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The Spanish Group for Children's Pain Study was created in 2017 in an aim to prevent, remove or reduce pain in neonates, infants, children, and adolescents. Along with a diagnosis of pain, a paediatric patient may suffer from acute or chronic pain, neuropathic, nociceptive, or mixed pain, as well as pain from procedures, and post-surgical pain. Pain suffering is too often ignored and not diagnosed. As a result of this, pain prevention and pain treatment fails. Acute pain prevalence in scientific literature is estimated to be between 22% (procedures pain) and 77% (pain on patients in emergency departments and in hospital wards). Furthermore, up to 30% of children could suffer from chronic pain during their childhood. Among the barriers detected in pain management are: difficult assesment caused by a lack of unity in pain registry, difficuties due to the choice of an assessment pain scale (according to age and type of pain), and the absence of training in the management and interpretation of these pain scales. Additionally, in some health areas there is a high workload pressure and generally there are communication difficulties between professionals, and between them and families. From this AEP working group our clear positioning is expressed in the recommendation of the systematic assessment and recording of pain in all children treated in the health system, thus considering pain as the fifth constant to be determined after the other vital signs., (Copyright © 2019 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an independent risk factor for thromboembolic phenomena (TEP). We evaluated the prevalence and the possible risk factors associated with developing TEP in patients with IBD in our center., Material and Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from January 1995 to December 2011 from 23 patients. A total of 61% were diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) and 39% with ulcerative colitis (UC) according to routine criteria., Results: When the Montreal classification was used, 58% of the patients with CD had an inflammatory pattern (B1), 25% a stenosing pattern (B2) and 17% a fistulizing pattern (B3). Half the patients had ileocolic involvement (L3), one-third had colonic involvement (L2) and the remainder had ileal involvement (L1). Among patients with UC according to the Montreal classification, 78% had extensive colitis (E3), 11% had left colonic involvement (E2) and 11% had proctocolitis (E1). During the event, almost half the patients with UC had severe inflammatory activity (S3; 44%), 33% had mild-moderate activity (S1: 22%, S2: 11%) and only 22% were in remission (S0). Overall, at the time of the TEP, 48% of the patients had mild-moderate activity and 22% had severe activity. Likewise, 44% were hospitalized at the time of the event. In UC, an increase in the prevalence of TEP was found in admitted patients (66%). None of the patients had a family history of TEP, two patients (9%) had associated thrombophilia and 26% were active smokers. There were no TEP during pregnancy. Only one patient was taking contraceptive pills when the event occurred. The most frequent forms of TEP were deep vein thrombosis of the legs (55%) followed by pulmonary thromboembolism (25%)., Conclusions: TEP are relatively frequent in patients with IBD, with a strong impact on morbidity and mortality. In our series, risk factors for these events were more extensive involvement (any of the groups) and severe inflammatory activity. No significant association between classical risk factors such as the use of contraceptives, pregnancy, coagulation disorders or smoking and the risk of TEP were found., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. and AEEH y AEG. All rights reserved.)

The essential oil of Calamintha sylvatica subsp. ascendens exerts significant sedating and antipyretic activities in the rat. The components responsible for these activities appear to be the major monoterpenes present: pulegone, menthone and eucalyptol (1,8-cineol).