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Research on topics related to educational leadership is evolving rapidly. A scoping review was conducted to investigate research on teacher leadership in Spain searching online databases (WoS, ÍnDICEs-CSIC, SCOPUS, Google Scholar) to identify papers published between 1990 and 2022, of which 39 were included. Through a thematic and contextual analysis, the review concludes that teacher leadership is an emerging topic in Spain; it has a much stronger empirical position and has expanded related to distributed leadership and leadership for social justice. Nevertheless, further research is needed to develop this area and make it more useful for academics, practitioners, and policymakers.

Recycling is a highly relevant issue in environmental behavior. To make it work, it is necessary to involve people. Many efforts have been made to increase people's participation in recycling. This study proposes an informal education to raise awareness among homemakers about recycling, especially aluminum packaging recycling, using workshops and compensating the factors that act as barriers to recycling in Spain. The results are the "Spaces for Dialogue" strategy to increase knowledge, awareness, and recycling intention. The findings present the main barriers to closing the gap between intention to action, and the study highlights the role that mentors play as teachers in facilitating communication and education for sustainable development.

The organisation of K-18 schools and the management function are similar in Portugal and Spain, although, in recent years, Portugal has surpassed Spain's educational results. Based on the last international reports, this article compares the educational systems of both countries considering some variables related to the management model: (i) the general organisation of education in these stages, (ii) the characteristics of the teaching profession, including the process of recruitment and selection of teachers and principals, and (iii) the level of school autonomy and the type of management and leadership. Findings corroborated the existence of structural proximity in the governance of schools within the framework of a management model that is both centralized and participatory. However, there are differences in the permanency of educational laws, the duration of compulsory education, the grouping of schools, and the requirements to be a teacher. We conclude that the policies undertaken by Portugal to improve education (such as the extension of compulsory schooling, legislative stability, or the rethinking of the internal organization of schools) are succeeding and can serve as an example for Spain. Both countries could help principals become leaders for learning and improve their autonomy to favour changes in education.

Plastic pollution is widespread in all the oceans and seas, representing a significant threat to most of their ecosystems even in marine protected areas (MPAs). This study determines the floating plastic distribution in four different periods between 2014 and 2015 in the recently approved Menorca Channel MPA (Balearic Islands). Plastic debris were persistent during all sampling periods on the surface of the Channel, composed mainly by the microplastic sizes. Average particle abundances ranged from 138,293 i t e m s ⋅ k m − 2 in autumn to 347,793 i t e m s ⋅ k m − 2 during the spring, while weight densities varied from 458.15 g (D W) ⋅ k m − 2 in winter to 2016.67 g (D W) ⋅ k m − 2 in summer. Rigid plastics were the most frequent particles in all the periods analysed (from 89.40%-winter to 94.54%-spring). The high-resolution and particle distribution models corroborated that the oceanographic variability shapes different patterns of presence of plastics, and in particular the existence of areas with almost no plastics. Image 1 • Floating plastic debris were ubiquitous during all periods in the Menorca Channel. • Rigid fragments and microplastic sizes were the dominant typologies. • Maximum values were 347,793 items·km-2 (spring) and 2016.67 g (DW)·km-2 (summer). • Models corroborate the oceanographic variability that shape particle distribution. Floating plastic debris in the MPA of the Menorca Channel were present along four different sampling periods influenced by circulation patterns that would shape its spatial distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New monitoring technologies are being progressively implemented in openocean and coastal observatories. The Mediterranean Sea is a well-known, reducedscale ocean, an ideal natural laboratory to study global ocean processes, in particular those associated with meso- and submesoscale variability, interactions with mean flows and associated ecosystem response. S0CIB, the Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System, is one of such observatories, a multiplatform distributed and integrated system, a facility of facilities that extends from the nearshore to the open sea. S0CIB profits from the strategic position of the Balearic Islands at the Atlantic/Mediterranean transition area, one of the "hot spots" of biodiversity in the world's oceans, and also of societal needs in islands where preservation of the environment is essential to assure both residents' welfare and the competitiveness of the tourist sector. S0CIB is unique in that, from peer-reviewed excellence, its mission and objectives are science-, technology-, and society-driven. These types of new marine infrastructures, because of their critical mass and sustained funding, are presently establishing new ways of international cooperation, leading to major science breakthroughs, innovations in oceanographic instrumentation, and new ways of more efficient and science-based coastal and ocean management. We describe the major elements and structure of S0CIB and present some recent scientific, technological, and society-related results that are of relevance at a global ocean scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The objective of this study is to propose a simple methodological approach, based on the Limits of Acceptable Change process, to support the formulation of management measures for recreational boating in bays. Management measures have been determined using statistical and geospatial analyses of data of biophysical characteristics, use, and user perceptions in a bay on the island of Mallorca. The results suggest that the optimal use level of the study site is being surpassed and a range of potential management options is provided. This methodology is applicable to additional management scenarios where balancing social and environmental needs is necessary and should be implemented as part of a broader Integrated Coastal Zone Management framework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Recreational boating is an important, growing leisure activity on the island of Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain. This spatial analysis of anchoring of recreational boating along the coast of Mallorca is intended to generate new data to contribute to the achievement of a comprehensive marine and coastal spatial planning on the island in addition to providing important information related to the pressure of increasing demand for anchoring space that, if not properly managed, could jeopardize the coastal and marine environments. The study combines data from the natural (habitats, geology), physical (wave patterns), and social sciences (survey interviews), using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as the main analytical tool. The final result is an estimate of the average amount of seabed available for anchoring during the highest levels of boating activity in Mallorca (i.e. summer high season) based on a number of different sustainability scenarios (i.e. average distance between boats, weather conditions). In addition to being applicable to any location wishing to manage recreational boating activity, the methodology presented in this study represents an integrated, multidisciplinary approach which could be applied to a number of management scenarios with a spatial dimension in marine environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper explores the process by which indicators may be developed as tools for communicating science to decision-makers using the participatory approach demonstrated by the Balearic Indicators Project. This initiative reflects a series of compromises considered necessary to achieve the objective of generating an indicator system that is scientifically viable, comparative internationally yet locally relevant, and to facilitate its implementation. The article highlights questions regarding the utility of science for addressing current global issues related to sustainability and why science often fails to promote change at the societal level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Coastal zones and beach management practices, regulatory decisions, and land use planning activities along coastal zones have historically been made with insufficient information concerning the dynamic coastal environment. In this study we address and integrate an interdisciplinary scientific approach to Coastal Management in a scenario where lack of this information has resulted in the alteration of the natural dune system of the beach of Cala Millor (Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain), and also in the perception of the beach retreat and in a parallel way, a risk for the tourism resources. In this work the detailed studies on beach morphodynamics have been developed as a basis for integrating proper beach management, beach natural dynamics and local users and economic agent interests. From this point of view a set of solutions are considered as the basis for a management policy that links beach science and beach use as a tourism resort resource. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Metal concentrations and isotopic composition were measured in different tissues of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in waters of the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean) in order to assess pollution levels. The isotopic composition was correlated with lead, cadmium, selenium and nickel obtained from the digestive gland and foot of the mussels. Significant negative correlations were found between cadmium, selenium and zinc and the mussel foot, mainly for 13C. Significant correlations were also found between lead and cadmium and the digestive gland. Pearson correlations indicated that the 13C isotopic signal in foot is a good proxy for the concentration of metals such as lead, cadmium, selenium and zinc. Similarly, 15N isotopic signatures in the digestive gland reflected the lead and cadmium concentration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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