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This article attempts a brief analysis of the Controversy of Valladolid, its relationship with the beginnings of human rights and the emergence of foucaultian biopower. Such controversy occurred in the city of Valladolid, Spain, in the years 1550 and 1551, from Fray Bartolome de Las Casas, prosecutor and defender of American Indians, and also advocate and protector of Human Rights, and the theologian and philosopher Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda for the benefit of the conquest of the Americas and the enslavement of the Indians of that region subjugated by Spain. This represents an important event in relation to human rights, because moving the primacy of the american revolution with its Declaration of Independence and the french revolution, the Declaration of the Rights of Men and Citizens, placing the sixteenth century, Spain and New World an as important landmarks. Finally, this shift relocates in a few centuries before the birth of foucaultian biopower and the biopolitics, which dates from the century XVII and mid-century XVIII, anticipating its contours in two centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]