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Copyright of OHM: Obradoiro de Historia Moderna is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of OHM: Obradoiro de Historia Moderna is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Purpose: Arterial hypertension is an insulin-resistant condition that has been associated with an increased incidence of diabetes. We assessed the prevalence of glucose abnormalities in a population of patients with essential hypertension. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 420 consecutively referred essential hypertensive patients were studied at 16 hypertension clinics in university and community hospitals of Spain. Fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose and insulin levels were determined in nondiabetic patients. Results: An abnormal glucose metabolism was diagnosed in 68.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 63.7%-72.9%) of the patients. Isolated insulin resistance, defined by a homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) equal to or above 3.8, was shown in 9.3% (95% CI, 6.7%-12.5%); impaired fasting glucose in 11.2% (95% CI, 8.6%-14.7%); impaired glucose tolerance in 22.5% (95% CI, 18.5%-26.9%); silent undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in 11.5% (95% CI, 8.6%-14.5%); and known diabetes mellitus in 13.9% (95% CI, 10.4%-17.2%) of the patients. According to the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance and the Adult Treatment Program III criteria, the metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 41.5% (95% CI, 35.9%-47.3%) and 47.9% (95% CI, 43.1%-52.8%) of the patients, respectively. The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (defined by a left ventricular mass index [LVMI] >125 g/m2) was 44.2%. The relation between HOMA-IR and LVMI was statistically nonsignificant, and the LVMI values in the HOMA-IR quartiles were similar. Only 27 patients (6.4%) showed good control of cardiovascular risk factors. In most patients (273, 65%; 95% CI, 60.3%-69.4%) 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors were identified as not being under control. Conclusions: Two thirds of the patients attending hypertension clinics with essential hypertension show an abnormal glucose metabolism. The metabolic syndrome can be identified in a substantial number of these patients, and 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors are not controlled in the majority of patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• SAT-CEP-Monitor is an air quality monitoring software architecture • SAT-CEP-Monitor benefits from Complex Event Processing and Satellite Remote Sensing • SAT-CEP-Monitor permits validating satellite air quality data with ground stations Air pollution is a major problem today that causes serious damage to human health. Urban areas are the most affected by the degradation of air quality caused by anthropogenic gas emissions. Although there are multiple proposals for air quality monitoring, in most cases, two limitations are imposed: the impossibility of processing data in Near Real-Time (NRT) for remote sensing approaches and the impossibility of reaching areas of limited accessibility or low network coverage for ground data approaches. We propose a software architecture that efficiently combines complex event processing with remote sensing data from various satellite sensors to monitor air quality in NRT, giving support to decision-makers. We illustrate the proposed solution by calculating the air quality levels for several areas of Morocco and Spain, extracting and processing satellite information in NRT. This study also validates the air quality measured by ground stations and satellite sensor data. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Spain, 33% of adults aged 30 to 79 years (10 million) were hypertensive in 2019. Among them, 68% were diagnosed, 57% received drug therapy, and effective therapeutic coverage (control) reached 33%. Both diagnosis and control show geographical and social disparities. Approximately 46 000 cardiovascular deaths per year are attributable to hypertension. In recent decades, the control of hypertension has increased, due to improvements in lifestyle measures and increased use of polytherapy, coinciding with a reduction in stroke mortality. There are several modifiable determinants of the lack of hypertension control: a) white-coat phenomenon affects 22% to 33% of treated individuals, partly due to the limited availability of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) (49%) and self-measured BP (SMBP) (78%); b) inadequate patient adherence to medication and healthy lifestyles (weight loss, the most effective measure, is the least used, ≈40%); and c) insufficient use of polytherapy (≈55%). The remaining challenges include: a) technological aspects, such as measuring BP with more accurate techniques (ABPM, SMBP) and using cardiovascular-risk estimation tools (eg, SCORE); b) clinical challenges, such as reducing therapeutic inertia (≈59%), involving patients in their own management (medication adherence, ≈62%) and effectively implementing clinical guidelines); and c) public health challenges, such as reducing the burden of obesity (≈24%), monitoring progress with updated surveys, and setting national BP control targets., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

United States and European guidelines have recommended new treatment goals for office blood pressure (BP). We examined 9784 hypertensives of the Spanish Ambulatory BP Monitoring (ABPM) registry with office BP treated to the prior goal (<140/90 mm Hg); and evaluated the frequency and all-cause mortality of 4 BP strata depending on whether or not they attained more conservative or new office BP goal (130-139/80-89 and <130/80 mm Hg, respectively) and whether or not BP was controlled according to ABPM criteria in the European and US guidelines (24-hour ambulatory BP <130/80 and <125/75 mm Hg, respectively). Whether achieving or not the new office BP goal, the total-mortality risk during a 5-year follow-up was only significantly higher than the reference (normal office BP and ABPM) when 24-hour ambulatory BP was above goal (hazard ratio from multivariable Cox models was in the range of 2.4-2.9; P<0.001). The frequency of patients achieving the new office BP goal was 34.4%, and the frequencies of those not achieving the ABPM goal were 31.6% and 53.7% using the 130/80 or the 125/75 ABPM goal, respectively. Mean office systolic BP was 129 mm Hg for patients not achieving the ABPM goal. In hypertensive patients controlled under prior office BP goal, the frequency of those achieving new office BP goal <130/80 was high, suggesting this goal can be attained. In addition, patients had a higher mortality risk only when ABPM was above goal despite having mean office systolic BP under control, a condition that was also common.

Aim: There are limited data on the quality of treated blood pressure (BP) control during normal daily life, and in particular, the prevalence of 'masked uncontrolled hypertension' (MUCH) in people with treated and seemingly well-controlled BP is unknown. This is important because masked hypertension in 'treatment naïve' patients is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. We therefore conducted the first study to define the prevalence and characteristics of MUCH among a large sample of hypertensive patients in routine clinical practice in whom BP was treated and controlled to recommended clinic BP goals., Methods and Results: We analysed data from the Spanish Society of Hypertension ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) Registry and identified patients with treated and controlled BP according to current international guidelines (clinic BP <140/90 mmHg). Masked uncontrolled hypertension was diagnosed in these patients if despite controlled clinic BP, the mean 24-h ABPM average remained elevated (24-h systolic BP ≥130 mmHg and/or 24-h diastolic BP ≥80 mmHg). From 62 788 patients with treated BP in the Spanish registry, we identified 14 840 with treated and controlled clinic BP, of whom 4608 patients (31.1%) had MUCH according to 24-h ABPM criteria (mean age 59.4 years, 59.7% men). The prevalence of MUCH was significantly higher in males, patients with borderline clinic BP (130-9/80-9 mmHg), and patients at high cardiovascular risk (smokers, diabetes, obesity). Masked uncontrolled hypertension was most often because of poor control of nocturnal BP, with the proportion of patients in whom MUCH was solely attributable to an elevated nocturnal BP almost double that solely attributable to daytime BP elevation (24.3 vs. 12.9%, P < 0.001)., Conclusion: The prevalence of masked suboptimal BP control in patients with treated and well-controlled clinic BP is high. Clinic BP monitoring alone is thus inadequate to optimize BP control because many patients have an elevated nocturnal BP. These findings suggest that ABPM should become more routine to confirm BP control, especially in higher risk groups and/or those with borderline control of clinic BP., (Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2014. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glycemia in an adult population living in Madrid (Spain)., Methods: In this cross-sectional, population-based survey, we studied 1,344 adults aged 31-70 years, randomly selected from the population living in 14 primary care districts of the Madrid region. All participants underwent a clinical evaluation that included a clinical interview, physical examination and fasting blood analysis (glycemia, cholesterol and triglyceride levels). The participants were considered to be diabetic if they had been previously diagnosed with diabetes by their general physician or had a fasting glycemia ≥ 126 mg/dl without a previous diabetes diagnosis. Impaired fasting glycemia was defined as fasting glycemia between 100mg/dl and 125 mg/dl in non-diabetic participants., Results: The sex- and age-adjusted prevalence figures for diabetes and impaired fasting glucose were 6.6% (95% CI: 5.9-8.7) and 14.1% (95% CI: 12.1-15.8), respectively. A substantial proportion of diabetic patients [17.2% (95% CI: 10.9-23.5)] had not been previously diagnosed. The variables independently associated with diabetes were age, male gender, abdominal obesity and hypertension., Conclusions: Our prevalence figure for diabetes is similar to those reported in other Spanish regions. The high frequency of impaired fasting glucose is worrisome, particularly when combined with obesity, as this association confers a high risk for developing diabetes mellitus., (Copyright © 2011 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.)

Background: Worldwide thrombolysis rates remain suboptimal. Ambulance transfer is associated with greater use of this time-dependent treatment. Information on public awareness of stroke symptoms is important for planning effective education programs to promote calling of emergency services for suspected stroke. However, there is a paucity of data on this subject in European countries. Our objectives were to explore the recognition of stroke symptoms, awareness of the need to activate the emergency medical services for acute stroke events, and the association between knowledge of warning symptoms and intent to call for an ambulance among a sample representative of the adult population of Spain. This is the largest study on this subject to date in Europe., Methods: The data were taken from the Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain, a cross-sectional study conducted in a sample representative of the Spanish noninstitutionalized population aged ≥18 years in 2008-2010. Study participants were selected by multistage clustered random sampling. The households within each section were selected by random telephone dialing using the landline telephone directory as the sampling frame. Subjects in the households were selected proportionally to the distribution of the population of Spain by sex and age. The study included a computer-assisted telephone interview on stroke symptom knowledge and the first action to perform in a stroke event, based on the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association recommendations, and two home visits to perform a physical examination and to obtain blood samples., Results: Among 11,827 adults, 7,711 (65.2%; 95% CI = 64.1-66.3) identified 4-6 stroke warning symptoms, considered as adequate knowledge. A total of 1,348 (11.4%) were unable to classify any of the symptoms correctly. In the multivariate analysis, higher education was significantly associated with better knowledge of symptoms, and age ≥65 years, fair/poor self-rated health, history of obesity and known diabetes were significantly associated with less knowledge of stroke symptoms. One in 5 individuals indicated they would do something other than calling for an ambulance if they thought someone was having a stroke. The number of specific stroke warning symptoms known was directly associated with the intent to call an ambulance in a stroke event (OR adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables = 1.06 per symptom, 95% CI = 1.03-1.09; p < 0.001)., Conclusions: In this population-based study, stroke symptom knowledge was suboptimal and only modestly associated with the intent to call for an ambulance. Educational interventions are needed to link stroke recognition more strongly to an immediate need to call for an ambulance in order to increase stroke patients' access to thrombolysis., (Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

The Editors of the Rev Clin Esp inform herein on their editorial activity in the last year (November 2009 to October 2010) according to three different sections: (a) Objectives and achievements during 2010, (b) editorial activity, and (c) objectives for 2011. During 2010, we have updated the editorial algorithm (manuscript time lag). We have developed the "E-case reports" section and we have linked the abstracts of the Annual Congress of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) to a journal supplement (electronically available). Since 2010, the subscribers have been able to receive all of the contents of the Rev Clin Esp on-line and to perform self-evaluations in order to obtain 1.7 credits per each journal issue (continuing education). In 2010 we handled 402 manuscripts (7.2% more than in 2009), 35% of which were accepted for publication. We asked 186 reviewers for their expert opinion, 75% of whom sent their reports in less than two weeks. The mean time needed to reach an editorial decision concerning original manuscripts ("accepted / rejected") was 44.5 days and for papers not sent to external reviewers 19.5 days. Collaboration with the work groups produced good results (2.4 published manuscripts per issue), but this could be improved if all the groups collaborated in all the journal sections. Our objectives for 2011 are to complete the renewal of the Rev Clin Esp scientific committee, in accordance with the SEMI Council, and to continue to proceed with the actions initiated to increase the journal impact factor. Rev Clim Esp is an open forum for all internal medicine specialists. Responsibility falls on all of us to collaborate in order to make our journal a little better day by day., (Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Espana.)