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Background: Apolipoproteins B (apoB) and AI (apoAI) are strong predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We describe apolipoprotein distributions and their associations with lipids and diabetes subtype in diabetic young adult South Asians. Methods: In 995 subjects with diabetes, we measured fasting total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), triglycerides (TG), apoB and apoAI, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and non-HDLC (NHDLC) were calculated.We compared values in subjects aged 15-50 y from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Results: Median age and duration of diabetes were 38 (range 14-45) and 4 (0-24) y. Men had significantly higher TC, TG, NHDLC, TC/HDLC, apoB/AI and NHDLC/apoB, and lower apoAI than women. Compared with the reference group, patients with type 1 diabetes had lower TG, apoB:apoAI and HDLC:apoAI, and higher HDLC and apoAI. Patients with type 2 diabetes had higher TG, TC, LDLC, NHDLC, TC:HDL, apoB, apoAI and apoB:apoAI, and lower HDLC, LDLC:apoB and HDLC:apoAI. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, 54% had high apoB (>1.2 g/L) and 33% also had high TG (>1.5 mmol/L). Measures of obesity (body mass index and waist circumference) were weakly correlated with lipid and apoprotein parameters, suggesting a modest contribution to dyslipidaemia. Conclusions: A large proportion of young adult Sri Lankan patients with type 2 diabetes has a low LDLC:apoB and high apoB and/or TG, suggesting that these patients are at increased risk of CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Asians are at increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The key to the increased CVD risk among diabetic subjects is thought to be the abnormal lipoprotein profile. We aimed to identify the prevalence and patterns of dyslipidaemias among subjects with young adult diabetes in Sri Lanka. Data from 1007 consecutive subjects (age of onset 16-40 years) attending government and private clinics in Sri Lanka were recruited. Blood for glucose, total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC), triglycerides (TG), HBA[sub 1]C was obtained after a 12-14 hour fast. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) was calculated using Friedewald equation. Non-high density lipoprotein (nun-HDLC) was calculated by subtracting HDLC from TC. The cut offs for diabetes dyslipidaemias were based on ADA guidelines. Mean age of the population was 36.6 years (SD 5.8) and mean diabetes duration was 4.8 years (SD 4.1). Mean HBA[sub 1]C was 8%. High LDLC (>2.6mmol/l), high TG (>1.7mmol) and low HDLC (M7%) had high TC (p<0.001) and high LDLC (p=0.004). There was no significant association of high HBA[sub 1]C with HDLC and TG. Higher TC (p<0.001), non HDLC (p=0.001), TG (p=0.008) and LDLC (p=0.04) was seen among smokers compared to those who did not smoke. In conclusion there was a high prevalence of diabetes dyslipidaemia among this cohort of young adult diabetic subjects. It needs further investigation to determine whether cigarette smoking is a marker of poor lifestyle choices or whether there are underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Apolipoproteins are emerging as powerful predictors of CVD. We aimed to study associations of metabolic syndrome and apoB, apoAI, apoB/AI ratio in young Sri Lankans with type 2 diabetes., Materials & Methods: Blood samples were available from 690 patients with type 2 diabetes in Sri Lanka Young Diabetes Study, and were analysed for apoB, apoAI, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), triglycerides (TG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ). Their associations with MetS as perNCEP/ATPIII criteria were studied., Results: MetS was present in 60.9% of subjects. Of those with MetS, 76.0% were women. Those with MetS had higher apoB (1.27 V s 1.19 mmol/L; p = 0.001), apoB/AI (0.80 V s 0.75; p = 0.001), non-HDL cholesterol (NHDLC) (4.15 V s 3.98 mmol/L; p = 0.002),and triglycerides (1.51 V s 1.31 mmol/L; p < 0.001) and lower apoAI (1.58 V s 1.60 mmol/L; p = 0.03) and HDLC (1.02 V s 1.16 mmol/L, p < 0.001). ApoB and apoB/AIlevels increased significantly as the number of MetS components increased. ApoB and apoB:AI ratio were independently associated with MetS and components., Conclusion: MetS showed a high prevalence among young Sri Lankans with diabetes. Elevated apoB is commonly clustered with other risk indicators in MetS., (Copyright © 2018 Diabetes India. All rights reserved.)