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Gendered barriers that have traditionally impeded entry into entrepreneurship are lessening. Nonetheless, there is still a clear need to further encourage female students into an entrepreneurial career pathway. To do so, traditional classroom discourse that promotes the masculinised concept of the 'heroic' entrepreneur who experiences overnight success needs to be challenged. By providing a case study of a young successful female entrepreneur we open a pathway beyond a narrow vision of the homogenous entrepreneur driven by purely profit-seeking motives. It is well recognised that the socialisation process differs between individuals, making it important to consider the lived experiences of a variety of entrepreneurs that can appeal to the idiosyncratic needs of our students. At the same time, to amplify the value of such narratives they need to be connected to what we already know. The overriding aim of this teaching case is to offer a narrative of a successful female entrepreneur that can be used as a tool to stimulate an entrepreneurial mindset in students.

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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the current therapeutic management of patients with early-stage HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer in Spain, while also exploring the perceptions surrounding HER2DX in terms of its credibility, clinical relevance, and impact on therapeutic decision-making. Understanding these aspects is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and enhancing patient outcomes in the context of HER2+ breast cancer., Methods: An online questionnaire was conducted by an independent third-party between April and May 2022 across 70 medical oncologists highly specialized in breast cancer management in Spain. The survey included 37 questions regarding treatment decision making in HER2+ early breast cancer., Results: The management of patients with HER2+ early breast cancer exhibited a high degree of heterogeneity. Among the interviewed oncologists, 53% would recommend upfront surgery for node negative tumors measuring 1 cm or less. Interestingly, 69% and 56% of interviewers were open to deescalate the duration of adjuvant trastuzumab in pT1a and pT1b N0 tumors, respectively. Certain clinicopathological characteristics, such as high grade, high Ki-67, and young age, influenced the decision to prescribe neoadjuvant treatment for patients with clinical stage 1 disease. In cases where neoadjuvant treatment was prescribed for cT1-2 N0 tumors, there was a wide variation in the choice of chemotherapeutic and anti-HER2 regimens. Regarding the use of adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy, there was diversity in practice, and a common concern emerged that T-DM1 might be overtreating some patients. HER2DX, as a diagnostic tool, was deemed trustworthy, and the reported scores were considered clinically useful. However, 86% of interviewees believed that a prospective trial was necessary before fully integrating the test into routine clinical practice., Conclusion: In the context of early-stage HER2+ breast cancer in Spain, a notable diversity in therapeutic approaches was observed. The majority of interviewed medical oncologists acknowledged HER2DX as a clinically valuable test for specific patients, in line with the 2022 SEOM-GEICAM-SOLTI clinical guidelines for early-stage breast cancer. To facilitate the full integration of HER2DX into clinical guidelines, conducting prospective studies to further validate its efficacy and utility was recommended., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objetive: To review and discuss the current evidence of the use of metformin as a therapeutic tool in frequent skin diseases., Design: Original article. Qualitative research. Narrative review., Location: Aragon and Murcia, Spain., Participants: Resident Physicians. Dermatology and Primary Health Care., Method: A narrative review has been carried out using the PubMed bibliographic database, being the search date the 27th of January of 2022., Results: Metformin has proven to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases such as acne, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis and allergic contact dermatitis. It has also shown antitumor properties regarding basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Additionally, beneficial effects of adjuvant treatment with metformin have been described in patients with basal cell carcinoma receiving photodynamic therapy. In patients with endocrinology-related dermatosis such as hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans and eruptive xanthomas, treatment with metformin has demonstrated therapeutic effectiveness. Topical treatment with metformin has also been useful in the treatment of melasma. Finally, it has been proposed as a drug with anti-aging and wound-healing promoting properties. Severe adverse effects have not been observed for any of the previously described indications, being this a well-tolerated treatment., Conclusions: Metformin is an effective and safe adjuvant in the therapeutic scheme of various inflammatory dermatoses, skin neoplasms, endocrinology-related dermatosis, melasma, skin aging and wound healing processes., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)