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Copyright of Revista UNISCI is the property of Unidad de Investigaciones Sobre Seguridad y Cooperacion International (UNISCI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Index.Comunicación is the property of Index.comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2011, a pioneering experience of restorative justice was carried out in Spain through restorative encounters between individuals who had suffered the violence of the terrorist organization ETA and those who had exercised it. These encounters, unthinkable at first, were the seed of a practice that is currently becoming more frequent. This article offers a brief introduction outlining the differences between retributive and restorative justice and then describes the experience taking into consideration the motivation of both victims and perpetrators, the conditions needed to make them possible and the outcomes. This article also provides information regarding the number of encounters, where they took place and who the people in charge of their design and implementation were. The author acted as a mediator in the encounters and provides an account from her perspective as one of the key people involved in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The theoretical models of posttraumatic growth (PTG) assume that a change in core beliefs or attitudes about the world and oneself is at the root of PTG. However, there are few studies on the relationship between these attitudes and PTG and their results are contradictory. The contradictions could be clarified using an instrument that assesses attitudes more specifically related to the traumatic event (traumatic dysfunctional attitudes) and analyzing whether said relationship is linear or an inverted U. Methods: A sample of 210 adults directly exposed to terrorist attacks in Spain completed diagnostic measures of emotional disorders and measures of PTSD and depression symptomatology, optimism, traumatic and depressive dysfunctional attitudes, and PTG a mean of 29.6 years after the attacks (range: 2-47 years). Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed that some long-term PTG dimensions were significantly associated in a linear or inverted-U fashion with traumatic dysfunctional attitudes, such that the most extreme levels of spiritual change were associated with the highest total levels of traumatic dysfunctional attitudes while the highest levels of appreciation of life were associated with moderate levels of total traumatic dysfunctional attitudes and, especially, attitudes of perpetual suffering. However, long-term PTG was not associated with depressive dysfunctional attitudes. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of core attitudes for PTG and offer support for the hypothesis that, over time, the positive basic attitudes of many people who have experienced a traumatic event are reconstructed, but incorporating negative or dysfunctional attitudes, which means that a certain amount of traumatic dysfunctional attitudes may be a necessary condition for long-term PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Jurídica de Castilla y León is the property of Junta de Castilla y Leon, Direccion de Servicios Juridicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Jurídica de Castilla y León is the property of Junta de Castilla y Leon, Direccion de Servicios Juridicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The definitive dissolution of eta in May 2018 has prompted the appearance of numerous academic publications that mainly focus on the discursive universe of victims of civil society or prominent personalities from the Basque Country. Thus, through an oral history exercise, it seeks to reconstruct eta discourse in an original and unprecedented way in the face of two events that accelerated its disappearance: the attacks of March 11, 2004, and the failed negotiation with the Government of Rodríguez Zapatero between 2005 and 2006. Methodology: The analysis of how these two events were perceived by eta activists is based on nine in-depth interviews conducted with prominent members of the armed group. These were carried out at the end of 2018, a few months after the disappearance of eta, and serve to vindicate the importance of testimonies and oral sources. Originality: So far, very few studies have used this type of source, mainly due to their difficult accessibility. Thus, although the oral history approach has not been unfamiliar to the understanding of eta, the dissolution of the terrorist group has not been studied based solely on the testimony of its members, an aspect that occupies a central place in the following pages, when taking a closer look at how former members perceive and relate the events that marked the end of eta. Conclusions: All the interviewees coincide in pointing out how the 11-M attacks represent a turning point that resulted in the loss of anchors in Basque society. Even though eta was able to arrange a dialogue scenario just a year later, a radical, uncritical position, without a clear roadmap—which is perceptible in the interviewees’ accounts— contributed to discrediting a terrorist group that only five years later announced the end of their armed actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses strategies for preventing and combatting violent extremism in Spain since the Madrid attacks in 2004. Initially concerned with anticipating the terrorist threat by means of police, military, and legal measures, these strategies have gradually incorporated approaches and measures that address the phenomenon of radicalisation. It is argued that the advent of the battle to "counter violent extremism" (CVE) and for the "prevention of violent extremism" (PVE) represents a step forward in the approach to terrorism since its target is not terrorism as such but the factors and conditions that can lead to it. In the case of Spain, CVE and PVE policies come together in the present strategy against violent radicalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Estudios Penales y de la Seguridad is the property of Revista Electronica de Estudios Penales y de la Seguridad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politica y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research note aims to analyze the determinants of terrorism saliency in elites' political discourse by means of a content analysis of the Spanish Presidents' speeches at the investiture sessions and the debates on the general political situation of Spain in the Spanish Parliament. Thus, it is shown the quantitative weight terrorism has had in these speeches. Apart from describing the weight of this issue, the article points out a series of hypotheses regarding changes of the saliency in these speeches and it also tries to check them provisionally. The text first states that ceasefires declared by terrorist gangs have some influence, raising the importance politicians give to this phenomenon. Second, especially relevant attacks also make terrorism grow its presence in political speeches. Third, formal agreements to exclude terrorism from party competition (such as the Ajuria-Enea Pact) have the opposite influence, for they reduce the saliency of this issue. Finally, public opinion matters: The more people consider terrorism as a problem, the more Spanish Presidents talk about it. The note tries to fill a gap in research, because the quantitative analysis of political elites' discourse about terrorism has been largely neglected. Methodologically, it combines content analysis of political texts, survey data and contextual data regarding ETA's terrorist attacks and ceasefires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A few months ago, ETA resolved to disarm itself fully. This decision, which means the end of the violence 60 years after its beginning, raises a question that needs to be answered: what role should criminal law have in the end of ETA? Throughout this article I will proceed to analyze the different types of terrorist offenses and the consequences that could result from the disarmament process in relation to a criminal law defined by its marked authoritarianism and the flexibilization of certain legal principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Politica: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales is the property of Departamento De Historia del Pensamiento y de los Moviemientos Sociales y Politicos (Madrid) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When do terrorist campaigns end? Why do terrorist groups decline? What are the causes of terrorist disbandment? What are the explanatory factors that account for individual and collective disengagement? This paper analyzes the case of Terra Lliure, a Catalan terrorist group active between 1979 and 1995, in order to identify the independent variables that determine the success or failure of terrorist groups. In accordance to the literature on political violence, the paper develops a multi-level argument that distinguishes three explanatory variables: (1) counter-terrorism; (2) organizational dynamics; and (3) individual factors. The article concludes that a counter-terrorist policy (macro level) based on increasing the cost of participation in an insurgent group is most successful when it coincides with organizational fragmentation (meso level) and individual burnout (micro level). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents the first systematic database, based on documentary information, about the circumstances around the kidnappings committed in Spain by ETA and its related organizations. Its main purpose, therefore, is to make the database itself publicly available for the academic community by offering free access to it in the website of our research group. We also provide a first utilization of the database by analyzing its different variables, which gives us a better understanding of the phenomenon of Basque nationalist terrorism, whose violent action has been present in Spanish society over the past decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain ranks highly in the list of countries that have endured the barbarities of terrorism, and it does because of the actions of the armed group ETA. Furthermore, since the attacks of 9/11, United States' "war on terrorism" has expanded throughout the world and, as a result, the concept of "terrorism" has been manipulated and expanded to match the will of governments, public and legal practitioners. This has lead to criminal laws having more exceptions than ever before as to terrorist delinquency. However, countries governed by the rule of law have to prevent crimes, even terrorist ones, respecting certain rights and freedoms. The purpose of this article is thus to establish the concept, on the one hand, and the limits of punishment of terrorism crimes in the mentioned countries, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Politica: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales is the property of Departamento De Historia del Pensamiento y de los Moviemientos Sociales y Politicos (Madrid) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the Spanish attitude towards Russian nihilism following the assassination of its leader Alexander II in 1881, with a particular focus on its treatment in the Spanish press. The author comments on the concept of nihilism in the modernization of politics and society, including the development of women's rights, higher educational standards, and nationalism. The relationship between these nihilistic ideals and Spanish liberalism is examined and Spain's foreign relations with greater Europe at the time is also explored.

Copyright of Bajo Palabra: Journal of Philosophy is the property of Bajo Palabra: Journal of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The newspapers of the Basque Country had not yet made fully aware of the importance of media in the fight against terrorism until 1996. From that year ETA began a sustained campaign of attacks to politicians and the media shows a serious change in their press coverage. The Basque press starts a new media strategy which is consolidated in 1997 and finally implemented during 1998. In these two years the media tried to "humanize" the information published about the attacks of ETA. Although the newspapers began to react journalistically to the killings in the 1996-1998 period, we can observe that the information coverage was very different depending on who the victims were. This text is based on a research funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Reference CSO2010-19855). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though children and young people are targets with a high risk of vulnerability to interpersonal victimization and their negative consequences, research on the psychological impact of terrorism on children has not been a topic of interest in Spain. After the permanent and general cease-fire by the most violent terrorist group in Spain, the present article reviews the literature on children's victims of terrorism. International literature has shown that the impact of terror is, in most of the cases, and depending on certain variables, not generalized and transient for children. Individual's resiliency is a factor that should be kept in mind. However, the assistance provided to children from mental health specialists after an attack is scarce and trained professionals in the field of developmental victimology are needed, who be able to recognize the physical, psychological and social adverse effects associated with these experiences for a small but significant group of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Penal y Criminologia is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Signa is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Signa is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Signa is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research tries to determine if the agenda during the period from March 11th to March 13th, 2004 was set by social media or traditional media. From content analysis of traditional media such as Cadena Ser, El Mundo and El País; and of social media (mainly blogs and bulletin boards) we can come to the conclusion that the social media agenda, at a cognitive level, was established by traditional media. We can conclude too that, during those three days, social media sources worked as gatherers of information from both Spanish and foreign traditional media; compilers of social movement press releases, calling for demonstrations; and to spread opinions linking the terrorist attack to the Aznar Government's foreign policy, and that asked for a response to terrorism in the polls. The agenda-setting therefore, had its source in traditional media, in the basic level of agenda -transfer of salience from media to public agenda-, and at the level of attribute agenda-setting and framing of the terrorist attacks. The agenda-setting, therefore, had its source in traditional media. It functioned not only at the basic level (transfer of salience from media to public agenda) but also at the attribute level, transferring the specific attributes of, as well as framing, the news of the terrorist attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the results of the research project 08/20 of the University of the Basque Country about the news published in the front pages of the basque newspapers in the years 1996, 2001 and 2006. The researchers have analyzed the front pages of the basque press to determine if they match the demands and interests of their readers. This study also shows which are the most important topics for this newspapers. This research analyzes 2.448 front pages of the main 5 basque newspapers, with a total 19.156 news items. For this work, a specific methodology has been developed, for either a quantitative and qualitative analysis. The data shown in this paper are a briefing of the more accurate results of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the notion of victim discourse as a means of political symbolism in Spanish politics, referring to theorist Judith Butler's connection between grievability and a hierarchy of being. It uses the controversy surrounding the treatment of alleged murderer Iñaki de Juana Chaos, a member of the Basque separatist group ETA, as an instance of the politics of victimhood. Other topics include theorist Giorgio Agamben's notion of a legal state of exception, conservative politicians' advocacy for victims of ETA terrorist attacks, and victim discourse in relation to the cultural studies notion of biopolitics, which denotes state power over life and death.

Copyright of Papeles del CEIC is the property of Centro de Estudios sobra la Identidad Colectiva, Facultas de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Politico is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the propaganda concerning the events in Barcelona between the years 1893 and 1897. In order to go into such an exploration, the controversy within the working movement during that time is analyzed as well as the two anarchist schools of the time: the anarcho-collectivist and the anarcho-communist ones. Then the position of the most important Barcelona newspapers before the terrorist anarchist phenomenon is analyzed. Finally, the process of Montjuic where all the dissidents were judged and condemned, especially the anarchist ones, and the national and above all international repercussions that said process had are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to examine the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) of 30 June 2009, on the Batasuna and Herri Batasuna Cases, which confirms the banning of these political parties. It addresses the importance, not so much legal but political of this judgment, and examines, in particular, the violations of the freedoms of association (article 11 ECHR) and expression (art. 10 ECHR) in order to evidence that the Law of Political Parties and their application by the Spanish courts to Herri Batasuna Batasuna overcomes, without problems the test of European conventionality. The European judgment points out that the Spanish system of dissolution of political parties gives more guarantees that the system of European Convention of Human Rights and that the context of terrorism is crucial when assessing the necessity and proportionality of a measure of this importance in a democratic society. The ruling of the ECHR is also a good example of dialogue between the ECHR and the Spanish Constitutional Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nationalist extremism in the Basque Country, the main manifestation of which is ETA terrorism, has been the target of a wide array of constitutional and ordinary public policies. Together with different forms and degrees of repression, these include the substantial restructuring of the State and the broad reallocation of public resources, which are derived from a responsive approach to conflict resolution. Through a multivariate research design, this study evaluates the outcomes of the main responsive policies that have been implemented. In particular, the analysis shows that the establishment of Basque self-governing institutions has substantially mitigated political extremism, both with respect to the attitudes people and terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie V, Historia Contemporánea is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie V, Historia Contemporánea is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyses the internet functionality used by the terrorists responsible for the Madrid bombings of March 11, 2004. The computers and USB memory drives seized by the Spanish police form the main source for the analysis. This case study is contrasted with the contemporary theoretical framework of the relation between terrorism and the internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Special Unit of Psychological Attention at SUMMA 112 carried out a medium-term follow-up survey with a 185 victims sample three months after the terrorist attacks on 11th March 2004 in Madrid. The results are presented in this paper. A protocol designed ad hoc by the Unit and TOP-8 scale were administered by telephone. During the follow-up 54 percent of the victims sample (64 percent women) showed probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. 34 percent of victims received mental assistance one week after the terrorist attacks. A high number of respondents (83 percent) indicated a reduction of their initial symptoms during the survey, those which urged them to call SUMMA 112 emergency numbers in the first moments after the attacks. These results show the consequences on victims of a traumatic event and the relevance of immediate and close assistance in psychological crisis intervention in order to diminish the negative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we want to analyze the pictures publishing in the Spanish and international newspapers before the Madrid terrorist attack, March, 11. With this research we get some ideas about freedom speech limits: the respect of the privacy and, in special, the respect of the pain. At the same time, we'll remark the importance of the photography in the press and their communication power. For this research we used the March, 11 and 12 newspapers of most important Spanish editors and the digital edition of international press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migraciones is the property of Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author reflects on how the terrorist acts of March 11 2004 in Madrid were reported by the Spanish media, and reaches the conclusion that, without lapsing into crude sensationalism, it is indeed necessary to exhibit the annals of terror step by step, and tell the history of the victims identifying them by their proper names in order to expose the real dimension and impacts of violence. She suggests resituating the center of attention in the role of the media as conveyors not only of the emotional burden of tragedy itself but of the emotional burden of the civilian response. She affirms that the media, in the same way they are able to communicate terror, have as well the power to communicate the emotional triggers of reaction to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]