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[Display omitted] • Advanced bibliometric analysis of ionic liquids in lipase-catalyzed reactions literature. • China, USA, Spain, France lead in IL-lipase use. • The software VOSViewer, CiteSpace, ArcMap, Excel and Google Sheets were used for analysis. • Analysis of the most used ionic liquids in recent years and their applications. • Ionic liquids and enzymes replace harmful chemicals with eco-friendly methods. Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used in many applications. Still, their use in enzyme engineering is particularly notable due to their environmentally friendly nature and efficient replacement of conventional organic solvents. Recently, lipase has emerged as an environmentally friendly catalyst. Nevertheless, using Lipases in the presence of ILs has led to a remarkable activity enhancement, making it a sustainable and non-harmful approach. This study conducted a bibliometric review of research articles published between 2010 and 2022 concerning the use of ILs in lipase-catalyzed reactions. The analysis was based on 206 publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) database., which were analyzed using different software tools, such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and ArcGIS. Key findings included that over half of the publications originated from other countries, notably China (around 36.4%), the United States, Spain, and France. As a result of this bibliometric analysis, four emerging trends were identified: namely: i) lipase-catalyzed synthesis, ii) the use of deep eutectic solvent, iii) the application of ILs in secondary alcohol reactions, iv) the use of ILs as green solvents, and iv) the enzymatic ring-opening polymerization. The study also evaluated the most prominent authors, articles, and institutions that provide comprehensive data on up-to-date research on ILs and lipases. It is noted that the studies identify significant advantages in this field, showing a positive trend of promising results, especially with the development of improved and environmentally friendly processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytical procedure is proposed for determining three cyanotoxins (microcystin RR, microcystin LR, and nodularin) and two phycotoxins (domoic and okadaic acids) in seawater and algae-based food supplements. The toxins were first isolated by a salting out liquid extraction procedure. Since the concentration expected in the samples was very low, a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure was included for preconcentration. The ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (80 mg) was used as green extractant solvent and acetonitrile as disperser solvent (0.5 mL) for a 10 mL sample volume at pH 1.5, following the principles of green analytical chemistry. Liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) was used. The selectivity of the detection system, based on accurate mass measurements, allowed the toxins to be unequivocally identified. Mass spectra for quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) and Q-TOF-MS/MS were recorded in the positive ion mode and quantification was based on the protonated molecule. Retention times ranged between 6.2 and 17.9 min using a mobile phase composed by a mixture of methanol and formic acid (0.1%). None of the target toxins were detected in any of the seawater samples analyzed, above their corresponding detection limits. However, microcystin LR was detected in the blue green alga sample.

Native cellulose, lignocellulosic materials from Brazil (carnauba palm leaves and macauba pulp and shell) and pine nut shell from Spain have been studied as substrates for the production of HMF and furfural in a conventional microwave oven. In order to promote the dissolution of native cellulose, several ionic liquids, catalysts, organic solvents and water doses have been assessed. The most suitable mixture (5mL of choline chloride/oxalic acid, 2mL of sulfolane, 2mL of water, 0.02g of TiO2 and 0.1g of substrate) has been chosen to conduct kinetic studies at different reaction times (5-60min) and various temperatures (120-200°C) and to evaluate the best conditions for HMF+furfural production according to Seaman's model. The best production yields of HMF+furfural have been attained for native cellulose, with a yield of 53.24% when an ultrasonic pretreatment was used prior to a microwave treatment with stirring., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

An analytical method for determining phenylureas (monuron, isoproturon, diuron, linuron and neburon) and propanil herbicides in wastewater has been developed and validated, and the most significant parameters were compared with the corresponding ones found in the literature, thus showing the method performance. The method involves pre-concentration by a simple, rapid, sensitive and low environmental toxicity temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure. The herbicides were identified and determined by liquid chromatography with a hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Data acquisition in selected-reaction monitoring mode allowed the simultaneous identification and quantification of the analytes using two transitions. The information dependent acquisition scan was performed to carry out the identification of those analytes whose second transition was present at low intensity, also providing extra confirmation for the other analytes. Limits of quantification were in the range 1.0-5.0 ng/L. Good recoveries (95-103%) were obtained for the extraction of the target analytes in wastewater samples. The methodology developed was applied to analyze effluent wastewater samples from a wastewater treatment plant located in an agricultural zone of Almería (Spain) and the results indicated the presence of diuron at mean concentration levels of 73.5 ng/L., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)