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Simple Summary: Early diagnosis of potentially malignant oral disorders (OPMD) is crucial in reducing oral cancer mortality. It is necessary to investigate and identify predictive biomarkers capable of estimating the risk of malignant transformation in potentially malignant oral lesions. In this study, we analyzed a panel of salivary markers, including adenosine deaminase (ADA), ferritin (FRR) and total protein (TP). We found no significant differences in salivary ADA between the OPMD group and controls. However, we did observe statistically significant differences in ferritin and total proteins when compared to the control group. Therefore, ferritin and total proteins may serve as potential salivary biomarkers for diagnosis. Furthermore, saliva tests are a reliable and non-invasive diagnostic tool, offering an intriguing alternative for screening large populations. Nevertheless, validation through extensive clinical studies is required. Introduction: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are lesions associated with an increased risk of transformation (MT) into cancer. Objective: A study was made of the salivary levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), ferritin (FRR) and total proteins (TP) in healthy individuals and in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), assessing the potential role of saliva as a diagnostic tool. Methods: A total of 91 subjects participated in the study, divided into two groups—59 patients with OPMD (oral leukoplakia or oral lichen planus) and 32 healthy controls—with measurements being made of salivary ADA, ferritin (FRR) and total proteins (TP). Results: There were no significant differences in salivary mean ADA between the OPMD group 0.85 ± 2.18 UI/I and the controls 0.71 ± 1.72 UI/I (p = 0.934), though the levels of both FRR mean OPMD, 12.66 ± 10.50 (µg/L), versus control, 7.19 ± 4.44 (p = 0.001), and TP, 23.41 ± 17, versus control, 14.15 ± 15.19, were significantly higher in the OPMD group (p = 0.001). Patients with oral lichen planus showed significant differences in terms of FRR (p = 0.009) and TP (p = 0.003). The ferritin in LPO with a cut-off point of 8.5C showed a sensitivity and specificity of 54.3% and 82.3, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.69 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.58–0.82; p = 0.003). Conclusions: Ferritin and total proteins may constitute potential salivary biomarkers for oral lichen planus, though further studies are still needed in this field. In addition, saliva testing is a reliable and noninvasive diagnostic tool and appears to be a reliable strategy offering an interesting alternative for the screening of large populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the time of recurrence of leukoplakic lesions, taking into consideration the degree of dysplasia and the clinical category in order to determine which leukoplakia profile is more prone to recurrence. Inclusion: We included patients who had had verrucous leukoplakia lesions at some point that had subsequently been confirmed by means of a biopsy. With regard to the association between the average time of recurrence and the degree of dysplasia [Figure 3], the recurrence phenomenon is more frequent in patients without dysplasia than in patients with dysplasia (similar to as Kuribayashi and Cols.). After 10 months of follow-up, approximately 60% of patients without verrucous leukoplakia had experienced at least one episode of recurrence. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Among potentially malignant disorders, oral leukoplakia is the most common in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors associated with oral leukoplakia.Methods: This retrospective study included 142 patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia according to World Health Organization clinical and histopathological criteria and a control group of healthy subjects matched for age and gender. Sociodemographic data were registered for each patient: age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption. Leukoplakia characteristics were also registered: size, position, clinical form, and presence or absence of dysplasia; all cases of leukoplakia were classified systematically according to clinicopathological stage. Blood lipid component levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides were compared between groups.Results: Smoking had a significant effect on the risk of leukoplakia (P = 0.01, odds ratio (OR) = 8.33). High glucose levels also increased the probability of leukoplakia (P = 0.03, OR = 6.35), as did low-density lipoproteins (P = 0.049, OR = 5.65). The risk of dysplasia increased among patients presenting the non-homogeneous form of leukoplakia (P = 0.039, OR = 9.06) and among smokers (P = 0.044, OR = 28.33).Conclusions: Smoking, increased glucose and low-density lipoproteins in the blood are associated with a risk of oral leukoplakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aims of this study were (i) to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in adults over 30 years old in the city of Oviedo (Spain), and (ii) to analyze the relationship between the prevalence of oral lesions, toxic habits (tobacco and alcohol) and denture wearers in these patients. Methods: A representative sample of the adult population in Oviedo (Spain) was obtained through randomized sampling (n = 753); a total of 308 (41%) subjects were finally included in the study. The observeci oral pathology was classified according to the WHO criteria and earlier epidemiological studies. Results: A little over half of all patients (51.1%) had oral lesions. The most frequent lesions were frictional lesion (7.5%), traumatic ulcer (7.1%), denture stomatitis and pseudomembranous candidosis (6.5%), followed by melanin pigmentation (5.8%) and denture-induced hyperplasia (5.2%), plicated tongue (3.9%), lichen planus and hemangioma (3.2%), angular cheilitis and cheek biting (2.9%), fibrous hyperplasia and coated tongue (2.6%), recurrent aphthae (1.9%) and oral leukoplakia (1.6%). In relation to leukoplakia, the odds ratio (OR) of heavy drinkers was 15.98 and the OR of heavy smokers was 12.37. The OR of heavy smokers or heavy drinkers diagnosed of frictional lesion was four rimes greater than that of nonsmokers or nondrinkers. The OR of heavy smokers with melanic pigmentations was 4.08. The OR of complete denture wearers with candidosis was 11.38. The OR of partial removable denture wearers with hemangioma was 5.01. Conclusions: This study shows the relation of heavy tobacco and heavy alcohol to traumatic keratosis and leukoplakia, and of complete dentures to pseudomembranous candidosis, fibrous hyperplasia and stomatitis. Programs designed to eradicate toxic factors (alcohol and tobacco) should, therefore, be implemented with adequate maintenance of dentures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]