and how a multitude of social movements both in the West and the Third World simultaneously challenge the cultural legitimacy of the current system of IPR. Eventually this is also taken as an example of how law and culture intersect and how the broad, interdisciplinary field of copyright studies that has emerged over the last decade can be seen as an extension of the cultural studies tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a project between Sweden and Australia titled Culturalisation and Globalisation. The project is a collaboration between the Department of Culture Studies at Linköping University (LiU) in Sweden and the Institute for Culture and Society (ICS) at the University of Western Sydney (UWS). The Advanced Cultural Studies of Sweden (ACSIS) initiated the exchange programme, which ran from 2008-2012. Some of the articles resulting from the project are discussed.

Background: Both total ankle replacement (TAR) and ankle arthrodesis do show some problems in long-term studies. To choose either of these surgical options is a delicate task. There are no randomized studies reported in the literature and no previous studies in which patients constitute the own controls.Methods: Patients with a TAR and a contralateral ankle arthrodesis were identified in the Swedish Ankle Register. A self-reported foot and ankle specific questionnaire (SEFAS) was sent to these patients who also were asked to report their grade of satisfaction from 1 to 5.Results: The median SEFAS score was 32 (16-44) for the prostheses and 27 (14-47) for the arthrodeses. The median satisfaction score was 2 (1-4) for the prostheses and 2 (1-5) for the arthrodeses. There were no statistically significant difference between the prosthetic side and the fused side regarding these scores.Conclusion: Patients who had undergone ankle arthrodesis on one side and had the contralateral ankle replaced, were equally satisfied with both procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the outcome changes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Gothenburg, Sweden, after introduction of mechanical chest compression (MCC)., Methods: Following introduction of MCC, 1183 OHCA patients were treated from November 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011 (period 2). They were compared with 1218 OHCA patients before MCC was introduced from January 1, 1998, to May 30, 2003 (period 1). Patients in period 2 were evaluated for survival in relation to MCC use., Results: The percentage of patients admitted to hospital alive increased from 25.4% to 31.9% (P < .0001). Survival to 1 month increased from 7.1% to 10.7% (P = .002) from period 1 to period 2. The proportion of ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia decreased in period 2 (P = .002). However, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (P < .0001), crew-witnessed cases (P = .04), percutaneous coronary intervention (P < .0001), therapeutic hypothermia (P < .0001), and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator use (P = .01) increased, as did time from call to emergency medicine service arrival (P < .0001) and to defibrillation (P = .006). In period 2, 60% of OHCA patients were treated with MCC. The percentages admitted alive to hospital (MCC vs no MCC) were 28.6% and 36.1% (P = .008). Corresponding figures for survival to 1 month were 5.6% and 17.6% (P < .0001). In the MCC group, we found increase in the delay from collapse to defibrillation (P < .0001), greater use of adrenaline (P < .0001), and fewer crew-witnessed cases (P < .0001)., Conclusion: Survival to 1 month after implementation of MCC was higher than before introduction. However, patients receiving MCC had low survival. Although case selection might play a role, results do not support a widespread use of MCC after OHCA., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The aim was to compare characteristics and outcome after cardiac arrest where cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted outside and inside hospital over 12 years., Methods: All out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) in Göteborg between 1994 and 2006 and all in-hospital cardiac arrests (IHCAs) in 1 of the city's 2 hospitals for whom the rescue team was called between 1994 and 2006 were included in the survey., Results: The study included 2,984 cases of OHCA and 1,478 cases of IHCA. Patients with OHCA differed from those with an IHCA; they were younger, included fewer women, were less frequently found in ventricular fibrillation, and were treated later. If patients were found in a shockable rhythm, survival to 1 month/discharge was 18% after OHCA and 61% after IHCA (P < .0001). Corresponding values for a nonshockable rhythm were 3% and 21% (P < .0001). Survival was higher on daytime and weekdays as compared with nighttime and weekends after IHCA but not after OHCA. Among patients found in a shockable rhythm, a multivariate analysis considering age, gender, witnessed status, delay to defibrillation, time of day, day of week, and location showed that IHCA was associated with increased survival compared with OHCA (adjusted odds ratio 3.18, 95% CI 2.07-4.88)., Conclusion: Compared with OHCA, the survival of patients with IHCA increased 3-fold for shockable rhythm and 7-fold for nonshockable rhythm in our practice setting. If patients were found in a shockable rhythm, the higher survival after IHCA was only partly explained by a shorter treatment delay. The time and day of CA were associated with survival in IHCA but not OHCA., (2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: In-hospital cardiac arrest is one of the most stressful situations in modern medicine. Since 1997, there has been a uniform way of reporting - the Utstein guidelines for in-hospital cardiac arrest reporting., Material and Methods: We have studied all consecutive cardiac arrest in the Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SU) between 1994 and 2001 for who the rescue team was alerted in all 833 patients. The primary endpoint for this study was survival to discharge., Results: Thirty-seven percent survived to hospital discharge. Among patients who were discharged alive, 86% were alive 1 year later. The survivors have a good cerebral outcome (94% among those who were discharged alive had cerebral performance category (CPC) score 1 or 2). The organization at SU is efficient; 80% of the cardiac arrest had CPR within 1 min. Time from cardiac arrest to first defibrillation is a median of 2 min. Almost two-thirds of the patients were admitted for cardiac related diagnoses., Conclusion: The current study is the largest single-centre study of in hospital cardiac arrest reported according to the Utstein guidelines. We report a high survival for in-hospital cardiac arrest. We have pointed out that a functional chain of survival, short intervals before the start of CPR and defibrillation are probably contributing factors for this.

Background: The association between the interval between collapse and defibrillation and outcome is well described in out of hospital cardiac arrest but not as well in in-hospital cardiac arrest. We report the outcome among patients who suffered an in-hospital cardiac arrest and were found in ventricular fibrillation (VF) with the emphasis on the delay to defibrillation., Methods and Results: In patients who suffered an in-hospital cardiac arrest at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Göteborg between 1994 and 2002 there were 1.570 calls for the rescue team of which 71% had suffered a cardiac arrest. Among cardiac arrests 47% took place on monitored wards. The proportion of patients found in VF was 59% on wards with monitoring facilities and 45% on wards without (p<0.0001). Approximately 90% of these patients were defibrillated 12 min. On monitored wards, the survival was 63% if defibrillated 3 min after collapse (NS). The corresponding values for non-monitored wards were 72% and 35%, respectively (p=0.0003). Cerebral function among survivors at discharge appeared to be good among the majority of patients both in monitored and non monitored wards., Conclusion: If patients with in hospital VF were defibrillated early in both monitored and non monitored wards survival to hospital discharge was high. This highlights the importance of being prepared for the rapid defibrillation on wards without monitoring facilities.

Objective: To describe the outcome in the Utstein style for out of hospital cardiac arrest in Gothenburg, over a period of 19 years., Methods: All consecutive cases of cardiac arrest between 1980 and 1999 in which the emergency medical service (EMS) system responded and attempted resuscitation were reported and followed up for 1 year., Results: In all, there were 5270 attempts. 3871 (73%) of which were regarded as being of a cardiac aetiology. In these cases, information on witnessed status was missing in 782 cases (20%). Of the remaining 3089 cases, 2066 (67%) were bystander witnessed, 791 (26%) were unwitnessed and 232 (8%) crew witnessed. The median interval between a call for the ambulance and the arrival of the first ambulance was 5 min. Thirteen percent of the bystander-witnessed cases were discharged from hospital. Of the unwitnessed cases, only 2% were discharged from hospital, whereas 22% of the crew-witnessed cases were discharged. Of the patients with a bystander-witnessed cardiac arrest of a cardiac aetiology found in ventricular fibrillation (VF), 20% were discharged from hospital., Conclusion: In this large Utstein style study of out of hospital cardiac arrest stretching over almost 19 years, we report high survival rates both for patients suffering a bystander-witnessed cardiac arrest, and for the subgroup suffering a bystander-witnessed cardiac arrest with VF as the first recorded rhythm. These high survival rates can in part be explained by the short time intervals from calls being received by the emergency dispatch centre (EDC) to the arrival of the emergency medical service at the scene.